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214 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DEXAMETHASONE Class
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Steroid
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DEXAMETHASONE Mechanism of Action
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prevents accumulation of inflammatory cells at sites of infection or injury.
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DEXAMETHASONE Indications
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cerebral edema, anaphylaxis, asthma and COPD
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DEXAMETHASONE Contraindications
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None in the emergency setting.
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DEXAMETHASONE Side Effects
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Moon face swelling, water retension.
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DEXAMETHASONE Dosage
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4 - 20mg IV
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DEXAMETHASONE Special Considerations
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Avoid SC injection; atrophy and sterile abscesses may occur.
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DEXAMETHASONE Trade Name
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Decadron
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DIAZEPAM Trade Name
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Valium
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DIAZEPAM Class
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Anti-convulsant
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DIAZEPAM Mechanism of Action
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Intensifies activity of gamma-aminobenzoic acid (GABA), by interfering with its reuptake and promoting its accumulation at neuronal synapses
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DIAZEPAM Indications
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Seizure activity
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DIAZEPAM Contraindications
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CNS depression
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DIAZEPAM Side Effects
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Respiratory depression
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DIAZEPAM Dosage
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5 - 10mg IV slow
10 - 20mg IM |
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DIAZEPAM Special Considerations
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Due to short half-life, seizue activity may recur.
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KETOROLAC Class
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NSAID
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KETOROLAC Trade Name
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Toradol
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KETOROLAC Mechanism of Action
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Inhibits protaglandin synthesis decreasing swelling and pain
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KETOROLAC Indications
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Mild to moderate
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KETOROLAC Contraindications
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Avtive G.I. Bleeding
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KETOROLAC Side Effects
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G.I. irratability
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KETOROLAC Dosage
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30mg IV, 60mg IM
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KETOROLAC Special Considerations
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Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Ketorolac decreases platelet aggregation and thus may prolong bleeding
time |
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MIDAZOLAM Class
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Anti-convulsant
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MIDAZOLAM Trade Name
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Versed
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MIDAZOLAM Mechanism of Action
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Intensifies activity of gamma-aminobenzoic acid (GABA), by interfering with its reuptake and promoting its accumulation at neuronal synapses
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MIDAZOLAM Indications
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Rapid sequence induction (RSI), sedation, cardio conversion
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MIDAZOLAM Contraindications
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CNS depression
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MIDAZOLAM Side Effects
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Respiratory depression
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MIDAZOLAM Dosage
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.02mg/kg up to 5mg max dosage
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MIDAZOLAM Special Considerations
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During IV infusion, inspect injection site for redness, pain,swelling, and other signs of extravasation.
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MEPERIDINE Trade Name
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Demerol
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MEPERIDINE Class
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Narcotic Analgesic
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MEPERIDINE Mechanism of Action
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Stimulates opioid receptor sites, decreasing sensitivity to pain
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MEPERIDINE Indications
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Moderate to severe pain
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MEPERIDINE Contraindications
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Abdominal pain, head injury
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MEPERIDINE Side Effects
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Respiratory depression
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MEPERIDINE Dosage
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50mg IV, 100mg IM
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MEPERIDINE Special Considerations
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Pregnancy Category B
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MORPHINE Trade Name
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MS Contin
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MORPHINE Class
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Narcotic Analgesic
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MORPHINE Mechanism of Action
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Stimulates opioid receptor sites, decreasing sensitivity to pain
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MORPHINE Indications
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Severe pain, MI
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MORPHINE Contraindications
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Abdominal pain, head injury
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MORPHINE Side Effects
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Respiratory depression
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MORPHINE Dosage
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2mg/min up to 10mg max dosage
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MORPHINE Special considerations
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Pregnancy Category B
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NITROUS OXIDE Trade Name
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Nitronox
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NITROUS OXIDE Class
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Analgesic gas
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NITROUS OXIDE Mechanism of Action
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Decreases sensation of pain
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NITROUS OXIDE Indications
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Mild pain, acute anxiety
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NITROUS OXIDE Contraindications
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Intoxication, COPD, altered LOC
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NITROUS OXIDE Side Effects
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Hypotension
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NITROUS OXIDE Dosage
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PRN
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NITROUS OXIDE Special considerations
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Only use nitrous oxide in areas
that are well ventilated. |
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PANCURONIUM Trade Name
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Pavulon
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PANCURONIUM Class
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
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PANCURONIUM Mechanism of Action
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Blocks ACH receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis
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PANCURONIUM Indications
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To facilitate endotracheal intubation
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PANCURONIUM Contraindications
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Inability to control airway
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PANCURONIUM Side Effects
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Transient hypotension
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PANCURONIUM Dosage
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0.1mg/kg IV slow
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PANCURONIUM Special Considerations
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Pregnancy Category C
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VECURONIUM Trade Name
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Norcuron
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VECURONIUM Class
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
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VECURONIUM Mechanism of Action
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Blocks ACH receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis
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VECURONIUM Indications
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To facilitate endotracheal intubation
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VECURONIUM Contraindications
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Inability to control airway
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VECURONIUM Side Effects
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Transient hypotension
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VECURONIUM Dosage
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0.1mg/kg IV slow
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VECURONIUM Special Considerations
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Pregnancy Category C
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Trade Name
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Anectine
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Class
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Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Mechanism of Action
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Mimics ACH at the neuromuscular junction causing constant muscle contractions
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Indications
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To facilitate endotracheal intubation.
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Contraindications
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Inability to control airway
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Side Effects
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Hypotension, respiratory depression
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Dosage
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1 - 2 mg/kg
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Special Considerations
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Rapid action, short term. Premedication with lidocaine will prevent dysrhythmias
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MANNITOL Trade Name
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Osmitrol
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MANNITOL Class
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Osmotic diuretic
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MANNITOL Mechanism of Action
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Increases intravascular volume through osmosis due to its high molecular weight
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MANNITOL Indications
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Cerebral edema
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MANNITOL Contraindications
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Chronic renal failure, cerebral hemorrhage
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MANNITOL Side Effects
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excessive urination
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MANNITOL Dosage
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1g/kg
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MANNITOL Special Considerations
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Very thick, use 14 gauge needles. Pregnancy category C
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ADENOSINE Trade Name
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Adenocard
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ADENOSINE Class
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Antidysrhythmic
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ADENOSINE Mechanism of Action
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Slows SVT by decreasing electrical conduction through the AV node without causing negative inotropic effects
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ADENOSINE Indications
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Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)
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ADENOSINE Contraindications
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A-Fib, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block
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ADENOSINE Side Effects
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Transient Asystole, transient chest pain
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ADENOSINE Special considerations
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Very short half-life of about 10 seconds.
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AMIODARONE Trade Name
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Cordarone
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AMIODARONE Class
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Antidysrhythmic
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AMIODARONE Mechanism of Action
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decreases excitability and sensitivity of the heart, causing negative dromotropism.
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AMIODARONE Indications
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All dysrhythmias
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AMIODARONE Contraindications
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Heart block
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AMIODARONE Side Effects
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Hypotension
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AMIODARONE Special Considerations
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Do not shake medication before using
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ASPIRIN Trade Name
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St Joseph Children’s
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ASPIRIN Class
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Analgesic, Anti-platelet
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ASPIRIN Mechanism of Action
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Inhibits prostoglandin systhesis and platelet aggregation
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ASPIRIN Indications
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chest pain
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ASPIRIN Contraindications
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G.I. Bleed
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ASPIRIN Side effects
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upset stomach
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ASPIRIN Special Considerations
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Gastric irritation may be minimized by administering with
a full glass of water (240 mL), or with milk, food, or antacid |
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ATROPINE Trade Name
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Atropine
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ATROPINE Class
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Parasympatholytic
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ATROPINE Mechanism of Action
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selectively blocks all muscarinic responses to
acetylcholine (ACh) causing a decrease in Parasympathetic response (SLUDGE) |
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ATROPINE Indications
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Bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning
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ATROPINE Contraindications
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None in emergency situations
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ATROPINE Side Effects
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Tachycardia
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ATROPINE Special Considerations
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Atropine is indicated only after
oxygen and epinephrine fail. |
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BRETYLIUM Trade Name
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Bretylol
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BRETYLIUM Class
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Antidysrhythmic
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BRETYLIUM Mechanism of Action
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Causes a release of norepinephrine, depresses v-fib and v-tach by blocking adrenergic receptor sites
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BRETYLIUM Indications
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v-fib, v-tach
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BRETYLIUM Contraindications
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none in life threatening dysrhythmias
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BRETYLIUM Side Effects
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transite hypertension
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BRETYLIUM Special Considerations
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Bretylium has been removed from ACLS algorithms
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DILTIAZEM Trade name
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Cardizem
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DILTIAZEM Class
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Calcium channel blocker
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DILTIAZEM Mechanism of Action
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Inhibits calcium ION influx during depolarization causing negative dromotropism
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DILTIAZEM Indications
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SVT, A-fib, unstable angina
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DILTIAZEM Contraindications
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2nd or 3rd degree heart block, BP < 90 systolic
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DILTIAZEM Side Effects
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Hypotension, bradycardia
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DILTIAZEM Special Considerations
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Calcium chloride can be used in overdose situations.
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DOPAMINE Trade Name
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Intropin
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DOPAMINE Class
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Sympathomimetic
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DOPAMINE Mechanism of Action
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Acts on dopaminergic receptors causing renal, mesenteric and cerebral vasodialation.
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DOPAMINE Indications
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Cardiogenic shock
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DOPAMINE Contraindications
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Hypovolemic shock
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DOPAMINE Side Effects
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Hypertension
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DOPAMINE Special Considerations
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Pregnancy catagory C
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EPINEPHRINE Trade Name
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Adrenaline
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EPINEPHRINE Class
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Sympathomimetic
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EPINEPHRINE Mechanism of Action
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Acts directly on both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, imitating actions of the sympathetic nervous system
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EPINEPHRINE Indications
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Anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest
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EPINEPHRINE Contraindications
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cardiogenic shock
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EPINEPHRINE Side Effects
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Transient dysrhythmias
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EPINEPHRINE Special Considerations
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Pregnancy Category C
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FUROSEMIDE Trade Name
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Lasix
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FUROSEMIDE Class
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Loop diuretic
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FUROSEMIDE Mechanism of Action
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Inhibits reabsorbtion of sodium chloride in the proximal tubule and loop of henle
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FUROSEMIDE Indication
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Pulmonary edema, CHF
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FUROSEMIDE Contraindications
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Chronic renal failure, hypovolemia
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FUROSEMIDE Side effects
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Dehydration, hypotension
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FUROSEMIDE Special Considerations
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Pregnancy Category C
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ISOPROTERENOL Trade Name
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Isuprel
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ISOPROTERENOL Class
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Sympathomimetic
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ISOPROTERENOL Mechanism of Action
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stimulation of beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors, causing positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
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ISOPROTERENOL Indications
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Bradycardia
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ISOPROTERENOL Contraindications
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Cardiogenic shock
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ISOPROTERENOL Side Effects
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Tachycardia
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ISOPROTERENOL Special Considerations
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Can potentially cause
cardiac toxicity |
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LABETALOL Trade Name
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Trandate
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LABETALOL Class
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Beta Blocker
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LABETALOL Mechanism of Action
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Adrenergic-receptor blocking agent that combines selective alpha activity and nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking actions
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LABETALOL Indications
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Acute hypertensive crisis
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LABETALOL Contraindications
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Asthma
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LABETALOL Side Effects
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Hypotension
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LABETALOL Special Considerations
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Do not use with IV calcium channel blockers.
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LIDOCAINE Trade Name
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Xylocaine
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LIDOCAINE Class
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Antidysrhythmic
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LIDOCAINE Mechanism of Action
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Negative dromotropism, decreases sensitivy
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LIDOCAINE Indications
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V-tach, V-fib, PVCs
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LIDOCAINE Contraindications
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Bradycardia, heart block
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LIDOCAINE Side Effects
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Hypotension, toxicity
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LIDOCAINE Special Considerations
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Also used as a local anesthetic
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NITROGLYCERIN Trade Name
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Nitrostat
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NITROGLYCERIN Class
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Nitrate
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NITROGLYCERIN Mechanism of Action
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Decreases load on heart through arterial vasodilation,
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NITROGLYCERIN Indications
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Angina, MI
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NITROGLYCERIN Contraindications
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BP<90, recent viagra use
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NITROGLYCERIN Side Effects
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Hypotension, tachycardia
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NITROGLYCERIN Special Considerations
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Do not expose to light, do not handle without gloves
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NOREPINEPHRINE Trade Name
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Levophed
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NOREPINEPHRINE Class
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Sympathomimetic
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NOREPINEPHRINE Mechanism of Action
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A potent vasoconstrictor, alpha1 and beta1 agonist.
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NOREPINEPHRINE Indications
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Cardiogenic shock, neurogenic shock
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NOREPINEPHRINE Contraindications
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Hypotension, hypovolemia
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NOREPINEPHRINE Side Effects
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Hypertension
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NOREPINEPHRINE Special Considerations
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Avoid extravasation as tissue necrosis may occur, last line drug to maintain perfusion
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PROCAINAMIDE Trade Name
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Pronestyl
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PROCAINAMIDE Class
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Antidysrhythmic
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PROCAINAMIDE Mechanism of Action
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Causes negative dromotrope by depressing the excitability of the myocardium to electrical stimulation
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PROCAINAMIDE Indications
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ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
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PROCAINAMIDE Contraindications
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Heart block
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PROCAINAMIDE Side Effects
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Hypotension
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PROCAINAMIDE Special Considerations
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Discontinue when QRS complex widened (greater than 50%)or BP drops 15 mm Hg or more.
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PROPRANOLOL Trade Name
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Inderal
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PROPRANOLOL Class
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Beta blocker
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PROPRANOLOL Mechanism of Action
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blocks cardiac
effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation; as a result, reduces heart rate, myocardial irritability and force of contraction |
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PROPRANOLOL Indications
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Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
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PROPRANOLOL Contraindications
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Heart Block
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PROPRANOLOL Side Effects
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bradycardia, Visual disturbances, impotence
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PROPRANOLOL Special Considerations
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Use glucogon as treatment for overdose
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VASOPRESSIN Trade Name
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Pitressin
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VASOPRESSIN Class
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Hormone
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VASOPRESSIN Mechanism of Action
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Vasopressin produces concentrated urine by increasing tubular reabsorption of
water (ADH activity) |
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VASOPRESSIN Indications
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To increase peripheral vascular resistance during CPR
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VASOPRESSIN Contraindications
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chronic nephritis accompanied by
nitrogen retention |
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VASOPRESSIN Side Effects
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hypertension, bradycardia
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VASOPRESSIN Special Considerations
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It may be useful in septic shock
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VERAPAMIL Trade Name
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Calan
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VERAPAMIL Class
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Calcium channel blocker
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VERAPAMIL Mechanism of Action
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Inhibits calcium ION influx during depolarization causing negative dromotropism
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VERAPAMIL Indications
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SVT, A-fib, unstable angina
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VERAPAMIL Contraindications
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2nd or 3rd degree heart block, BP < 90 systolic
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VERAPAMIL Side Effects
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Hypotension, bradycardia
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VERAPAMIL Special Considerations
|
Transient asymptomatic hypotension may accompany IV
bolus |
