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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A procedure used to solve
problems and answer questions. |
The Scientific Method
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Step 1 in the Scientific Method
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1. Identify the Question
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Step 2 in the Scientific Method
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2. Gather Information
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Step 3 in the Scientific Method
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3. Form a hypothesis
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Step 4 in the Scientific Method
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4. Test the Hypothesis (do an experiment)
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Step 5 in the Scientific Method
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5. Collect Data
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Step 6 in the Scientific Method
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6. Analyze Data
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Step 7 in the Scientific Method
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7. Draw Conclusions
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Step 8 in the Scientific Method
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8. Communicate (write results)
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What are two ways to gather information?
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1. Observations
2. Research |
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What are observations?
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Information gathered using senses (sight, smell, touch, taste, hearing)
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What is research?
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Gathering information that is true about the subject.
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What is a hypothesis?
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An explanation that can be tested.
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How do you test a hypothesis?
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Do an experiment.
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True or False - a hypothesis is a fact.
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False - it is a prediction
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What is an independent variable?
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The information in the experiment that you are changing
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What is a dependent variable?
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The measure as a result of changing the independent variable.
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What are constants?
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Parts of the experiment that do not change.
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What is the control?
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The standard to which the outcome of a test is compared.
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Collect Data
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create a chart or table to store and organize data; do experiment and record results
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Qualitative Data
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describes qualities or characteristics - color, ordors, sounds, textures
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Quantitative Data
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numerical data - mass, density, length, volume, temperature, amount
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Analyze the Data
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displays trends, patterns & relationships can be seen; allows us to see if data supports hypothesis or not
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Draw Conclusions
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the final summary of an investigation; includes a restatment of the question and hypothesis, discusses the data, what the data means, problems with the research, ways to carry the research further, why the research is important
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If your hypothesis is supported then you...
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Accept the hypothesis
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If your hypothesis is not supported...
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...revise your hypothesis
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True or False - an experiment is done just once.
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False - it is always done many times.
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What are three limits to the scientific method?
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1.These limitations are based on the fact that a hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable and that experiments and observations be repeatable.
2. Science cannot prove or refute the existence of God or any other supernatural entity. 3. Bias can affect observations. |
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What is Bias?
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An inclination or preference that influences judgment from being balanced or even-handed.
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Scientific Theory
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An explanation of things or events based on scientific knowledge that is the result of many observations and experiments.
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What must happen for something to become a scientific theory?
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Many experiments with the same results many times.
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Outside of science, a theory is called?
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A hunch or guess.
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What is scientific law?
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A statement about how things work in nature.
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What is an example of a scientific law?
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Law of gravity.
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What is Life Science?
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Study of living things.
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What is an organism?
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Any living thing.
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What are the characteristics of life?
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living things:
1. are organized 2. respond 3. use energy 4. grow and develop |
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What is the smallest unit of an organism that carries on the function of life?
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a cell
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What is a stimulus?
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anything that causes some change in an organism
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What is homeostasis?
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the ability of an organism to keep the proper conditions inside
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Where does all energy come from?
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The sun
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What is growth?
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an increase in size or number of cells
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What is development?
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The changes that take place during the life span of an organism.
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What is reproduction?
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organisms making more of their own kind
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What is the most important raw material for living things?
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water
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What do living things need?
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1. A place to live
2. Raw materials |
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What is spontaneous generation?
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the idea that living things come from nonliving things
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Who discovered that maggots came from fly eggs? When?
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Francesco Redi
1668 |
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Who mistakenly concluded microorganisms came from broth?
When? |
John Needham
1745 |
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Who disproved spontaneous generation? When?
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Louis Pasteur
1859 |
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What is biogenesis?
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The idea that living things come from other living things.
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When did earth form?
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4.6 billion years ago.
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How did Aristotle classify living things?
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plants or animals
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Who developed a classification system based on organisms with similar structures?
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Linnaeus
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What is the evolutionary history of an organism called?
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phylogeny
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Phylogeny includes?
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internal and external structures, cell characteristics, fossils, hereditary information and early development
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What is the classification used today?
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Six Kingdom classification
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What are the categories in the six kingdom classification?
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1. Kingdom
2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Oder 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species |
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What is binomial nomenclature?
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The two word naming system invented by Linnaeus consisting of genus and species
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What is a genus?
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A group of similar species
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What is a field guide?
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a book that has photographs and information about organisms used to help scientists
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What is a dichotomous key?
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a detailed list of identifying characteristics that includes scientific names
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What category of organism can mate and produce fertile offspring?
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species
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What is the closest category of Canis Lupis?
1. Quercus alba 2. Equus Zebra 3. Felis tgirs 4. Canis familiaris |
Canis familiaris
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What is the source of energy for plants?
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The sun
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What makes up over 50% of all living things?
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water
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Who finally disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?
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Pasteur
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What is the length of time an organism is expected to live?
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lifespan
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What is the part of an experiment that can be changed?
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variable
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What does the first word in a two word name of an organism, identify?
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genus
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