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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organism
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A living thing
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Characteristics of Living Things
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Have a cellular organization
Contain Similar Chemicals Use Energy Respond to their surroundings Grow and Develop Reproduce |
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cell
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A basic unit of structure and function in an organism
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Unicellular
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A single-celled organism: bacteria and amoeba
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Multi-cellular
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Organisms composed of many cells and are programmed for specific jobs
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The Chemicals of Life
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Carbohydrates
Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids |
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If there is no water..
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There is NO life!
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Carbohydrates
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Main source of energy
Starches Broken down into glucose |
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Proteins
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Help cells to build things
Muscle is made of protein Protein is found in eggs and meat |
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Lipids
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Helps cells to build things
Fats and oils are lipids Helps to break down food that is digested |
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Nucleic Acids
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Create genetic material
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA found in nucleus Direct all activity |
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Cells that make up organisms need ___ to function
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Energy
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Stimulus
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A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react
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Response
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An action that occurs as the result of the stimulus
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The response ensures...
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the survival of the organism
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Growth
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the process of becoming larger
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Development
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the process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism
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Spontaneous generation
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the idea that life can come from a non-living source
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Spontaneous generation was a widely held belief at the time of...
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Francesco Redi
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This theory was believed for many years and he wanted to disprove it so he...
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Conducted a controlled experiment to test if spontaneous generation was real in the 1600s
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Redi's experiment
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2 jars with meat: 1 covered, 1 uncovered; After a few days the uncovered one had maggots on the meat but the covered one did not
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A controlled experiment
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Consists of two tests that are identical in every respect except for one factor
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The control group in Redi's experiment
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uncovered
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The variable in Redi's experiment
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covered
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The conclusion of Redi's experiment
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Life does not occur spontaneously. Life comes from life.
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The person who finally disproved spontaneous generation
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Louis Pasteur
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After Redi's experiment...
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People still believed in spontaneous generation
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Pasteur's experiment took place ___ years after Redi's.
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200
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Pasteur's experiment
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2 flasks with broth: 1 boiled, 1 unboiled; unboiled became cloudy after few days, boiled remained clear for a year; broke flask of boiled and within few days, broth became cloudy
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The Needs of Living Things
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Food
Water Living Space |
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Homeostasis
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Maintaining Stable Internal Conditions
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Human's homeostasis
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3 main: temperature, heart rate, blood pressure
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Autotroph
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Makes its own food
Plant (photosynthesis) |
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Heterotroph
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Cannot make its own food
Uses autotrophs for food source Animals, humans |
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Why can't scientists use common names?
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Something will eventually be named something that has a different meaning somewhere else
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There are about ____ species on Earth.
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1.7 million
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The story of the buzzard and the hawk
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In the United Kingdom, our buzzard is their hawk and our hawk is their buzzard.
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To avoid this confusion...
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We use a system of naming and classification.
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Classification
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The process of grouping things based on their similarities
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Taxonomy
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The study of how living things are classified
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Carolus Linnaeus
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He came up with our modern system of classification. He placed them in groups based on their features.
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His system is know as...
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Binomial Nomenclature
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How to write a scientific name
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Capitalize the first letter of the first word (genus). Do not capitalize the second word (species). Italicize if typing, underline if writing.
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Why use Latin?
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It is a dead language which means it will never change.
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Seven Levels of Classification
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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Human scientific name
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Homo Sapien
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Kingdoms
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Archaebacteria-halophiles
Eubacteria-E. coli Protista-amoeba Fungi-mushroom Plantae-flower Animalia-human |
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Three Domains
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Eubacteria
Archaebacteria Eukarya |
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In the Eukarya Domain...
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Protista, Animalia, Fungi, Plantae
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Charles Darwin
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Known as Father of Evolution.
His ship was the HMS Beagle and traveled to Galapagos Islands and did work on finches. |
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His book is...
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On Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. It explained evolutionary theory.
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Galapagos Finches
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On different islands there is a different food supply and the beaks are different depending on what beak is best to eat that kind of food.
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Domain Bacteria
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Prokaryotes are not in this kingdom. Don't have nucleus. Some are autotrophs, some are heterotrophs.
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Domain Archaea
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The most ancient bacteria; found in the most extreme conditions - thermophiles
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Protists
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Least complex of Eukarya.Some are multicellular, some are unicellular
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Fungi
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Feed on decaying objects, all are heterotrophs. Mushrooms, molds, and mildew
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Plants
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Muticellualr eukaryotes (have a nucleus). Autotrophs that provide food for heterotrophs.
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Animals
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All are eukaryotes and multicellular. Have adaptations that allow them to find food, capture it, eat, and digest. All eat in some manner.
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