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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
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When stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations--economically, politically, culturally, or militarily.
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imperialism
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The late 1800s was the peak of European imperialism, with European countries dominating much of _______.
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Africa & Asia
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Asserted that the Western Hemisphere was not to be further colonized by European countries, and that the U.S. would not interfere with existing European colonies nor in the internal concerns of European countries.
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Monroe doctrine
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Asserted U.S. ascendancy in the Western Hemisphere.
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Monroe doctrine.
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The desire for natural resources was an economic incentive for _______.
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imperialism
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The desire for new markets was an economic incentive for ____.
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imperialism
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Competition with other empires was a nationalistic incentive for _______.
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imperialism
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A belief in the superiority of a country's culture was a nationalistic incentive for ______.
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imperialism
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A military incentive for imperialism was the need for distant _______.
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naval bases
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A belief that western civilization had a duty to spread its blessings including, its law, medicine, and Christian religion was an incentive for ___.
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imperialism
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Over time the Monroe doctrine would be broadened to support __________.
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American imperialism
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Devotion to one's nation.
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Nationalism
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Nationalism, the Industrial Revolution, religious fervor, and feelings of racial and cultural superiority.
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causes of imperialism
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Continent that was most involved in the race for empire.
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Europe
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Country that acquired the most imperial possessions.
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Great Britain
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By 1890, the U.S. was eager to join the competition for _____.
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new territories/empire
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In 1867, under the direction of Secretary of State William H. Seward the U.S. purchased ____.
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Alaska
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"Seward's Folly"
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Purchase of Alaska
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In 1853, an American Fleet under Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay, forcing Japan to start _______.
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trading with the U.S.
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The U.S. annexed the Midway Islands to set up a ________.
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naval refueling station
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The U.S. needed foreign markets as a result of ___.
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overproduction
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That the U.S. needed new markets for its goods was an argument for ____.
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American Imperialism
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Central American countries were called "banana republics" because they were dominated by ___.
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U.S. business
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Lobbyists who favored a strong U.S. navy pushed for ______.
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expansion
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Captain Alfred T. Mahan, in his 1890 book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, argued that to protect its trade, the U.S. must build up its _____.
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navy
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Expansionist like Frederick Jackson Turner, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Theodore Roosevelt, believed that a quest for empire would restore the country's ________.
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pioneer spirit
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With the closing of the frontier, imperialists argued that imperialism would offer the U.S. a ____.
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new frontier
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The concept that some cultures had the right to dominate other cultures, because of their superiority.
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Social Darwinism
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Social Darwinism was used as a justification for U.S. _______.
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expansionism or imperialism
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During the Age of Imperialism (19th and early 20th century) many intellectuals believed that certain racial and national groups were ____.
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superior to others
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Belief that white men had a duty to introduce other people to the benefits of Western society.
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White Man's burden
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In the process of expanding and becoming a world power, the U.S. increasingly found itself in _____.
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conflict with other nations
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When the U.S. insisted that Great Britain submit a boundary dispute with Venezuela to arbitration, it was an example of following the ____.
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Monroe Doctrine
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Rebelled against Spain in 1895 after its economy collapsed.
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Cuba
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Cubans rebelling against Spanish rule eventually led to the ______.
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Spanish-American War
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A policy instituted by Spanish General Valeriano Weyler where he forced hundreds of thousands of Cubans into guarded camps.
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"reconcentration"
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Over two years, disease and starvation (due to reconcentration and fighting the Spanish) killed an estimated _____________.
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200,000 Cubans
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Exiled Cuban journalist who urged the U.S. to intervene in Cuba.
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Jose Marti
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Cuban guerrillas were able to get U.S. business owners to put pressure on the U.S. government to act by destroying American owned _____.
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sugar plantations and mills in Cuba
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Competition for readers between the New York World and the New York Morning Journal resulted in _______.
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Yellow Journalism
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Transformed newspapers with sensational and scandalous news coverage.
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Yellow Journalism
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Used their newspapers to increase public sympathy for Cuban rebels.
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William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
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Part of the reason the U.S. supported the Cuban rebels against Spain was sensational accounts in newspapers, called _______.
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yellow journalism
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The intense burst of national pride and the desire for an aggressive foreign policy that resulted from yellow journalism, was called _____.
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jingoism
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President McKinley moved IT into Havana's harbor to protect U.S. citizens and property.
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U.S.S. Maine
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A published letter, stolen from the Spanish Ambassador, to Washington that was critical of President McKinley.
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The de Lome Letter
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Exploded and sank in the Havana harbor killing 250 American sailors.
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U.S.S. Maine
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As well as Cuba there was another rebellion against Spanish power on the other side of the world in _____.
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The Philippines
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While he was only the assistant secretary of the Navy he cabled naval commanders in the Pacific to prepare for military action against Spain.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Included, compensation for the Maine, an end to reconcentration camps, a truce with Cuba, and Cuban independence.
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McKinley's demands on Spain
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Spain agreed to all of McKinley's demands except ______.
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Cuban Independence
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When Spain refused to meet all his demands McKinley sent a war message to Congress. Congress recognized Cuban independence and authorized ______.
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force against Spain
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To free Cuba from Spanish rule was a main goal of the U.S. in the _____.
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Spanish-American War
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The first action of the war was his surprise attack on Spanish ships, anchored in Manila Bay in the Philippines, destroying Spain's entire Pacific fleet in just seven hours.
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Admiral George Dewey
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Was bottled up by U.S. warships in the harbor at Santiago.
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Spain's Atlantic Fleet
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The First Volunteer Cavalry organized and recruited by Theodore Roosevelt.
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Rough Riders
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Resigned his position as Assistant Secretary of the Navy to organize and lead the Rough Riders.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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A diverse group of volunteers that included cowboys, miners, policemen, college athletes, and even some outlaws.
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Rough Riders
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When Roosevelt led the Rough Riders in a charge up this hill it became the most famous incident of the war.
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San Juan
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The Spanish American War came to an end when the Spanish fleet made a desperate attempt to escape Santiago harbor and the U.S. Navy _____.
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sank every Spanish ship
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Future Secretary of State John Hay captured the public mood when he wrote his friend Teddy Roosevelt that it had been a _____.
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"splendid little war"
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Treaty with Spain after the Spanish-American War.
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Treaty of Paris
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The U.S. gained the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico in the ________.
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Treaty of Paris
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As a result of the Spanish-American War the Philippines, Puerto Rico & Guam were made _______.
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unincorporated U.S. territories
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Acquired territories not intended for statehood.
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unincorporated U.S. territories
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Opposed the Treaty of Paris because of the territories that would be acquired.
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anti-imperialists
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With the territories acquired from the Spanish-American War the U.S. became an ______.
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imperial power
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They believed that imperialism rejected the American ideal of liberty.
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Anti-imperialists
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In addition to arguing that the Filipinos needed to be civilized and Christianized, McKinley argued that if the U.S. didn't take over the Philippines, other European powers might ___.
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seize the islands
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The Filipino rebels who fought alongside the U.S. troops against Spain, expected victory would bring their ________.
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independence
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When the U.S. ignored a Filipino declaration of independence, after the Spanish-American war, tensions between U.S. soldiers and Filipino rebels erupted into _____.
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war
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War between U.S. forces and Filipino rebels lasted three years and killed as many as _________.
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200,000 Filipino civilians
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The Philippines did not gain complete independence until _______.
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1946
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Document attached to the war resolution against Spain, promised that the U.S. would not annex Cuba.
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Teller Amendment
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In order to protect U.S. business interests in Cuba, after the war, McKinley installed a military government that ruled _____.
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three years
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In 1900 the U.S. military government authorized Cubans to draft their own constitution, but only agreed to remove their troops if the Cubans would accept the ___.
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Platt Amendment
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Stipulated that the Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreements, must allow the United States to establish naval bases in Cuba, and must give the U.S. right to intervene when necessary.
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Platt Amendment
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With the support of U.S. Marines, this pineapple planter removed Queen Liliuokalani from power in Hawaii. He also proclaimed Hawaii a republic and requested that it be annexed by the U.S.
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Sanford B. Dole
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Congress was swayed to annex Hawaii because of arguments that the U.S. needed it for naval stations to protect its _____.
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world trade
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In the late 1800s Russia, Germany, Britain, France, and Japan were all seeking these in China.
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spheres of influence
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Areas in China where a foreign country had economic and political control.
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spheres of influence
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Policy developed by Secretary of State John Hay, that aimed to combat the European spheres of influence that threatened to squeeze American business interests out of Chinese markets.
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Open Door Policy
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Consisted of pressuring European powers to open key ports, within their spheres of influence, in China to U.S. businessmen.
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Open Door Policy
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The Open Door Policy was important to the U.S. because it gave the U.S. access to millions of _______.
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consumers in China
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A violent uprising in China, in 1900, directed against foreigners. It led to the massacre of 300 foreigners and Christian Chinese.
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Boxer Rebellion
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Secretary of State John Hay figured the imperialist powers might use the Boxer rebellion as an excuse to seize more Chinese territory, so he sent a second series of ____.
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Open Door notes.
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Authorized the purchase of the French assets in Panama (to build a canal) and required that the U.S. work out a treaty with Colombia for a lease of the land.
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Spooner Act (1902)
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Secretly made it clear that if the French company organized a Panamanian revolution against Colombia, the U.S. would not interfere.
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President Theodore Roosevelt
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The U.S. was able to acquire the Canal Zone by encouraging a _________.
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revolt in Panama
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To gain the Canal zone the U.S. encouraged Panama to rebel against ______.
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Columbia
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In exchange for recognizing Panamanian independence and for becoming its protector, Panama granted the U.S. a permanent grant of a 10-mile-wide strip of land, for a Canal Zone over which the U.S. would have complete ____.
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sovereignty
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Roosevelt's opponent's opposed his actions in Panama because he encouraged the _____.
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Panamanian revolt
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The U.S. actions to gain the Panama Canal zone created ill will toward the U.S. among ___.
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Latin Americans
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Asserted that although the U.S. had no expansionist intentions, any "brutal wrongdoing" by a Latin American nation, would justify U.S. intervention as a global police power.
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Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
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Policy that established the U.S. as "an international police power."
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Roosevelt Corollary
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The central message of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe doctrine, was that the U.S. would use force to prevent intervention in the affairs of ________.
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neighboring countries
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Roosevelt feared the war between Japan and Russia would close the door to U.S. trade with ___.
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China
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In 1905 he mediated a peace agreement to the Russo-Japanese War, for which he won the Nobel peace prize.
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President Theodore Roosevelt
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Many of President Theodore Roosevelt's policies resulted in the expansion of ______.
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presidential power
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President Taft wanted to maintain an open door to Asia and preserve stability in Latin America. For the rest he preferred to "substituting dollars for ______."
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bullets
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Taft's attempted to maintain orderly societies abroad through increased U.S. investment in foreign economies.
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"Dollar Diplomacy"
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Taft's "dollar diplomacy" was based on foreign _____.
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economic investment
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Taft's "dollar diplomacy" was undermined in the Caribbean and Central America by local revolutionary movements opposed to ____.
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American influence
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Although the U.S. reached new heights as an international power under Roosevelt and Taft, anti-colonialism abroad and anti-imperialism at home provided a growing check to _______.
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further expansion
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When President Woodrow Wilson refused to recognize General Huerta in Mexico because he was ruling without the consent of the people it was announcing an end to Taft's ____.
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"dollar diplomacy"
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President Wilson's belief that the U.S. had a mission to spread democracy and capitalism to nations in the Western hemisphere to protect them from foreign threats.
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"missionary diplomacy"
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Using the excuse of the arrest of American Sailors, Wilson had the American Navy occupy Veracruz, over 100 Mexicans died resisting ___.
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occupation
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As a result of Wilson's occupation of Veracruz General Huerta resigned in favor of ____.
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Venustiano Carranza
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Terrorized Americans in Mexico and raided border towns in the U.S.
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Pancho Villa
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Led 5,000 U.S. troops in a failed attempt to capture Pancho Villa
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General John J. Pershing
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Failed in Mexico as many Americans and Mexicans lost their lives and U.S. financial interests in Mexico lost ground.
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Wilson's "moral diplomacy"
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Expansionist behavior, the anti-imperialist asserted, was a rejection of the nation's foundation of "__________."
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liberty for all
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Argument that people in the territories controlled by the U.S. should be entitled to the same rights as U.S. citizens.
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"the Constitution must follow the flag"
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Expansionist claimed that many people in newly acquired territories were not ready for ___.
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democracy
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Some argued that U.S. expansion was wrong because it was racist.
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Anti-imperialists
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Some racist in the South were anti-imperialist because they believed expansion would result in different races ______.
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in the U.S.
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Some anti-imperialist made the economic argument that expansion was too _____.
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expensive
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Raised the argument that workers coming into the U.S. from annexed territories would lower wages for U.S. workers. (person)
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Samuel Gompers
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Some U.S. industrialist were concerned that goods produced cheaply, in annexed countries, would not require customs duties and could hurt U.S. ____.
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industry
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The cruise of the Great White Fleet was intended to demonstrate that the U.S. was a _____.
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naval power
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People in foreign lands would turn against the U.S. when it supported _______.
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unpopular governments
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In other parts of the World the U.S. was both ________.
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welcomed and rejected
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