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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name given to the time period from 1890 to 1920.
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Progressive Era
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Many of the ideas of the Progressive movement grew out of the _______.
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Populist movement
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As opposed to the Populist movement the progressive movement focused mainly on the problems of ______.
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urban residents
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Nativism, prohibition, purity crusades, electoral reform, charity reform, social gospel philosophy, and settlement houses.
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roots of the progressivism
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Progressive reformers were reacting to the era's rapid __________. (3 things)
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industrialization, immigration, and urbanization
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Progressives maintained that private charity could not do enough to improve the lives of the _________.
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industrial poor
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Progressivism was not a single _______.
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unified movement
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Progressives believed government should be more accountable to its _______.
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citizens
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Progressives believed government should curb the power and influence of the _______.
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wealthy
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Progressives believed that to improve the lives of it citizens government should be given ___.
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expanded powers
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Progressives believed that in order to handle its expanded role government needed to be _______. (2 things)
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more efficient and less corrupt
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Name given to the time period from 1890 to 1920.
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Progressive Era
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Many of the ideas of the Progressive movement grew out of the _______.
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Populist movement
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As opposed to the Populist movement the progressive movement focused mainly on the problems of ______.
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urban residents
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Nativism, prohibition, purity crusades, electoral reform, charity reform, social gospel philosophy, and settlement houses.
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roots of the progressivism
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Progressive reformers were reacting to the era's rapid __________. (3 things)
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industrialization, immigration, and urbanization
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Progressives maintained that private charity could not do enough to improve the lives of the _________.
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industrial poor
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Progressivism was not a single _______.
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unified movement
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Progressives believed government should be more accountable to its _______.
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citizens
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Progressives believed government should curb the power and influence of the _______.
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wealthy
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Progressives believed that to improve the lives of it citizens government should be given ___.
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expanded powers
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Progressives believed that in order to handle its expanded role government needed to be _______. (2 things)
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more efficient and less corrupt
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Most Progressives agreed that the government should protect ________.
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workers
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Most Progressives agreed that the government should help the ________.
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poor
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According to Henry George, Americans could eliminate poverty by discouraging _______.
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land speculation
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Henry George was opposed to the fact that land owners only had to pay a tax if they made _____.
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improvements on the land
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Henry George wanted to make land speculation less profitable by imposing a ___________.
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single tax on the value of land
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In the late 1800s, journalists Henry George and Edward Bellamy both wrote about ideas for _____.
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reforming society
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Author of "Looking Backward" in 1888.
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Edward Bellamy
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Novel in which a man undergoes hypnosis in 1887 and wakes up in the year 2000, to discover a Utopian society, where the government runs companies with the goal of meeting human needs rather than making profits.
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"Looking Backward"
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Journalists who worked at exposing political and business corruption.
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muckrakers
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Although Roosevelt and other Progressives denounced the muckrakers at first, their writings did motivate government to make many _____.
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reforms
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Requested by business leaders in the 1890s, they were issued by courts and they prohibited workers from striking.
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injunctions
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Court injunctions slowed down the growth of the ______.
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labor movement
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Progressives supported the laborer's right to ______.
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strike
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The number of socialists grew during the Progressive era and in 1901 they formed the _____.
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Socialist Party of America
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Most Progressives were not socialist and wanted more ________.
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moderate reforms
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The efforts of Florence Kelley convinced many states to abolish _______.
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child labor
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Jane Addams and Florence Kelley both worked to reform local ________.
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labor conditions
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She is best known for organizing unions in mines in West Virginia and Colorado.
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Mother Jones
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Some Americans resisted Progressive reforms because they did not approve of governmental control over _________.
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their lives
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Because Progressives sought increased government involvement in people's lives they often met resistance, even from among the very people they ________.
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intended to help
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The poor often opposed child labor laws because they needed the __________.
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child's income
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Most Progressives opposed government control of businesses, except for companies that supplied __________.
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essential services
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Were sought by progressives so that government could ensure a basic standard of living for all.
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social welfare programs
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Unemployment benefits, accident and health insurance, and a social security system for the disabled and elderly.
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social welfare programs
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Progressives wanted efficient programs managed by professionals not ______.
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politicians
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Many of the earliest Progressive reforms were made at the city, or ________.
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municipal, level
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Most municipal reformers worked for _____.
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home rule
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A limited degree of self-government for cities.
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home rule
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Some reformers also held negative views of immigrants who felt were responsible for many ______.
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city problems
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Municipal reformers aimed to end government _______.
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corruption
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Municipal reformers wanted a civil service system based on merit not _______.
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spoils
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Restricting the power of political machines was usually left to _________.
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municipal reformers
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New and more efficient forms of municipal government, such as the commission form and the council-manager from, were often developed in response to ______.
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natural disasters
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Reformers wanted to provide citizens with more affordable services by transferring control of urban utilities to the ___.
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city
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In the early 1900s municipal reformers favored city control of _________.
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utilities
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Reformers hoped to end corruption in government by giving voters a more direct say in _________.
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lawmaking
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Prior to the progressive movement candidates for public office were traditionally picked by ___.
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party leaders
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Wisconsin reform governor who instituted the use of the direct primary.
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Robert La Follette
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Election in which voters cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections.
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direct primary
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This process enables voters to propose new laws.
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initiative
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Citizens approve or reject a law passed by the legislature.
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referendum
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This procedure enables voters to remove public officials from office before the next election.
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recall
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The initiative and the referendum are examples of ________.
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direct democracy
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Direct democracy only exists at the local and state levels there is no direct democracy at the ________.
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federal level
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Attempts to regulate industry involved the legal dispute over the business owner's right to make contracts with employees and their right of private property versus the federal governments police power to protect the ____.
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welfare of citizens
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As a result of Progressive reforms in many states child labor was _____.
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abolished
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When the United Mine Workers called a strike in 1902, President Roosevelt called for _____.
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arbitration
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When T. Roosevelt used this phrase in the coal miners strike it became a slogan for his presidency.
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"square deal"
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A firm that creates a monopoly by buying up stocks and bonds of smaller companies.
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holding company
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Roosevelt was the first President to actively enforce it.
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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Authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroad rates.
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Hepburn Act
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With the Hepburn Act it became the first true regulatory agency.
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Interstate Commerce Commission
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Upton Sinclair's novel "the Jungle" exposed dangerous workplace conditions in the ______.
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meatpacking industry
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As a result of muckraker writings like "the Jungle" President Roosevelt and congress responded with the _________. (2 laws)
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Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act
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Banned interstate shipping of impure food and deliberate mislabeling of food and drugs.
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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Required federal inspection of meat processing to ensure sanitary conditions.
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Meat Inspection Act
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The newly created Labor Department supported legislation that would benefit both _______.
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women & children
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Named by T. Roosevelt to head a new U.S. forest service.
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Gifford Pinchot
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At HIS recommendation Roosevelt set aside 200 million acres for national forests, mineral reserves, and water projects.
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Gifford Pinchot
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People concerned with the care and protection of the environment.
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conservationists
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Included the conservation of forest land, the break-up of several trusts, and the regulation of food and drugs.
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President Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive record
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During the Progressive Era, constitutional restraints on federal power gradually _____.
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diminished
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Ratified in 1913 authorized Congress to collect a federal income tax.
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Sixteenth Amendment
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The 16th Amendment enabled the government to get more revenues from people with ____.
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higher incomes
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Required the direct election of Senators, was ratified in 1913.
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Seventeenth Amendment
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In 1919 it banned the production, sale, or import of alcoholic beverages.
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Eighteenth Amendment
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Not all Progressives favored Prohibition, but many thought it would protect society from the poverty and violence associated with _____.
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drinking
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President Theodore Roosevelt's chosen successor.
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President Taft
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President Taft continued Roosevelt's progressive program by pursuing _____.
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antitrust cases
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Progressives in Congress, unlike Taft, favored low ________.
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tariffs
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Progressives first became furious with Taft over the protective _______.
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Payne-Aldrich Tariff
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President Taft's Secretary of the Interior, who angered conservationists by siding with business interests that sought unrestricted development of federal lands in the West.
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Richard Ballinger
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When Gifford Pinchot accused Richard Ballinger of corruption, before Congress, Taft _______.
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fired Pinchot
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The Progressive faction of the Republican Party protested HIS handling of the Ballinger-Pinchot affair.
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President Taft
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When the House passed a resolution allowing full membership, instead of the Speaker, to appoint the Rules Committee the Republican party was ______.
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split
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Theodore Roosevelt's name for his Progressive reform program. At the time of the midterm elections of 1910.
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New Nationalism
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Roosevelt's call for business regulation, welfare laws, workplace protection for women & children, income & inheritance taxes, and voting reform.
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New Nationalism
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He challenged his old friend President Taft for the Republican nomination in 1912.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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When Roosevelt lost the 1912 Republican nomination because Taft controlled the convention, Roosevelt's supporters broke from the Republican Party and formed the ____.
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Progressive Party
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Nickname for the Progressive Party.
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Bull Moose Party
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Women's suffrage was supported by the platform of the _______.
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Bull Moose Party (Progressive)
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Democratic candidate in 1912.
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Woodrow Wilson
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The name for Woodrow Wilson's policy which promised to enforce antitrust laws without threatening free economic competition.
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New Freedom
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A major factor contributing to the election of Woodrow Wilson in 1912 was that Roosevelt _______.
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split the Republican vote
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Wilson's reform platform during the 1912 campaign differed from Roosevelt's in that he promised to preserve ___________.
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free economic competition
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Passed with Wilson's guidance in 1914 to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act.
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Clayton Antitrust Act
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Spelled out specific activities that big business could not do.
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Clayton Antitrust Act
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Prevented antitrust suits from being brought against unions and prohibited court injunctions against strikes.
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Clayton Antitrust Act
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The Federal Reserve System was established by Woodrow Wilson to reorganize the _______.
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federal banking system
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To prevent bank failures, President Wilson helped create the ______.
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Federal Reserve System
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Progressivism was halted by ______.
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World War I
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In 1872, she was arrested and later convicted for insisting on voting.
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Susan B. Anthony
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Nonviolent refusal to obey a law.
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civil disobedience
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One basic anti-suffrage argument was that it would cause women to become too ____.
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masculine
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Women suffragist fought for the right to vote two ways some fought for a constitutional amendment other fought for the right to vote in individual _______.
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states
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Suffragists achieved some of their earliest successes in persuading specific ______.
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states to give women the vote
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In 1890, veteran leaders of the suffrage movement, including Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, were joined by younger leaders in forming the ________.
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NAWSA
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NAWSA
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National American Woman Suffrage Association
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When NAWSA was formed in 1890, women could already __________.
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buy and sell property
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After the deaths of Stanton and Anthony, the woman who eventually led NAWSA to victory was _____.
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Carrie Chapman Catt
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Her aggressive strategy caused a split in the woman's suffrage movement.
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Alice Paul
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Alice Paul's Congressional Union split from NAWSA after it called for bypassing suffrage groups in the ______.
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states
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World War I affected the women's suffrage cause by setting aside arguments about ______.
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separate spheres for men and women
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Women's activities in World War I resulted more Americans supporting their right to ____.
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suffrage/vote
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The battle for women's suffrage ended with the ratification of the _______.
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Nineteenth Amendment
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