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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
6 general liver functions:
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"Excretory/detoxification (in bile)
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General examples of substances stored in liver
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vitamin K, iron, copper, fat soluble vitamins, glycogen
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Examples of substances synthesized in liver
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albumin, alpha I antitrypsin; proteins of coagulation cascade (fibrinogen, prothrombin, VIII,IX, X, XI, and Xli), bile
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Liver failure becomes apparent when _______ of liver is destroyed or dysfunctional
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80%
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"
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"Ast (aspartate amlno-transterase) and
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7 general signs of liver failure:
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"Jaundice, Hypoalbumenernia, Hepatorenal syndrome, Portal hypertension, Encephalopathy, Endocrine abnormalities, coagulopathy
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Encephalopathy I liver failure is due to the failure of the liver to remover _________ from the .
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ammonia
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"
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"Inflammation, Degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis
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2 major functions of hepatic bile
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"elimination of bilirubrin and cholesterol
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_______ occurs if bilirubin levels are greater than _______mg/dl.
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Jaundice, 1.2
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"
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2.0-3.0 mg/dl.
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Jaundice is best recognized in the __________.
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sclera
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"
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"Conjugated bilirubin
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Which type of bilirubin is tightly bound to albumin?
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Unconjugated bilirubin:
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Which type of bilirubin is water soluble?
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Conjugated bilirubin
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Which type of bilirubin can be excreted in ?
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conjugated
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Conjugation of bilirubin takes place where?
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Liver --No Eric, it is not the breast
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"
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Unconjugated, hemolysis
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A manifestation of Gilbert's disease is:
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Prehepatic Jaundice
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Hepatic Jaundice is seen under what general conditions?
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viral or -induced hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, tumors, and cirrhosis
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T/F Hepatic Jaundice is associated with a buildup of conjugated bilirubin only.
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False: It is mixed conjugated and unconjugated
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Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is manifest in what condition?
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post-hepatic jaundice
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post-hepatic jaundice is seen in _________ disorders such as gallstones, tumors of bile ducts, pancreas, or duodenum
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obstructive
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_________ is the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin (usually> 20 mg/dl) in the brain causing severe neurologic damage
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Kernicterus
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Kernicterus can be seen in this condition that affects infants:
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hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)
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"
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"2. Impaired/decreased conjugation
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"
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"Jaundice resulting from Predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia:
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Additional causes of jaundice:
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"antifungals, high amounts of beta-carotene, medications
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"
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"A. chronic liver disease --> cirrhosis
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Elevated ammonia levels in the from liver failure that lead to disturbances in consciousness ranging from behavioral abnormalities to coma is called:
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hepatic encephalopathy
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Hepatorenal syndrome:
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liver fails--> kidneys fail drop in output, increase in urea nitrogen/creatine levels (in end-stage liver disease)
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______ is synonymous with end-stage liver disease
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Cirrhosis
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T/F Cirrhosis is among the top ten causes of I western society.
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TRUE
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"
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"60% from alcohol abuse
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Cirrhosis may take one to ___ years to develop.
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20
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What is the major pathologic process that accompanies cirrhosis?
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"progressive fibrosis (regenerative firm nodular surface)
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"
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"Necrosis of liver cells
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"
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"portal cirrhosis
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"
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portal hypertension
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"
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"A. True
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"
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"A. True
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"
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formation of anastamoses (shunts) between the portal and systemic circulation (a result of portal hypertension)
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"
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"• Viral hepatitis
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• Necrosis of hepatocytes (councilman bodies) are shrunken eosinophilic apoptotic anuclear fragments of hepatocytes)"
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"Morphologic changes seen with viral hepatitis
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• Hepatitis B— ground glass hepatocytes— due to accumulation of HBsAg; sanded nuclei due to abundant HBcAg"
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"Morphologic changes seen with viral hepatitis
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With viral hepatitis, what is the timeline established for acute vs. chronic infection?
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"acute = resolves within 6 months
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1 in __ patients is a carrier"
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"4 million
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"
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Dark
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characteristics of fulminant hepatitis include:
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"severe acute iiver damage, encephalopathy, coaguiopathy with high risk of approaching 80%
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fulminant hepatitis develops within _____ weeks of the onset of liver disease.
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8
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"
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"Jaundice of skin and eyes
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• donations not screened for Hepatitis A"
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"Hepatits A:
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• Can remain infective on operatory surfaces up to 7 days, cold sterilization ineffective"
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"Hepatitis B
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•9 documented cases of transmission from dental provider to patient over past 30 years"
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"Hepatitis B
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