Marriage And Fam Test 3 Chapter 11

Parents

• Women tend to decrease workforce participation with each additional child

• Men's participation is only slightly affected

• 50

• One has to spend with his/her fam

• Being overworked

• Bifurcation of working time

Some workers work longer days and weeks and others work fewer hours than they need or want

Few or no hours

Time strains

They do not feel that they have or spend enough time in certain roles or relationship

Differently by men and women

• work has an impact on fams. It absorbs time and energy and impacts psychological states

• this negative spillover is more often reported by _________ in particular

• the emotional climate of home life and affect morale and performance in the workplace (both positively and negatively

Occurs when the statuses and positions we occupy contain competing, contradictory, or simultaneous role expectations

Occurs when the demands attached to particular status are contradictory or incompatible

Occurs when all the roles we occupy require more than we can give and we are drowning in what is expected of us

Occurs when the emotional state of a worker becomes that up their spouse/partner and can be positive or negative emotions (i.e. stress vs. excitement

• Direct: empathy of one partner by the other

• indirect: conflict caused by spill over

Dividing the family's labor

• Age and gender• family functioning

• man as the breadwinner

• woman as the caregiver in the home

Traditional families

Gender ideologies

Beliefs about what men and women ought to do

• Good provider equated to a good husband

• Main source of identity

• perform household maintenance (repairs, mowing the lawn, etc.)

• Any other household labor is considered "helping" their partner

• if both spouses hold the traditional gender ideologies then this division of work is...

Traditional beliefs about what men and women should do

• expected to perform _________, even if she is employed outside of the home

• Oakley's primary aspects of the homemaker role

• delegated exclusively to women

• economically dependent

• distinct from "real" (paid) work

• most important female role

• early American families were co-provider families (economic Partnerships dependent on both husband and the wife)

• women may not have had equal economic rights, but they were equally valued as productive family members

Care for children and maintain family life

Single women

• increases in the #s of single mothers, resulting from increasing divorce rates and births to unmarried women

• increases in women's educational attainment

• Pro-employment messages and the equal opportunities emphasis on the women's movement

• better job opportunities for women

• decline in men's wages and the reduced ability to support families on one income

• single mothers must provide for their fams • 2 incomes are required to maintain a standardized of living• Women may find social support, recognition, and appreciation @ work they don't find at home• when asked, more women would prefer to work outside the home

•Leave work

• when fam demands increase, women are more likely than men to cut back hours to meet those demands

A resume of changes in the economy which requires 2 incomes in order to maintain a decent standard of living

Distinguish by both partners desiring high achievement, gender equality, and performing up to their abilities, rather than just providing 2 incomes

Be sacrificed for the other

They are employed in the labor force

A more equal division of labor

Marriage

• Men do more housework and child care than in the past, but their rates are still lower than that of women

• They tend to do more work if their wives earn more money and have a higher education

Tasks that generate and maintain successful relationships and families

• Confiding innermost feelings

• Bringing partner out of bad mood

• Praising partner

• Suggesting solutions to relationship probs

• discussing relationship probs

• Initiate "talking things over"

• Moniter partner to address disturbances

• child care

Time spent in direct interaction with children

Parent is available (in the same location) to the child but not in direct interaction

engagement and accessibility

• Mothers tend to be more active parents than fathers

• Fathers tend to be more involved with sons rather than daughters, younger rather than older kids, and first-born rather than later-borns

The process of worrying, seeking, and processing info, and managing the division of care in the household

Employed wives exert more power than non-employed wives

• Women tend to be more satisfied with their marraiges and desire sex more often if their husbands do more household labor

• The risk of divorce is also lower for these couples

1. Changes in the economy

2. Changes in demographics

3. Changes in technology

Couples who structure their lives and work into a turn -taking, alternating system of paid work and family work

Lower marital satisfaction, more distress, and increased rate of divorce

• They save money on child care

• A parent is always with the children

• there is Increased opportunity for higher wages

• "Equitable"

• household chores

• take concerns of fairness into account when they structure each aspect of their relationship

The trappings of traditional marriages

Role reversal

• Disability, unemployment, retirement, or school

• Care for the home

These couples may earn less money, but spend less on child care

At-home fathers may become a curiosity and become visible in their domestic role, compared to invisible traditional housewives

Men don't take over housework to the extent that women do, but they are likely to share or do most of the domestic work

* High levels of empathy, communication, and appreciation have been found

Father's develop much closer relationships with their kids than they would most likely have otherwise

This often results in a shuffling of priorities and the construction of a new social identity for both men and women

• Women earn, on avg., 82.2% of what men earn

• This is largely due to the occupational differences wherein male-dominated jobs tend to pay more

•Unwanted sexual advances and any verbal or physical conduct as a condition of employment

• Hostile environment (definition on next card)

Acting in sexual ways to interfere with a person's performance by creating a hostile or offensive environment

In home, daycare centers, with relatives, or in nursery schools

School and after-school programs