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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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As the temperature at which a reaction takes place is increased:
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the reaction rate and rate constant will increase because:
Rate=k [A] [B] Heat is a product, which pushes equilibrium to the left (reactants), therefore both rate and rate constant are increased. |
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What is the concentration of I- ions in 0.20M solution of magnesium iodide?
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MgI2 is the empirical formula, so for each mole of MgI2 dissolved, there are 2 moles of I- dissolved, therefore the answer is:
0.40M |
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What is the molar concentration of Ca2+ (aq) in a solution that is prepared by mixing 15ml of 0.02M CaCl2 (aq) solution w/ 10ml of 0.04M CaSO4 (aq) solution?
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C1V1+C2V2=CfVf
answer: 0.028M *don't have to change volumes to Liters |
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The resulting solution made from the combination of 50 ml of 1.0M LiOH w/ 50 ml of 1.0 HBr will be identical in all respects to 100 ml of...?
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0.5 M LiBr
Acid-base neutralization (OH- and H+ are neutralized, which is half of the concentration of both) |
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High Ksp....
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more soluble in water
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"Calculate the solubility product" essentially means..
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find Ksp
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Solubility of a compound in water is the same as its...
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concentration
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When CaF2 is added to a 0.02 M solution of NaF, the solubility of CaF2 is:
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low, because the concentration of F- already present in solution prevents dissolution of CaF2
*due to common ion effect, which pushes equilibrium towards formation of CaF2 instead of F- |
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The ionization constant of a strong acid (Ka) is...
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Ka>1
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Acid Base
A: H+ OH- BL: H+ don. H+ accep. L: e- accep. e- don. |
:)
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Calculate the concentration of F- ions in a 2M solution of HF. (Ka=6.8x10^-4)
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HF<=>H+ + F-
I 2 0 0 C -x +x +x E 2-x x x [x]^2/2=6.8x10^-4 x=3.7x10^-2 |
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quantum numbers
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n=principal quantum number=1...infinity
l=azimuthal number= 0..n-1(l=0=>s, l=1=>p l=2=>d l=3=>f) ml=-l...+l ms=1/2, -1/2 |
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"peak height" means that velocity is
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zero
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oxidizing agents get
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reduced
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reducing agents get
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oxidized
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Ideal gas assumptions
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1. The molecules in the gas can be considered small hard spheres.
2. All collisions between gas molecules are elastic and all motion is frictionless (no energy is lost in collisions or in motion). 3. Newton’s laws apply. 4. The distance between molecules on average is much larger than the size of the molecules. 5. The gas molecules are constantly moving in random directions with a distribution of speeds. 6. There are no attractive or repulsive forces between the molecules or the surroundings. |
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in terms of projectile motion, at the max height of the trajectory, what does v and a equal?
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v=0
a=-10 |
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"Energy loss" is the same as
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Work=F.d
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A string w/ one end tied is an example of a
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traveling wave
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A string w/ both ends tied is an example of a
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standing wave
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lasers have coherent light therefore the light does not
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spread/diffuse
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Ksp canNOT be changed by ___ but can be changed by ___
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pH
temperature |
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Nearsightedness
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Myopia
Image is formed in front of retina corrected w/ divergent lens |
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Farsightedness
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Hyperopia
Image is formed behind retina corrected w/ convergent lens |
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1 Faraday is
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96500 C/mol e-
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A Farad is a measure of
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capacitance
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Nitrogen has ___ e- but forms only ___ bonds
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5
3 |
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Li-Tri-Tet-Tri-O
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2-3-4-5-6 electron domains, mnemonic
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Light vs Sound waves
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Light: transverse; velocity decreases from gas to solid
Sound: longitudinal; velocity increases from gas to solid *sound travels faster thru solids |
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Electronegativity difference <1.7 forms ____ bonds
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covalent
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"ionic character"
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electronegativity difference
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A sparingly soluble metal hydroxide M(OH)2 has a molar solubility of S mol/L @ 25 *C. Its Ksp value is:
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4S^3
M(OH)2<=> M2+ + 2OH- Ksp= [m2+] [OH-]^2= (S) (2S)^2=4S^3 |
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An astronaut on Earch notes that in her soft drink can ice cube floats w 9/10 its volume submerged. if she were instead in a lunar module parked on the moon where the gravitational force is 1/6 that of earth, the ice in the same soft drink would float:
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w/ 9/10 submerged. (the same)
Floating=> Fg=Fb => mg=pVg => m=pV, not dependent on gravity |
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How many Na+ ions are in 7.15g (50ml) solution of Na2CO3? (mw=286.14g/mol)
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7.15g * (mol/286.14g)=0.005mol * (6.022x10^23atom/mol)
= 3* 10^22 |
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Unfilled d orbitals cause ___ in the case of Nickel (II)
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color
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Precipitates form because
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the Ksp gets exceeded
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Metathesis reaction is the same as
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a double displacement reaction
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Electromotive force
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intrinsic voltage capacity of a given battery
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Only ____ can change the speed of sound
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REFRACTION
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speed does not effect the ______ of a particle
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electrical force
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the higher the vapor pressure, the more
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volatile the substance
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Buffers
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resist pH changes
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speed of a wave is not dependent on the medium it is propagated on
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:)
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Momentum conservation pertains to
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collisions
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Newton's laws pertain to
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bodies in motion and at rest
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Archimedes' principle pertains to
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buoyancy and fluids
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Energy conservation pertains to
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energy.... and therefore periodic motion
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the speed of sound is greatest in
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solids and at high temperatures
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Ecell= (E red)cathode - (E red)anode
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:)
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Order of light spectrum
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RIVUXG
^ [ROYGBV] |
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Formula for change in internal energy
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delta U=Q + W
Q<0, heat loss W<0, work done by system Q>0, heat gained W>0, work done on system |
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Kinematics formulas
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d=vt (no acceleration)
d=vavg t (constant acceleration...) d=vit+(1/2)at^2 vf^2=vi^2+2ad d=(1/2)at^2 vf=vi+at |
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distance vs. time graph
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slope gives velocity
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velocity vs time graph
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slope gives acceleration
area under curve gives displacement |
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Projectile motion formulas
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tup=0-vyi/g
ymax=(vyi/2) tup ttotal=2tup x=vx ttotal |
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Newton's laws
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1: an object's velocity remains constant unless a net force is acting up on it, therefore F=0, v=constant
2: F=ma 3: action reaction pair |
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Gravity formulas
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W=mg
Fg=Gmm/r^2 g=GM/r^2 |
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Friction
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Ff=uk Fn
Ffmax= us Fn |
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Centripetal force and acceleration
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ac=v^2/r
F=mv^2/r=m ac |
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Work
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W=Fd=(1/2) mv^2
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Momentum and impulse
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Momentum=mv
Impulse=change in momentum |
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Torque
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t=Fl=Ia=rf sin theta
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Hydrostatics formulas
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Density: m/V
spec. grav.= density/density of water P=F/A=pfluid g D |
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Buoyancy formulas
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Fb=pfluid Vsubmerged g
Floating Fb=Wobject %submerged=(density object/density fluid) * 100 |
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Hydraulic jack formulas
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F1/A1=F2/A2
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Hydrodynamics formulas
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f=Av
A1v1=A2v2 P1 + (1/2) pv^2 + pgy = P2 + (1/2) pv^2 +pgy |
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Simple Harmonic Motion
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Spring: w=sqrt (k/m), where w=2pi*f
Pendulum: w=sqrt (g/L), where w=2pi*f |
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Springs
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F=-kx
P.E.= (1/2) kx^2 |
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sounds
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wavelength * frequency=velocity
Speed of sound in gases: v= sqrt( P/p), where P=pressure and p=density |
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Standing waves
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wavelengthn=2L/n (pipe open at both ends)
wavelengthn=4L/n (pipe open at one end) |
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Intensity
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I=P/A=P/4pir^2
B=10 log (I/I0) where I0=10^-12 W/m^2 |
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Doppler Effect
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fo=fs v+- vo/ vs+-vs
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Stress
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Stress=modulus x strain
F/A= modulus x (change/initial) |
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Electric Forces
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F=qE
F=kqq/r^2 E=kq/r^2 V=kq/r PE=qV V=Ed |
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Electric Circuits
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V=IR
I=q/t R=p L/A P=VI AC current power: Vrms * Irms |
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Capacitance
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C=Q/V
C=E0 A/d C=k E0 A/d PE=(1/2) CV^2, energy stored in capacitor |
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Magnetism and Electricity
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F=qvB sin theta, charged particle moving thru magnetic field
F=IlB sin theta, current carrying wire in magnetic field B=u0 I/ 2pir, magnetic field due to current carrying wire |
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Right hand rule
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Thumb=V or I
Fingers= B (curled for Mag. Field due to CCW) Palm= Force |
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Light Formulas
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wavelength * frequency= velocity
E=hf=hc/wavelength |
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Light
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Angle of incidence=Angle of reflection
n1 sin theta1=n2 sin theta2, Snell's Law of Refraction n=c/v, index of refraction sin theta crit.= n2/n1, Total Internal Reflection |
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Interference
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Double slit interference:
d sin theta= m wavelength, Bright fringes d sin theta= m wavelength, Dark fringes Diffraction grating: d sin theta= m wavelength Single slit diffraction: a sin theta= m wavelength, dark fringes Thin Films: 2t=(m + 1/2) wavelengthfilm, no phase shift between rays 2t=m wavelengthfilm, phase shift between reflected rays [*Reflected rays are inverted when going from smaller to larger index of refraction*] |
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Optics -Mirrors and Lenses
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1/do + 1/di =1/f
m=-di/do=hi/ho f=(1/2) R Lens strength=1/f Mirrors: di do f CC: +(do>f) + + -(do<f) + + CV: - + - Lenses: di do f CV: +(do>f) + + -(do<f) + + DV: - + - di>0, m<0, Real and Inverted di<0, m>0, Virtual and Upright |
