Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Cultural Evolution
|
-A model for the development of society that delineates a sequence of cultural change over time.
|
|
|
Unilineal Evolution
|
-early theoretical school that postulated that all cultures proceeded through a series of successive stages.
|
|
|
Nonevolutionary Model
|
-a model of cultural evolution based on types of technology and food-procurement strategies, and the sociocultural adaptations that resulted from them.
|
|
|
Multilinear Evolution
|
-an evolutionary model of culture emphasizing different development patterns for societies in different habitats.
|
|
|
Oldowan Tools
|
-A very early African tool-making tradition associated with the first members of Homo.
|
|
|
Acheulean Hand Axes
|
-part of an African and European tool tradition associated with Homo erectus and Homo ergaster. The tradition also includes cleavers and some flake tools.
|
|
|
Ecological Model
|
-a model lthat views a culture as part of a larger global ecological system with each aspect of the system interacting with all of the other parts.
|
|
|
Cultural Ecology
|
-the study of the processes by which a society adapts to its enviroment.
|
|
|
Optimal-Foraging Model
|
-a model that aims at understanding how foragers optimize the gathering of food.
|
|
|
Evolutionary-Ecological Model
|
-a paradigm of human culture that combines both the nonevolutionary and ecological perspectives.
|
|
|
Technology
|
-The knowledge, tools, and skills used by humans to manipulate their environments.
|
|
|
Traditions
|
-Cultural choices consistently made by a society and practiced generation to generation.
|
|
|
Foraging
|
-a food-procurement strategy that involves collecting wild plant and animal foods.
|
|
|
Carrying Capacity
|
-The maximum population that a habitat can sustain.
|
|
|
Bands
|
-a type of society common in foraging groups and marked by egalitarian social structure and lack of specialization.
|
|
|
Family Band
|
-a type of band organization consisting of nuclear family units that move independently with an area. Joins other when resources are plentiful; travels alone at other times.
|
|
|
Patrilocal Band
|
-a type of band consisting of related males and their wives and children who stay together and forage as a group.
|
|
|
Reciprocity
|
-a form of exchange that involves the mutual giving and receiving of food and other items b/w people who are socially equal.
|
|
|
Generalized Reciprocity
|
-institutionalized gift giving and exchange b/w close kin; accounts are not kept, and there is no expectation of immediate return.
|
|
|
Balanced Reciprocity
|
-Exchange and gift giving with the expectation of a return of equal value w/in a reasonable period of time.
|
|
|
Negative Reciprocity
|
-an economic exchange aimed at receiving more than is given.
|
|
|
Egalitarian
|
-refers to members of a society having equal access to status, power, and wealth w/in the same category, such as age or gender.
|
|
|
Low Energy Budget
|
-The expenditure of minimum energy of acquire the basic needs for survival.
|
|
|
Division Of Labor
|
-The manner of dividing work based on criteria such as age or gender.
|
