Management Quiz - Chapter 2

-many jobs were manual labor agriculture jobs

-after the industrial revolution, the work place changed in that everyone was working under one roof and needed more and better management practices

- used motion study to simplify work, improve productivity, and reduce the level of effort

- motion study: broke each task or job down into separate motions and then eliminated the unnecessary

- used time study to put soldiering to and end and to determine what was a "fair days work"

- time study: timing a "first class man" to complete each part of his job to make a standardized time

-X employees: dislike and avoid work, have little ambition, and shun responsibility

-Y employees: naturally expend effort, accept and seek responsibility, have creative capacities, and have high level of needs

-best know for cooperating and acceptance authority

- organization: system of consciously coordinated activities or forces created by two or more ppl

-People will be indifferent to management directives if they are...

1. understood

2. consistent with the purpose of the organizations

3. compatible with the people's personal interests

4. can actually be carried out by the employees

- contingency management: there are no universal management theories and that the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place

- to better consult situations managers need to analyze past contingency situations, and employees before taking direct action (learn how to manage chaos)

- scientific management: thoroughly studying and testing different work methods to identify the best and most efficient way to complete a job

- Taylor's 4 Principles

1. develop a science for each elements of a man's work

2. select and then train,teach, and develop the workman

3. cooperate with employees to ensure all work is being done in accordance with the sciences that have been developed

4. make sure to have an equal amount of work between employees and management

1. division of work: increase production by dividing up work

2. authority and responsibility: managers have the right to give orders without abusing authority

3. discipline: clearly defined rules and behaviors

4. unity of command: to avoid confusion and conflict each employee reports to a boss

5. unity of direction: one person and one place are used to determine and organizations path

6. Subordinations of Individual Interests to the general Interests: employees put organizations interests before their own

7. Remuneration: compensation should be fair to employees (salary)

8. Centralization: avoid centralization and decentralization (strike a balance to involve employees)

9. Scalar Chain: there is simply a hierarchy of authority and communication

10. Order: no overlapping responsibilities

11. Equity: kind, fair, and just treatment for all

12. Stability of Tenure: lower turnover and more stable work conditions

13. Initiative: managers need to encourage creative initiative to develop new products and ideas.

14. Esprit De Corps: develop a strong unity of morals to encourages coordination in efforts

- bureaucracy: exercise the control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience

- Qualification based hiring: employees are hired on the basis of their technical training or educational background

- Merit based Promotion: promotion is based on experience or achievement

- Chain of Command: each job entails a hierarchy command

- Division of Labor: tasks, responsibilities, and authority are clearly divided and defined

- Impartial application of Rules and Procedures: rules and procedures apply to all members in the organization

- Recorded in Writing: all administrative decisions, acts, and rules are recorded in writing

- Managers separate from Owners: owners of the organization shouldn't manage it

- developed through 2 different studies that the workplace is more complex than previously thought

- Test 1: Relay Test Assembly Room: productivity increased due to employee attention

- Test 2: Banking Wiring Room: productivity decreased due to the team had been working for some time and consented toward a lower "fair days work"

- organizations are much more complex in today's world

- System Approach: set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole (encourages manager to complicate their thinking by connecting part of the organization)

- System----> subsystem: smaller systems that work together in the context of the larger system

- Subsystem ----> Synergy: when two or more subsystems work together and produce more (1 + 1 = 3)

- Closed System: system that can sustain themselves without interacting in their environment (very few closed system organizations)

- Open System: systems can sustain themselves only by interacting with others in their environments (nearly all organizations are open)

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