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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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hyponymous |
words that are "a type of" something else; related to the word above it in a hierarchy; e.g. the eye is a type of organ |
Hypo means below, and the eye will always be below the status of the organ. An eye will never rise to become a synonym of organ. |
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meronymy |
a part of a whole; not a similar type to its peers nor a type of its parent; e.g. the eye is a part if the face |
The eye, the nose, the mouth; they were not the brightest on their own. A couple of merons, really. They only ever reached their potential when they combined to become the face. |
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utterance |
a sentence that carries a specific meaning dependent on context; e.g. I now pronounce you husband and wife. |
The actor was truly fooled. He thought he would be marrying his gorgeous female costar in his favorite place in the world: the set of the movie itself. He nervously uttered the proposal, everything seeming to be in its perfect place... only for the director to shout "Cut! That was a great scene, guys. Very genuine." |
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linguistic meaning |
referential (real-world object/concept) and sense (word pertaining to several reference points) meaning |
Just as linguistics is apparently the lame version of learning about language, this meaning is the lamest and most surface-level |
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social meaning |
indicates social status and context |
Social situations can be formal or cazh, aaaaaawkward or comfortable, and still be held just as well by y'all socially well-off and the social welfare. |
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affective meaning |
expresses the speaker's feelings about the content of the sentence |
You can be very affectionate and caring when speaking about someone... or you can verbally drop them on their head. |
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gradability/complemetarity |
the ability of a word to be comparative/superlative; e.g. one can be taller than another, but one cannot be more single than another single person |
You could give a grade to a dog on how small it is compared to another dog. You cannot, however, be failing at being married anymore than another single person. |
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constituents |
organized groups of words that serve as meaningful parts of a sentence |
They're like the constituents that make up a senator's district. They are the stitching that holds a sentence together. |
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noun phrase |
a constituent that contains a noun and all modifiers attached to it
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"The man with de tan PP" It's a noun phrase in itself, if you think about it. NP = Det A N PP |
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verb phrase |
the predicate; a constituent that contains a verb and the nouns and prepositions attached to it
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"No Person has that PP" VP = NP PP |
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direct object |
a noun phrase that is immediately dominated by a verb phrase |
The D.O. is immediately dominated by the VP (vice president). |
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transitive verb
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require a direct object |
Transgenders are looking to change their appearance. |
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intransitive verb |
can't have a direct object (in literal usage, at least) |
The opposite of transitive verb. |
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oblique noun phrase |
the object of a preposition |
The heroes looked with despair at the bleak future of their world. |
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possessor noun phrase |
entities showing possession |
posssssessssssor 's |
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auxiliary verb |
a helping verb that is used in conjunction with another verb for contrast, emphasis, or moved to the front of the sentence to form a yes/no question |
Will will ever be considered more than a supporting, auxiliary verb? No, will won't. |
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yes/no question movement |
the auxiliary moves to the place preceding the noun phrase in the sentence |
The answer will be yes. Will it, though? |
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WH- question movement
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the WH- question word is moved to the front of the sentence and the auxiliary now precedes the noun phrase |
A WH- question movement is what? What is a WH- question movement? |
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echo question |
replacing the object of a sentence with a WH- question word |
You're replacing what with a question word? The answer just sounds like an echo. |
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embedded clause |
when a sentence has two clauses, the clause that occupies the spot of the subject or the object
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An embedded clause can be go to bed in a spot and then be tucked in, with only a pronoun visible in its place. |
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complementizer; subordinating conjunction |
"that" when used in the sense of embedding a clause |
The Completmetizer sounds like the name of a ridiculous device that's like a sleep ray gun: it can instantly put an clause to bed. |
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relative clause |
indicating a clause with a related subject in the same sentence; introduced by words who, whom, whose, which, or that
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A relative clause is a clause which has a related subject to the sentence at hand. |
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active structure |
the agent of the verb is placed in the subject position |
He's an active agent, that's for sure.
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passive structure |
the object of the verb is placed in the subject position |
He was passed off as the main subject, since we couldn't even find the real subject! |
