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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Robert Kosh discovered the cause of ______, a disease of animals that can be spread to humans.
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Anthrax
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Which of the following statements concerning Koch's postulated is false?
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A suspected pathogen must be found in the majority of individuals with a particular disease
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Which of the following was NOT an aspect of Pasturer's experiments to disprove spontaneous generation?
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The flasks he used were sealed with corks
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Which of the following is a particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom and has no electrical charge?
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Neutron
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The type of bond produced when atoms share electrons equally is
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a nonpolar covalent bond
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Hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent bonds
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False
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Fats, proteins, and complex carbohydrates are all produces by
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Dehydration synthesis
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All of the following bases are found in RNA molecules EXCEPT
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thymine
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All of the following are classified as macromolecules EXCEPT
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Amino Acids
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Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell?
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Mitochondrion
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A bacterial cell moving towards light would be an example of
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positive phototaxis
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If a microbiology lab technician let the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what would be the result?
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Gram positive cells would be purple, and gram negative cells would be colorless
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The Gram stain works because of differences in the _______ of bacteria
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Cell walls
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The molecules that an enzyme act upon is known as its
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Substrate
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How many ATP molecules can be produced from the NADH generated by the catabolism of a molecule of glucose?
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30
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Which of the following is classified as a membranous organelle of eukaryotic cells?
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Anabolic reactions may be characterized as
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forming large molecules from smaller molecules
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Which of the processes listed below result in the MOST ATP production within a cell?
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Electron Transport System/Chemiosmosis
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An __________ organism is one that required oxygen for growth
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Obligate aerobic
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The term barophile referred to which of the following growth requirements?
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Hydrostatic pressure
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A device that removes wastes and adds fresh medium to bacterial cultures in order to prolong the log phase of a culture is called a(n)
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Chemostat
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Human pathogens are classified as
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Mesophiles
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What is the definition of generation time?
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The time required for the population to double in size
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A cells that uses an organic carbon source and obtains energy from light would be called a
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Photoheterotroph
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Which of the following statements is true of bacterial plasmids?
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They are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously
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DNA helicases...
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Break hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides
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Which of the following is involved in translation?
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mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are all involved
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Frederick Griffith discovered
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Transformation
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Electroporation is a technique used for
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Inserting DNA into cells
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Which of the following devices us used for PCR?
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A thermocycler
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Transgenic organisms
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Contain genes from other organisms
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Which of the following would NOT be bacteriostatic?
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Autoclaving
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An antimicrobial chemical used on the skin is usually called a(n)
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Antiseptic
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Which of the following types of radiation is non-ionizing and has the shortest wavelength?
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Ultraviolet light
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Lysol is an example of which of the following groups of chemical antimicrobial agents?
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Phenolics
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Which of the following is NOT a B-lactam antibiotic?
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Vancomycin
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Which of the following antibiotics disrupts cytoplasmic membrane function?
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Amphotericin B
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Which of the following drugs inhibits nucleic acid synthesis specifically in prokaryotes?
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Quinolones
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Infection of the _________ would be the hardest to treat with antimicrobial drugs
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Brain
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Endospores...
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Can be produced when nutrients are scarce
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Pairs of spherical bacterial cells are called
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diplococci
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Which of the following types of microbes might be found in the Dead Sea?
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Halophiles
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Lichens are composed of a symbiosis of fungi an which of the following?
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Cyanobacteria or green algae
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Reverse transcriptase is associated with which of the following?
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retroviruses
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Viroids infection...
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Plants
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How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?
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They lack nucleic acid
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Symtoms are..
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Subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel
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Human normal microbiota begin to develop
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During birth
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Which of the following stages of an infectious disease is the most severe?
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The illness period
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A nosocomial disease is a disease acquired
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In the health care facility
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Fomites are...
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Inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens
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A differential WBC count that shows elevated levels of eosinophiles probably indicated which of the following in the patient?
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Allergies
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Which cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?
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monocyte
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Pyrogens affect the _______, causing elevation of the internal body temperature
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Hypothalamus
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Antigens are..
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Specific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign
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A humoral immune response is attributed to the action of..
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B lymphocytes
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The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is
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IgG
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Which type of immunity is produces by the body when a person gets a disease?
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Naturally acquired active immunity
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An adjuvant is a substance that
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increases the antigenicity of a pathogen
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Which of the following statements regarding an inactivated vaccine is FALSE?
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It is made from mutated forms of the pathogen
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The study and diagnosis of antigen-antibody interaction in the blood is known as..
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Serology
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A person with type O blood can donated to individuals with which of the following blood types?
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A, B, AB, or O
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Which of the following immunoglobulins is produced by plasma cells in response to an allergen
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IgE
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Which of the following allergic reactions i the result of type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity?
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Dermatitis in response to latex gloves
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Multiple sclerosis is
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an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies attack the myelin sheath of neurons
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Toxic shock syndrom is associated with which type of disease?
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Staphylococcal
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A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that does not produce enterotoxins cannot cause which of the following?
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Food poisoning
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Which of the following bacteria can cause life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis?
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Clostridium difficile
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Which is the most common disease caused by Propionobacterium?
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Acne
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The respiratory infection know as "walking pneumonia" is caused by...
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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The pus from an abscess in a patient's jaw is likely the result of infection with..
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Actinomyces
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Which of the following is the best way to avoid infection by Neisseria Meningitidis?
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Avoidance of crowded living conditions
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A lung specimen from a pneumonia patient is likely caused from which pathogen?
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Klebsiella
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Which of the following coliforms is the most common cause of non-noscomial UTI?
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E. Coli
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What is the causative pathogen for bubonic and pneumonic plague?
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Yersinia Pestis
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T/F: Enterobacteriaceae are rarely pathogen?
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False
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A cystic fibrosis patient develops a severe respiratory infection most likely caused by..
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Which of the following pathogens causes the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease in the US
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Chlamydia Trachomatis
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The typical lesion of primary syphilis is
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A painless reddened lesion called a chancre at the site of infection
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Which organism is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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Rickettsia
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Which microbe listed is the cause of stomach ulceration?
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Helicobacter
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A patient with cyptococcal infection begins complaining of headache, dizziness, nausea, and neck stiffness. Which o the following specimens would be most useful in diagnosis of this patient's condition?
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
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A person who shared a hair brush with other family members is most likely to be at risk for which of the following mycoses?
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Piedra
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Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans?
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Candida albicans
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Ringworm is caused by
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Dermatophytes growing in the upper dead tissue layers in the skin
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Episodes of fever in a patent with malaria coincide with which of the following events?
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Erythrocyte lysis
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Kala-azar is another name for a disease caused by which of the following?
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Leishmania
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A patient infected with a protozoan parasite who also exhibited congestive heart failure is most likely in the final stages of which of the following diseases?
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Chagas' disease
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Nematodes such as Ascaris infect the _____ by way of the _____
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Intestinal tract; lungs
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Which of the following is the most common parasitic worm in the US
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Enterobius vermicularis
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Elephantiasis is caused by
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Filarial roundworms
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Which of the following is transmitted by the fecal-oral route?
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Entamoeba histloytica
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A teenager shows up at a clinical with lesions on his face most likely caused by which virus?
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Molluscum contagiosum
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Which of the following statements concerning genital warts if FALSE?
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The incidence is relatively low because treatment is available
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Which of the following is the only DNA virus that can cause viral hepatitis
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Hepatitis B virus
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Which of the following viruses is responsible for "fifth disease"
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B 19 Virus
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T/F: The first human disease to be eradicated was smallpox
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True
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The most important preventive measure against rhinovirus infection is which of the following?
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Antisepsis
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Which virus listed below is a double-standed RNA virus?
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Reovirus
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Which virus listed below is causes the disease rabies?
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Rhabdovirus
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The SARS virus belongs to which groups of viruses?
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Coronavirus
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Which virus below is most likely cause of a severe lower respiratory tract infection
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Hanta virus
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Peptide bonds are found in..
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Proteins
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Which of the following scientist was important in the mechanism of alcoholic fermentation?
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Louis Pasteur
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A bacterium that has optimum growth at 20-40 degrees centigrade would be classified as..
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Mesophilie
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Where would you find porins?
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Gram negative bacterium
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Endospores are found in
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Prokaryotes only
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Freezing will effectively kill endospores
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False
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RNA polymerase is directly involved in
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Transcription
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A pilus is involved in which form of natural recombination in bacteria
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Conjugation
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Which technique or enzyme listed below is most useful in DNA fingerprinting
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Gel electrophoresis
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Tetracycline targets..
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Protein synthesis
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Bleach belongs in which group os disinfectants
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Halogens
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Which of the following is a gaseous sterilant?
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Ethylene oxide
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Which of the following could be sporocidal
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Glutaraldehyde
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Which of the following have a cell wall containing peptidoglycan?
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Bacteria
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An organism that requires/likes a high level of NaCl can be termed a
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Halophile
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Which of the microbes below is a phototroph?
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Cyanobacteria
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To which of the groups below do Diatoms belong?
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Algae
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Pathogens are examples of what type of lifestyle?
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Parasitism
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Which organism is catalase NEGATIVE?
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Streptococcus
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Which of the following is a gram negative microbe?
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Pseudomonas
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Whooping cough is caused by?
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Bordetella
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Diarrhea is a common symptoms of disease caused by which of the microbes below?
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Campylobacter
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Which of the microbes below does not typically cause an STD?
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Yersinia
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Which disease/condition below is NOT a condition which is often caused by a Streptococcus species?
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Toxic Shock Syndrome
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Chagas disease is caused by..
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Typanosoma Cruzi
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Taenia saginata is a
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Helminth
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The disease histoplasmosis is caused by a..
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Fungus
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Which virus is typically acquired by oral ingestion?
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Hepatitis A
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Which of the diseases below is caused by a Herpes virus?
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Chickenpox
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Which virus listed below has a single-stranded DNA genome?
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Parvovirus
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