Mastering Biology Chpater 4

A measure of the smallest distance that distinguishes two individual objects is the

In biology, we call the basic unit of life the ________.

Photosynthetic membrane systems and mesosomes are internal membrane components of

certain organisms termed ________.

The light microscope has glass lenses for focusing light (photons) for imaging, whereas the electron microscope has ________(BLANK) for focusing electrons for imaging.

Membranous cellular subsystems are termed ________.

(BLANK)

________ is the process whereby light energy is converted into chemical bonds

The ________ (BLANK)is the organelle or structure with the most lipid membrane in eukaryotic

cells.

The ________ (BLANK)is an organelle that serves as a sort of "postal depot" where some of the

proteins synthesized on ribosomes and rough ER are processed.

RNA carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. To get from the nucleoplasm to the cytoplasm, RNA must

pass through ________.

All organisms are composed of cells; all cells come from preexisting cells. These

statements are called ________.

When you cut an orange in half, you ________

(BLANK)the surface area-to-volume ratio.

The DNA in a prokaryotic cell can be found in the ________ (BLANK)region.

The ________(BLANK)of some bacteria help them avoid being detected by the human immune

system.

The meshwork of intermediate filaments found on the interior surface of the nuclear

membrane is called the ________.

Steroids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and carbohydrates are synthesized in the ________.

The side of the Golgi facing the ER is the ________.

The substances that enter the Golgi come from the ________.

Toxic peroxides that are unavoidably formed as side products of important cellular

reactions are found and neutralized in ________.

The ________(BLANK) is the cytoskeletal component with the smallest diameter.

Keratin is classified as an ________(BLANK) type of filament.

The surface area to volume ratio of an object can be decreased by

What must cells do in order to survive?

Cholesterol is synthesized by

Examples of cellular "appendages" include

Roles of biological membranes in eukaryotic cells include which of the functions listed

below?

A) Trafficking of molecules.

B) Serving as staging areas for cellular interaction.

C) Mediating adhesion-recognition reactions between cells.

D) Participating in energy transformations E) All of the above

The utilization of "food" in the mitochondria, with the associated formation of ATP, is

termed

The DNA of mitochondria is located in the

The DNA of a chloroplast is located in the

Components of chloroplasts include

The cell is the basic unit of function and reproduction because

What is the major distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

A) A plasma membrane B) A nuclear envelope C) A nucleoid D) Ribosomes E) Enzymes

All members of the kingdom Eubacteria

Ribosomes are made up of

Which of the following are found in prokaryotic cells?

A) Mitochondria

B) Chloroplasts

C) Nuclei

D) Enzymes

E) Endomembrane system

The infoldings of the plasma membrane of certain prokaryotic organisms can form which

of the following structures?

A) Photosynthetic system B) Cell wall C) Nuclear membrane D) Capsule E) Ribosome

The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the

Which structure supports the plant cell and determines its shape?

Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure called

the

If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, which of the following would you expect to

happen?

The shortest distance that can be resolved with a normal unaided eye is

Ribosomes are not visible under a light microscope, but can be seen with an electron

microscope. This is because

Using a light microscope it is possible to view cytoplasm streaming around the central vacuole in cells of the green alga Nitella. Why would you use a light microscope instead of an electron

microscope to study this process?

Which of the following is a general function of all cellular membranes?

A) They regulate which materials can cross the membrane.

B) They support the cell and determine its shape.

C) They produce energy for the cell.

D) They produce proteins for the cell.

E) They move the cell.

Which statement about the nuclear envelope is true?

A) It contains pores for the passage of large molecules.

B) It is composed of two membranes.

C) It contains ribosomes on the inner surface. D) a and b

E) All of the above

What is the purpose of the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A) They increase the volume of the mitochondrial matrix. B) They create new membrane-bounded compartments within the mitochondrion. C) They increase the surface area for the exchange of substances across the membrane. D) They anchor more of the mitochondrial DNA. E) The folds have no known purpose.

Which type of organelle is found in plants but not in animals?

Where in the cell do you not find DNA?

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

A) Animal cells do not produce chloroplasts. B) Animal cells do not have mitochondria.

C) All plant cells contain chloroplasts.

D) Plant cells do not have plastids.

E) None of the above

Which of the following is not an argument for the endosymbiotic theory?

A) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes.

B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot be grown in culture free of a host cell.

C) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes.

D) Mitochondrial ribosomes are similar to bacterial ribosomes.

E) All of the above

What is the difference between "free" and "attached" ribosomes?

The carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in

organelles called

Which is a function of a plant cell vacuole?

Microtubules are made of

The width of a typical animal cell is closest to

The smallest structure that can be clearly seen through a light microscope is

The two major types of cells are

The one type of cell always lacking a cell wall is the

A structure found only in plant cells is the

An organelle found in all eukaryotic cells during some portion of their lives is the

Ribosomes are important because they are the structures where

Chloroplasts are important because they are the structures where

An organelle consisting of a series of flattened sacks stacked somewhat like pancakes is

the

An organelle with an internal cross section showing a characteristic "9 + 2" morphology

is the

An organelle bounded by two distinct membranes is the

Chromatin is a series of entangled threads composed of

Ribosomes are not found in

The overall shape of a cell is determined by its

Structure of an animal cell, the one with the largest volume is the

Structure of a plant cell, the one that most often has the greatest volume

is the

Structure in an animal cell that will usually have the greatest number of is the

Structure that contains both a matrix and cristae is the

Light energy for conversion to chemical energy is trapped in the

Proteins that will function outside of the cytosol are made by

Cilia contain

You would not expect to find RNA in which of the following structures?

Tthe structure involved with the movement of organelles within a cell is/are the

Chloroplasts are a kind of

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C) Golgi apparatus

D) Lysosomes

E) Plastids

A prokaryotic cell does not have a

The pores found in the nuclear membrane are composed of

Starch molecules are stored inside

Some organelles in eukaryotic cells are thought to have

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that

The difference in the structure of the Golgi of plants, protists, and fungi when compared

to that of vertebrates is that the vertebrates' Golgi

Materials that enter and leave the Golgi

Proteins from the Golgi are transported to the correct location due to

A secondary lysosome is a lysosome that

Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain

Which cellular components are most important for stabilizing the shape

of an animal cell?

The surface area of some eukaryotic cells is greatly increased by

Microvilli are created by projections of

Hair and intermediate filaments are composed of

Microtubules are composed of subunits of

The usefulness of microvilli to cells possessing them is

This cellular component can be found at the base of each cilium.

The cellular structures that are most like centrioles are

What would you expect would happen if you removed a plant cell's wall and placed it

into a drop of water?

You have found a mass of cells in the sediment surrounding a thermal vent in the ocean floor. The salinity in the area is quite high. Upon microscopic examination of the cells you find no evidence of membrane-bound organelles. How would you classify this cell?

Centrifugation of a cell results in the rupture of the cell membrane and the contents compacting into a pellet in the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Bathing this pellet with a glucose solution yields metabolic activity including the production of ATP. One of the contents of this pellet is most likely which of the following?

Eukaryotic cells are thought to be derived from prokaryotic cells that underwent

phagocytosis without digestion of the phagocytized cell. This mutualistic relationship is explained by the

Though science fiction has produced stories like "The Blob," we don't see very many large single-celled organisms. Which of the following tends to limit cell size?

Microscopes are used to resolve images that cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Electron microscopes use ___(BLANK)to resolve images, whereas light microscopes use

__________(BLANK)to resolve images .

Breakdown of phagocytized material

DNA synthesis

Protein synthesis

Protein folding

Packaging of materials for export

Pigment production

Cellular respiration

Photosynthesis

Which of the following organelles are double membrane-bound?

A) Nucleus B) Chloroplast C) Mitochondrion D) All of the above

Movement of cells is accomplished in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes with which of the

following structures?

A) Cilia B) Pili C) Dynein D) Flagella

Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria and chloroplasts is true?

A) Some cells produce chloroplasts.

B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts may be found in the same cell.

C) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are not found in the same cell.

D) Chloroplasts can revert to mitochondria in certain conditions

Which of the following best describes ribosomes?

A) Ribosomes guide protein synthesis.

B) Ribosomes are found only in the nucleus or on the RER.

C) There are no ribosomes in the mitochondria. D) All of the above

Nuclear DNA exists as a complex of proteins called __________ (BLANK)that condenses into

__________(BLANK)during cellular division.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ

Which is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic animal cells?

A) Chloroplast B) Mitochondrion C) Cell wall D) Nucleus E) Ribosomes

The major factor limiting cell size is the

Which statement about mitochondria is not true?

Which statement about the endoplasmic reticulum is not true?

A) It is of two types: rough and smooth.

B) It is a network of tubes and flattened sacs.

C) It is found in all living cells.

D) Some of it is sprinkled with ribosomes. E) Parts of it modify proteins.

The Golgi apparatus

Which statement about the plant cell wall is not true?

A) Its principal chemical components are polysaccharides.

B) It lies outside the plasma membrane.

C) It provides support for the cell.

D) It completely isolates adjacent cells from one another.

E) It is semirigid.

How does the surface area-to-volume ratio of eight 3-mm cubes compare to the surface

area-to-volume ratio of one 6-mm cube?

In the eukaryotic cell, which one of the following is not a membranous compartment?

A) Nucleus B) Vacuole C) Mitochondrion D) Lysosome E) Ribosome

Which of the following

statements about the nuclear envelope is false?

A) The space between the inner and outer membranes contains the nuclear lamina. B) The inner and outer membranes are continuous. C) The nuclear pores connect the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm. D) The inner and outer membranes are standard phospholipid bilayers. E) Nucleic acids can move through the nuclear pores.

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is false?

A) Ribosomes are located within the lumen of the rough ER. B) Cells that produce a lot of protein for export are packed with ER. C) Within the rough ER, many proteins fold and assume their normal tertiary structure. D) Carbohydrates are added to proteins to produce glycoproteins in the ER. E) Chemical modification of small molecules such as drugs or pesticides occurs within

the smooth ER.

What organelle is not surrounded by a membrane?

What is not a component of the cytoskeleton?

Eukaryotic flagella

Microfilaments

Which one of the structures listed below is found in eukaryotic cells but not in

prokaryotic cells? A) Cytosol B) Ribosomes C) Internal membranes D) Internal cytoskeleton E) Cell wall