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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Motion Equation: Solve for t given v, v(o), and a |
v=v(o) + at
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Motion Equation: Solve for displacement.
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dx=v(o)t + 1/2at^2
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Motion Equation: solve for v given v(o), a, and dx.
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v^2=v(o)^2 + 2a(dx)
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Free-fall velocity
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v=sq(2gh)
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Force
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F=ma
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Gravitational Force
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G=Gm1m2/r^2
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Inclined Plane. Normal Force
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F(n)=mgcos(Θ)
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Inclined Plane. Force down ramp.
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F=mgsin(theta)
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Centripital Acceleration
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a(c)=(v^2)/r
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Static friction
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F(s)≤µ(s)F(n)
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Kinetic Frictional Force
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F(k)=µ(k)F(n)
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Hook's Law |
F(s)=-k(dx)
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Torque
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τ=FrsinΘ
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Kinetic Energy
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KE=1/2mv^2
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Potential Energy: Gravitational
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PE=mgh
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Potential Energy: Elastic
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PE(e)=1/2k(dx)^2
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Work. Definition, units, equations.
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Transfer of energy via a force.
W=FdcosΘ (except friction) W=dKE + dPE + dE(i) No friction (AKA all conservative forces): W=dKE + dPE |
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Work done by non-conservative forces. (chemical energy from fuel, etc.)
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W=dKE + dPE
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Work done by friction
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f(k)dcosΘ=dKE + dPE
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Power |
P=dE/t
P=W/t |
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Power (instantaneous) due to a force
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P=FvcosΘ
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Momentum
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p=mv
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Impulse (definition)
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Change in momentum
J=dp J=F(avg)dt dmv=F(avg)dt |
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Ramp (force)
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F=mg(h/d)
W remains constant so in order to decrease mg by 1/2, we must increase d by 2: W=Fd |
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Lever (force)
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F=mg(L(1)/L(2))
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Pulley (force) |
F=mg/2
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Beta decay
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loss of e-. Add proton
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Positron emission
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emission of positron with proton going to a neutron
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Electron capture
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Proton changed to neutron, capture e-
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Gamma Ray
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electron and positron collide. energy!
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Rest Mass Energy
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E=mc^2
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Density
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density=m/V (kg/m^3)
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Specific Gravity
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S.G.=p(substance)/p(water)
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Density of water
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1000 kg/m^3
1g/cm^3 |
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Pressure
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P=F/A (Pa)
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Pressure for a fluid at rest in a closed container
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P=pgy (y equals depth)
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P(atmospheric)
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101,000 Pa
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Hydraulic Lift
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P(1)=P(2)
F/A=F/A |
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Bouyant Force
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F(b)=pVg
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Fraction submerged
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p(floating object)/p(fluid)
S.G. if water |
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Continuity Equation
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Q=Av (where Q is the volume flow rate)
I=pQ=pAv (where I is the mass flow rate) In an ideal fluid, Q (or I) is constant. |
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Bernoulli's Equation
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P + pgh + 1/2pv^2 = K
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Volume flow rate at varying pressures
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dP=QR
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Stress
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F/A
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Strain
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d(dimension)/dimension
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Modulus of Elasticity
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Stress/Strain
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Young's Modulus (Y)
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Y=(F/A)/(dh/h)
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Shear Modulus (G) |
G=(F/A)/(dx/h)
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Bulk Modulus (B)
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B=(F/A)/(dV/V)
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Thermal Expansion
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dt σ dL
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Velocity of a wave
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v=ƒ(lambda)
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Period of a wave
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T=1/ƒ
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Speed of a wave in a gas
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Increases with temperature!
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Velocity of a wave depends on
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Elasticity of medium and inertia
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Intensity of a wave
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W/m^2. Proportional to A^2 and ƒ^2
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Intensity Level
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ß=10log(I/I(o))
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Frequency of beats
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ƒ=│ƒ(1)-ƒ(2)│
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Wave enters new medium
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Wavelength different, amplitude smaller and velocity change, frequency does not
Refraction |
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Both ends open or both closed (or both tied or loose) Length of harmonic
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L=n(lambda(n))/2 (n=1,2,3...)
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One end closed or tied. Length of harmonic
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L=n(lambda(n))/4 (n=1,3,5...)
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Simple harmonic motion |
F=-k(dx)
a is proportional to dx and to ƒ^2. |
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Doppler Effect
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dƒ/ƒ(s) = v/c (c is wave velocity and v is relative velocity between source and observer)
same for lambda |
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Coulomb's Law
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F=kq(1)q(2)/r^2
Like Gravitation |
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Electric Field
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Electrostatic force per unit charge
E=kq(1)/r^2 N/C or V/m |
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Force of point charge in electric field
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F=Eq
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Electric Potential Energy (normal and for point charge)
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PE=qEd
Point charge creating electric field: PE=kq(1)q(2)/r Joules |
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Voltage
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Potential for work by an electric field in moving any charge from one point to another. V=Ed
Point charge? V=kq(1)/r V or J/C |
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Resistivity
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Directly proportional to length, inversely to area
Ω |
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Ohm's Law
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V=IR
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Capacitance
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Ability to store charge per unit voltage.
C=Q/V Constant electric field btwn plates. Surface area increases C, distance decreases C by increasing V (V=Ed) |
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Energy stored in a capacitor
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E (or U) = 1/2QV
U = 1/2CV^2 U=1/2Q^2/C |
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Resistors in series
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R(eff)=R(1) + R(2) ...
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Resistors in parallel
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1/R(eff) = 1/R(1) + 1/R(2) ...
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Capacitors in series
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1/C(eff) = 1/C(1) + 1/C(2) . . .
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Capacitors in parallel
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C(eff)= C(1) + C(2) . . .
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Power (electrical)
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P = IV
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Maximum Voltage
Maximum Current |
V(max)=√2 V(rms)
I(max)=√2 I(rms) |
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Magnetic Field (B)
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Strength varies by 1/r^2
Unless long straight wire, then varies by 1/r |
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Force due to B field
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F=qvBsinΘ
perpendicular to the force and the velocity. DOES NO WORK. Changes direction of velocity, but never magnitude. Acts as centripetal force and can be set equal to mv^2/r to find radius of curvature of the path of a particle |
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Speed of electromagnetic waves
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c=ƒ(lambda)
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Index of refraction
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n=c/v
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Snell's Law
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n(1)sinΘ(1) = n(2)sinΘ(2)
Remember, wavelength changes in a new medium, but ƒ stays the same! |
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Energy of a single photon
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E=hƒ
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Critical Angle
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Θ(critical)=sin(-1)(n(1)/n(2))
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Chromatic dispersion
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Longer wavelengths move faster through the medium and are therefore bent less dramatically at the media interface.
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Focal Point
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ƒ = 1/2r
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Lens power
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P=1/ƒ
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magnification
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m = -q/p = h/h(o)
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Thin Lens Equation
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1/ƒ = 1/p + 1/q
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Two-lens system
Magnification Power |
M=m(1)m(2)
P(eff)= P(1) + P(2) |