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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Andrology
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the study of reproductive physiology specific to males
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Gynecology
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the study of reproductive physiology and medicine specific to females
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Theriogenology
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branch of veterinary medicine that focuses on the reproduction systems in animals
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Obstetrics
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branch of reproductive physiology, veterinary medicine, and/or human medicine that specializes in the female before, during, and after birth
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Improvement in reproductive rate by just 3% of an increase would result in ___ more beef calves, ___ more pigs, and ___ more gallons of milk per year.
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1 million more beef calves, 3.2 million more pigs, and 3.7 million more gallons of milk.
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Aristotle's contribution
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Proposed that the fetus originates from menstrual blood
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Fallopius
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Discovered and described the oviduct
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Coiter
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Discovered and described the corpus luteum
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de Graaf
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Discovered and described the antral follicle
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van Leeuwenhoek
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Discovered and described spermatozoa in semen
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Spallanzani
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Hypothesized that spermatozoa were the fertilizing agents and successfully artificially inseminated a dog
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Dumas
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Proved that spermatozoa were the fertilizing agents
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Type of epithelium in the serosa
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simple squamous (for blood to easily enter and exit)
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Submucosa
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Layer of varying thickness that supports the reproductive tract. It houses blood, lymph, and nerves.
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Mucosa
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secretory epithelium
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Type of epithelium in the oviduct
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ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar
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Poster vagina epithelium
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Stratified Squamous
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The broad ligament originates from _____ in the female
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peritoneum. It develops in the retroperitoneal position
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utero-ovarian ligament
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attaches the ovary to the uterus
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The corpus luteum produces what hormones?
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oxytocin, relaxin, inhibin, and activing. It also produces progesterone.
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What type of epithelium is in the tunica albuginea/germinal epithelium?
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cuboidal
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Corpus albicans/corpora albicantia
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the degenerating corpus luteum. scar-like and white.
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uterotubal junction
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where the ovary and isthmus meet
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fimbriae
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finger-like velvety projections that sweep over the ovaries and collect ovulated follicles
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The three kinds of uteruses
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Duplex, bicornuate, simplex
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Perimetrium corresponds to what in the uterus?
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serosa
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Myometrium corresponds to what tissue layer in the uterus?
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Myometrium
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The endometrium corresponds to what tissue layer in the uterus?
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mucosa and submucosa
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Uterine glands of the submucosa
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develop from the endometrial mucosa, penetrate into the submucosa and become coiled. They secrete material into the lumen of the uterus
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Describe the cow cervix.
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annular rings, fornix, crypts and folds. similar to ewe and sow.
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Prostaglandin F2a
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causes regression of corpus luteum
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This species has longitudinal folds that make fertilization comparitively easy
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mare
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This species has "scars" from zonary placentation
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queen
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In these species, the cervix protrudes caudally into the cranial vagina, and does not have elaborate rings or folds, leaving the cervix smooth
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female dog (censored), queen (no protrustion)
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The vestibule develops from what?
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the ventral part of the cloaca
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Gartner's ducts
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remnants of the Wolffian duct
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suburethral diverticulum
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in the sow and cow. small blind pouch immediately ventral to urethral opening
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urethral tubercle
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in the female dog. contains a bulb-like structure that protrudes caudally into the vestibule. directly avove the urethral opening.
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perineium
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covers the pelvic outlet, tears sometimes in birth
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a type of bull sterilized by shortening the testis closer to the body
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short-scrotumed bull
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spermatogenesis occurs primarily in what part of the seminiferous tubules?
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tubulus contortus, the spirally part (the other is the rectus)
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The seminiferous epithelium consists of two major regions known as ____ and ____
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basal compartment and adluminal compartment
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Sertoli cells can produce what hormones?
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androgent binding protein (testosterone transport protein), sulfated glyoproteins 1 and 2 (fertility acquisition, movement,) transferrin (Fe transport, spearmatogenesis), inhibin (suppresses FSH)
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The type of junctions between Sertoli cells
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tight junctions
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function of peritubular cells around the seminiferous tubules
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blood-testis barrier protecting germ cells from immuglobins and immune system
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Hormones and neurotransmitters that can have an effect on spermatogenesis or maturity of sperm
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oxytocin, acetylcholine, prostaglandins, angiotensin II
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When restrained from mounting or falsely mounting, this hormone can build up sperm reserves (extragonadal reserves)
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oxytocin
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In these species, a plug forms in the female to prevent sperm leakage
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boar and stallion
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ampulla (male)
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enlargements of the ductus deferens that open directly into the pelvic urethra. Enlargement is the result of a dramatic increase in mucosa within which has many pockets. Not found in boar.
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This species has a heart-shaped corpus prostate
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boar
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This species has an H-shaped corpus prostate
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stallion
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This species does not have a corpus prostate. Its prostate is entirely disseminate
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ram
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This species only has a corpus prostate (two lateral lobes)
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stallion
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This animal only has a prostate
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dog
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This guy has a four-gland prostate
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tom
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the process of castrating an animal
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orchidectomy
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the glans penis of the alpaca penis has
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a cartilagenous process
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Which species have a fibroelastic penis (and sigmoid flexure with retractor penis muscles)
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bulls, boars, and rams
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retractor penis muscles
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a pair of smooth muscles attached dorsally to the ccygeal vertebrae that when relaxed (and blood rushes in) causes erection
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ischiovavernosus muscles
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muscles associated with the pelvic urethra and the penis, enclose the crura, connect penis to ischial arch
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urethralis
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striated muscles that surrounds pelvic urethra in circular manner, thic hand powerful, move seminal plasma and spermatozoa into the urethra
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bulbospongiosus muscles
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overlaps the root of the penis and extends down the caudal and ventral surfaces. part way down boar, ram and bull. empties the extrapelvic part of the urethra
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What species have an os penis?
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carnivores, bats, rodents, shrews, moles, and many primates (not humans)
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the female reproductive tract comes mainly from what embryonic remnant?
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paramesonephric ducts or mullerian ducts
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The mesonephric tubules become
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efferent ducts
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the mesonephric sucts become
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ductus deferens and epididymis
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free martin
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a twin sterile female cow to a bull from AMH exposure
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What hormone sequences lead to ovulation?
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E2 up, GnRH surge, LH surge
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kisspeptins
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gatekeepers of GnRH release, secreted by hypothalamic neurons in the periventricular, preoptic, and arcuate nuclei
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secretion of this hormone causes secretion in the cervix
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estradiol
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Sydney arthur asdell
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Syposium named after him
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William hansel
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Physiology of the corpus luteum and estrus cycle, cancer
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Robert H Foote
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Cryopreservation, ivf, embryo transfer, cloning, antibiotics, world war 2
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