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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What structure is necessary for a bone to grow in length?
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Epiphyseal Cartilage
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Which of these forms by intramembranous bone formation?
A) Carpal Bones B) Mandible C) Humerus D) Long Bones |
Mandible
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Endochondral bone development begins with the formation of a(n) ________________.
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Cartilage Model
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Migration of blood vessels into the central region of the cartilage bone model, starting bone development, occurs at which site?
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Primary Ossification Center
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Migration of osteoblasts in the ____________ creates the ____________.
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Epiphysis; Secondary Ossification Center
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If osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts, bones may become ____________.
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Denser, thicker, and/or stronger
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Which types of cell plays a role in bone remodeling?
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Osteocytes, osteoclasts, AND osteoblands
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Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
A) Calcitonin B) Thyroid Hormones C) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) D) Calcitriol |
Calcitonin
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PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
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Calcitriol
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Which of the following would NOT be a way that Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels?
A) Increase osteoclasts B) Increase osteoblasts on bone C) Increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney |
Increase osteoblasts on bone
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Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
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calcitriol
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Which of these factors does NOT contribute significantly to normal bone formation?
A) Potassium intake B) Growth hormone C) Exercise D) Calcium intake |
Potassium Intake
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Which of these is NOT required for normal bone formation?
A) Vitamin E B) Vitamin A C) Vitamin D) D) thyroid hormone |
Vitamin E
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Calcitriol is required for ___________.
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absorbing dietary calcium and phosphate
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Parathyroid hormone causes what response in the kidneys?
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retention of calcium ions
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A drop in blood calcium levels stimulates the secretion of __________.
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Parathyroid hormone
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Roughly what portion of the body's total calcium content is deposited in the skeleton?
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99%
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What is normally found at a fracture hematoma?
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dead bone, blood clot, and bone fragments
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When a fractured bone heals it leaves a thickened region known as a ___________.
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callus
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In a ___________ fracture, the broken bone penetrates through the skin
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compound
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Which of the following is formed immediately after a fracture?
A) External callus B) Spongy bone C) Internal callus D) Hematoma |
Hematoma
(Bleeding occurs over several hours, resulting in a blood clot.) |
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A bone scan of an older patient revealed the beginnings of osteoporosis. Which of these interventions is NOT recommended?
A) Bed rest B) Calcium supplements C) Vitamin D supplements D) Vitamin C supplements |
Bed Rest
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Where is a sesamoid bone most often found?
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Near joints at the knee, hands, and the feet
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Bones forming the roof of the skull and the scapula are referred to as __________.
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Flat bones
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Which of the following vitamins is NOT important in bone growth and maintenance?
A) Vitamin D3 B) Vitamin B12 C) Vitamin B3 D) Vitamin C |
Vitamin B12
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Which of the following bones is accurately described as an irregular bone?
A) Metacarpal bone B) Patella C) Vertebra D) Radius E) Rib |
Vertebra
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Which of the following statements about rickets is FALSE?
A) Long bones, such as the femur, tend to bow laterally because they are unable to bear the weight of the torso and upper body. B) Bones are poorly mineralized, leading to increased flexibility of the bone structures. C) A deficiency of vitamin D3 causes rickets. D) Increasing the level of vitamin C in the diet is sufficient to treat rickets. |
Increasing the level of vitamin C in the diet is
sufficient to treat rickets. |
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One function of bone is to produce red and white blood cells. These cells are made in what substance in bone?
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Red Marrow
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Which of the following is an example of extrinsic regulation?
A) The nervous system stimulates the heart to beat faster during exercise. B) Tissues release chemicals to increase blood flow to their cells. C) Blood vessels release chemicals to increase platelet aggregation. D) The brain maintains its own blood pressure by controlling the diameter of its blood vessels. |
The nervous system stimulates the heart to beat
faster during exercise. |
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The outer surface of the bone, the periosteum __________.
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1. Provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply
2. Actively participates in bone growth and repair 3. Isolates the bone from surrounding tissues |
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The patella is an example of a ________ bone.
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sesamoid
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Darcy wrecks her bike and experiences a break in the distal portion of her radius, which now projects out of her skin. Which type of fracture does she have?
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an open Colles' fracture
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A vertebra is an example of a(n) __________ bone.
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irregular
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Which of these fracture types is INCORRECTLY described?
A) Compression fracture: only one side of the shaft is broken; the other is bent. B) Comminuted fracture: bone shatters into many fragments. C) transverse fracture: break is in the shaft of a bone across its long axis. D) Pott's fracture: break is in both bones of the lower leg at the ankle. |
Compression fracture: only one side of the shaft is
broken; the other is bent. |
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Which vitamins are specifically required for normal bone growth?
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Vitamins A, C, and D
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One of the basic histological differences between compact and spongy bone is that in compact bone, ________.
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the basic functional unit is the osteon, or Haversian system
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Fractures that shatter the bone into many small fragments are called ______ fractures.
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Comminuted
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The type of fracture that occurs in vertebrae subject to extreme stresses is a ______ fracture.
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Compression
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Which of the following is NOT associated with bone?
A) Chondrocyte B) Osteocyte C) Canaliculus D) periosteum |
chondrocyte (associated with cartilage instead)
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The patella is an example of a __________ bone.
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sesamoid
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Pott's fracture is identified primarily by ________.
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a break in both lower leg bones at the ankle
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Bone cells found in the lacunae within the matrix are called __________.
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osteocytes
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Which of these is NOT part of the skeletal system?
A) Cartilage B) Bones C) Tendons D) Ligaments |
Tendons
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Which of the following functions of the skeletal system is most affected by gravity?
A) Lipid Storage B) Blood Cell Production C) Protection of Internal Organs D) Body Support |
Body Support
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Which of these is a primary role of the skeletal system?
A) Muscle Attachment Site B) Calcium homeostasis C) leverage D) All of these are primary roles of the skeletal system |
All of these are primary roles of the skeletal system
(Muscle attachment site, calcium homeostasis, leverage) |
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Osteoblasts differentiate from __________.
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Osteoprogenitor cells
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Osteoblasts are squamous cells that develop into ___________.
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Osteocytes
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Which of the following characteristics applies to the cells known as osteoclasts?
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The cells dissolve matrix.
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__________ function to break down bone for release of calcium.
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Osteoclasts
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Spongy bone comprises an open meshwork of osseous spicules called __________.
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Trabeculae
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The type of bone that forms the diaphysis of a long bone is called __________ bone.
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Compact
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Spongy bone is filled with ____________.
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red marrow
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During endochondral bone formation, the primary ossification center is located in the __________.
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Diaphysis
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