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935 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nationalism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Militarism
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Causes of World War I
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A desire to expand and be more powerful than other nations.
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Nationalism
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A desire by a national group to have its own state or country.
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Nationalism
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Establishing authority over areas of the world outside a country's natural boundaries.
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Imperialism
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Establishing colonies throughout the world.
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Imperialism
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Resulted in conflicts over colonial possessions.
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Imperialism
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The glorification of armed strength.
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Militarism
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Militarism resulted in an _______.
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arms race
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Militarism and imperialism were components of ____________.
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Nationalism
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The European balance of power was disrupted by the unifications of _________________
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Germany and Italy
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European nations sought a new balance of power through __________.
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alliances
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. (Name of Alliance)
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Triple Alliance
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Kaiser William II let Germany's friendship treaty lapse with ___________.
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Russia
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Great Britain, France and Russia (name of alliance)
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Triple Entente
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Pulled all of Europe into the war.
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Alliance system
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German ruler during WWI
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Kaiser William II (Kaiser Wilhelm II)
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Kaiser William II sought to compete with Britain by building a _____________.
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large navy
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Wanted Alsace and Lorraine back from Germany.
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France
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Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey feared they would lose territory in the ____
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Balkans
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Held that all Slavic people shared a common nationality.
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Pan-Slavism
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Unrest in this region made it a "powder keg" prior to World War I.
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Balkans
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Austria-Hungary and Russia struggled over the _____________. (area)
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Balkans
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Province of Austria-Hungary with a large Serbian population
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Bosnia
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Nationalists from this country believed Bosnia should belong to their country.
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Serbia
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Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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Was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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Germany promised Austria-Hungary total support.
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"Blank Check"
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Russians and Serbians were both _________.
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Slavic
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Russians hoped to gain access to IT through the Balkans.
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Mediterranean Sea
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Austria-Hungary issued Serbia an __________.
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Ultimatum
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Austria-Hungary's ultimatum would have limited ____________.
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Serbia's independence
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In the first move of the war Austria Hungary declared war on ___________.
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Serbia
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Nation that supported Serbia
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Russia
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To get an army in position for war. (term)
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Mobilize
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Russia decided to mobilize early because it lacked ____________.
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railroads
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In German eyes Russia's mobilization amounted to a ____________.
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declaration of war
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Declared war on Russia.
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Germany
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When France promised to support Russia __________.
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Germany declared war on France
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Germany hoped to avoid fighting a _________.
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two front war
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German plan to defeat France before Russia could mobilize.
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Schlieffen Plan
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The Schlieffen Plan was intended to keep Germany from fighting a __________.
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two front war
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Germany requested passage to France through ______________.
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neutral Belgium
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When they refused Germany passage, Germany invaded __________.
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Belgium
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Germany invaded France through ___________.
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neutral Belgium
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It declared war on Germany because Germany had violated Belgium neutrality.
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Great Britain
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World War I began in ______. (year)
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1914
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turks and their allies. (what they were called)
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Central Powers
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France, Britain, Russia and their allies. (what they were called)
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Allies
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Allied victory that saved Paris. (early in the war)
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Battle of the Marne
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Allied victory that destroyed the Schlieffen Plan
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Battle of the Marne
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Made the defense stronger than the offense. (in warfare)
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Trench Warfare
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Made the fighting even more brutal. (in warfare)
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Trench Warfare
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As a result of trench warfare the war became a ____________.
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stalemate
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In a struggle where neither side can improve its position
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stalemate
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Played a major part in the deadlock and slaughter of trench warfare. (weapon)
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Machine Gun
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Choked and blinded victims. (weapon)
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Poison Gas
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The space between two sets of trenches.
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No-man's-land
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Most World War I soldiers were __________.
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draftees
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Both sides attempted to prevent the enemy from getting supplies. (method)
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blockades
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The Allies had a more effective blockade because of the ____________.
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British Navy
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To make their blockade more effective the Germans began to use ____________.
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Submarine Warfare
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Broke international law by not giving warning or taking passengers.
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Submarine Warfare
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British Luxury liner sunk by German Sub. (120 Americans die)
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Lusitania
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When countries mobilize all their resources into the war effort.
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Total War
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Used by governments to conserve supplies
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Rationing
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Using information to encourage a particular point of view.
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Propaganda
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Propaganda was used by _____________.
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both sides
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Were more effective in the use of propaganda.
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Allies
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Was the first of the major countries to become exhausted from total war.
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Russia
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Resulted in the setting up of a liberal government. (during World War I)
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First Russian Revolution (of 1917)
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After this event, this country still tried to continue fighting the war.
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First Russian Revolution
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Secret weapon shipped into Russia by the Germans.
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Vladimir Lenin
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Results in the setting up of a Communist Gov.
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Second Russian Revolution (of 1917)
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Communist Russia makes a separate peace with Germany.
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Treaty of Brest Litovsk
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Allows Germany to fight a one front war.
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Treaty of Brest Litovsk
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The area of contact between opposing sides in warfare.
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front
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To starve the allies in hopes of defeating them before America entered the war Germany resumed ______________.
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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Germany offered Mexico a part of the U.S. if it would join the war.
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Zimmerman Note
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare and the Zimmerman note ________________.
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bring U.S. into the war
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Year of America's entrance into WWI.
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1917
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Year of both Russian Revolutions.
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1917
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Arabs seeking independence helped the allies fight against the _____________.
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Ottoman Turks
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Machine gun, tanks, submarines, airplanes, gas.
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new weapons of WWI
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New weapons and trench warfare turned WWI into a _____________.
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war of attrition
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When the winner in war is determined by who can continue to fight the longest.
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war of attrition
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Helps break the stalemate and bring an allied victory.
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U.S. entrance
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Ends the fighting after the Kaiser abdicated his throne.
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Armistice
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Date of the Armistice
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1918
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Russia and the defeated Central powers were not invited to the _____________.
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Paris Peace Conference
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Most influential man at the peace conference.
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Woodrow Wilson
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Leader of the American delegation to the peace conference
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Woodrow Wilson
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Wilson's goals for the war and peace plan after the war.
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Fourteen Points
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Included reduction of armaments, national self determination, end to secret alliances, and a League of Nations.
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Fourteen Points
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Attempting to draw boundaries around recognizable national groups.
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National Self Determination
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Was to support peace by solving conflict through negotiations.
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League of Nations
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It was based on the idea of collective security.
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League of Nations
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System in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.
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Collective Security
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Wilson compromised on other points to secure the inclusion of the ______________.
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League of Nations
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The U.S. Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles because they thought the _________ would limit the war making powers of congress.
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League of Nations
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Placed total blame for the war on Germany
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Treaty of Versailles
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The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to pay ____________.
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reparations
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Payment for damages in a war.
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reparations
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The treaty of Versailles failed to create a lasting peace because it was ___________.
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too harsh on Germany
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The two Russian revolutions in 1917 were largely the result of the hardship caused by ___________.
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World War I
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The biggest mistake made by Czar Nicholas II.
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going to war
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Russian Czar overthrown by the revolution.
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Nicholas II
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After a revolution in 1905, Nicholas Ii approved the creation of a parliament called the _______.
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Duma
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Believed revolution against the Czar would be led by peasants.
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Social Revolutionaries
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Wanted to replace the czar with a democratic government.
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Social Revolutionaries
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Russian Marxists
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Social Democrats
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Believed revolution in Russia would come from urban workers.
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Social Democrats
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Social Democrats who believed the Industrial Revolution had to precede the workers revolt.
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Mensheviks
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Social Democrats who wanted a broadly based party.
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Mensheviks
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The Social Democrats were NOT _________.
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Democratic
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Social Democrats who believed the workers revolt could precede the Industrial Revolution.
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Bolsheviks
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Social Democrats who believed the Communist party should be an elite group of professional revolutionaries.
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Bolsheviks
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Leader of the Bolsheviks
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Vladimir Lenin
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Workers' councils organized in Russia in 1917.
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Soviets
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While Nicholas II was at the front he left control of Russia to ____________.
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Czarina Alexandra
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Czarina Alexandra was influenced by the mystic __________.
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Rasputin
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Nicholas II was forced to abdicate in February of 1917 by __________________.
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Bread Riots and Strikes in St. Petersburg
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After Nicholas II abdicated the Duma set up a _______________.
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Provisional Government
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Leader of the Provisional Government. (Russia)
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Alexander Kerensky
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In St. Petersburg the ________ was more powerful than the provisional government.
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Soviet
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The mistake of the provisional government was to ___________________. (Russia)
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continue the war
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Lenin's slogan.
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"Peace, Land, and Bread"
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Took over Government offices in October 1917. (Russia)
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Bolshevik Red Guards
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The second Russian Revolution of 1917 was a _____________.
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Coup d' etat
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Won a majority in the popular elections held in 1917.
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Social Revolutionaries
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When the Bolsheviks did not win a majority in the elections they ___________.
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closed the Assembly
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From 1918 to 1920 Russia was in __________.
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Civil War
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Those who fought against the Bolsheviks.
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White Army
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A mixture of: Czarists, Social Revolutionaries and Mensheviks.
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White Army
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Leader of the Red Army.
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Leon Trotsky
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Won the Russian Civil War.
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Red Army
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Was supported by the Allies (including the U.S.) in the Russian Civil War.
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White Army
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The government established by Lenin and the Bolsheviks was ___________.
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Communist
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Brutal secret police force of the Bolsheviks.
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Cheka
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Red Army officers were kept under close watch of _____.
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commissars
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Communist party officials.
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commissars
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In 1922, Lenin's communist government united much of the old Russian empire into the ____>
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Soviet Union
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/USSR
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Soviet Union
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According to the new Constitution of the Soviet Union all political power, resources, and means of production would belong to the _______.
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workers and peasants
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In reality in the Soviet Union the ______ held all of the power.
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Communist Party
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To help save the Soviet economy Lenin was forced to use some features of _______.
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capitalism
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Struggled for power after the death of Lenin.
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Trotsky and Stalin
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Took ruthless steps to win total power over the Soviet Union.
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Joseph Stalin
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In the 1900s much of Latin America's natural resources were controlled by ______.
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investors from other countries
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In Latin America in the early 1900s most of the power was held by ______.
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Military leaders and wealthy land owners
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Large farms in Mexico worked by the peasants owned by the rich.
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haciendas.
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When dictator Porfirio Diaz left office in Mexico in 1911 the ______________ began.
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Mexican Revolution
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He approved a new constitution that included land and labor reform when he was elected Mexico's president in 1917.
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Venustiano Carranza
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Made church land "the property of the nation," set a minimum wage and protected the right of workers' to strike in Mexico.
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Constitution of 1917
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Carranza's new government strengthened the government's control over the economy through ________.
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nationalization
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Government takeover of natural resources.
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nationalization
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Organized by the government it brings some stability to Mexico by accommodating some desires of business, military leaders, peasants and workers.
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PRI
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Institutional Revolutionary Party
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PRI
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Dominated Mexican politics from the 1930s until free elections in 2000.
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PRI
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Hurt Latin American economies as it did the rest of the world in the 1930s.
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Great Depression
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Became popular in Latin America as a result of the Great Depression.
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Economic Nationalism
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Home control of an economy.
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Economic Nationalism
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In Latin America in the 1930s it resulted in the rejection of European influences.
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Cultural Nationalism
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President Franklin Roosevelt's policy to stay out of Latin American politics.
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Good Neighbor policy
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In the 1900s controlled most of Africa and kept the best lands or themselves.
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Europeans
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From 1910 to 1940 blacks here lost the right to vote and were kept from certain jobs.
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South Africa
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The system of strict segregation that became law in South Africa in 1948.
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Apartheid
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A movement that called for the unity of Africans and those of African descent around the world.
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Pan-Africanism
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Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Dubois were leaders in the _______.
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Pan-African movement
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A movement in West Africa and the Caribbean, in which writers expressed pride in their African roots and protested colonial rule.
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negritude movement
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Overthrew the Ottoman ruler and created the Republic of Turkey.
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Mustafa Kemel
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Mustafa Kemal worked to __________.
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modernize Turkey
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Inspired by Mustafa Kemal he overthrew the Persian shah and worked to modernize Persia/Iran.
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Reza Khan
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Both Mustafa Kemal & Reza Khan replaced Islamic traditions with _____________.
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Western ways
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Arab nationalism.
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Pan-Arabism
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Arabs had hoped to gain independence after World War I but felt betrayed when ______.
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French and British took control of their lands.
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Jewish Nationalist dreamed of a homeland in ________.
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Palestine
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To show support for European Jews, Britain issued the _______.
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Balfour Declaration
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A statement advocating a homeland for Jews in Palestine in 1917.
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Balfour Declaration
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In April of 1919, British soldiers killed and wounded hundreds of peaceful Indian protesters.
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Amristar massacre
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Convinced Indians that their country should be independent of Britain.
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Amristar massacre
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For 20 years, he fought laws in South Africa that discriminated against Indians.
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Mohandas Gandhi
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Emerged as the leader of the Indian independence movement.
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Mohandas Gandhi
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Gandhi followed Henry David Thoreau's ideas of _______.
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civil disobedience
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The practice of not obeying unjust laws.
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civil disobedience
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Indians following Gandhi's nonviolent civil disobedience and British reactions slowly led to the British _______.
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giving some power to Indians
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When the Qing dynasty collapsed and Sun Yixian became president, China fell into chaos and __________.
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warlords battled for control
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Was issued by Japan during World War I in an attempt to give Japan control over China.
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Twenty-One Demands
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During the early 20th century China was weak and gave into many of _____.
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Japan's demands
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After World War I the allies gave Japan control over some former __________.
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German lands in China
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Was inspired by the Allies giving German lands in China to Japan.
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May Fourth Movement
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An intellectual movement to make China strong and to resist European imperialism through the use of Western ideas.
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May Fourth Movement
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Encouraged by the Soviet Union some Chinese turned to ______.
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Marxism
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Nationalist party in China
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Guomindang
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Leader of the Guomindang from the late 1920s until 1949.
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Jiang Jieshi
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Chiang Kai-Shek
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Jiang Jieshi
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Used the help of the Chinese communists to crush the warlords.
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Jiang Jieshi
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In the middle of his campaign against the warlords he turned on the communists and slaughtered many of them.
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Jiang Jieshi
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Becomes the leader of the Chinese Communists by seeking the support of the peasant masses.
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Mao Zedong
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A trek of 6000 miles by Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong to relocate their power base.
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The Long March
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The Guomindang under the leadership of Jiang Jieshi attacked the communists throughout the _____.
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Long March
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The Guomindang fought the Communists in a 22 year ______.
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Civil War
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Invaded China in 1937.
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Japan
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Because of the invasion Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong formed an alliance until the ________.
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Japanese threat ended
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Because of exports to the Allies Japan's economy grew during ______.
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World War I
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Became emperor of Japan in 1926.
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Hirohito
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During the 1920s Japan had a more ______.
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Liberal/democratic government
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A group of business leaders who manipulated politicians.
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Zaibatsu
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Were angry with the government of Japan for giving into Western demands and for accepting payoffs from the Zaibatsu
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Military leaders and ultranationalists
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Blew up railroad tracks in Manchuria and blamed it on the Chinese as an excuse to invade Manchuria.
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Japanese Militarists
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Increased their power in Japan throughout the 1930s.
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Military leaders and Ultranationalists
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In 1940 it signed an agreement with Italy and Germany to form the Axis Powers.
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Japan
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Shattered a sense of optimism which had grown in the West since the Enlightenment.
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World War I
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New technologies connected people around the world and created a ________ shared by the World's developed countries.
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mass culture
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African Americans combined Western harmonies with African rhythms to create____.
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Jazz
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Another name for the "Roaring Twenties" in the U.S.
|
Jazz Age
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During the 1920s many young people who had been disillusioned by the war rejected the moral values of the __________.
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Victorian Age
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Symbol of the rebellious Jazz Age youth.
|
flapper
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Nickname given to young women of the 1920s who defied convention and broke norms.
|
flapper
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New technologies and attitudes of the 1920s allowed some women to be emancipated from traditional roles and to pursue ________.
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careers
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The fact that many people opposed the freer lifestyle of the Jazz age was demonstrated by _______.
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Prohibition
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Outlawed the production and sale of alcohol in the U.S.
|
Prohibition (18th Amendment)
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Caused an explosion of organized crime in the U.S.
|
Prohibition
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|
Illegal bars.
|
Speakeasies
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Christian movement in the U.S. in the 1900s which stressed a more literal interpretation of the bible.
|
fundamentalism
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Brought national attention to the theory and teaching of evolution.
|
Scopes Trial
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Young adults in Europe and America in general, and writers in particular, who had become disillusioned with the world and Western values after World War I.
|
the Lost Generation
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Cultural movement where African American artists and writers explored and expressed pride in their unique culture.
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Harlem Renaissance
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Her findings and the findings of others proved that atoms were not solid and indivisible.
|
Marie Curie
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|
Measurements of space and time are not absolute but are determined by the relative position of the observer.
|
Theory of Relativity
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|
Developed the theory of relativity.
|
Albert Einstein
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Discovered that atoms could be split.
|
Enrico Fermi
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|
His discovery of penicillin paved the way for the development of antibiotics to treat infections.
|
Alexander Fleming
|
|
View that the subconscious mind drives much of behavior.
|
Psychoanalysis
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|
Founder of Psychoanalysis.
|
Sigmund Freud
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Abstract, dada, & surrealism were all artistic movements which broke from traditional styles and an effort to __________.
|
reproduce the real world
|
|
Attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind.
|
surrealism
|
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Largely responsible for the rise of authoritarian dictators in Europe following WWI.
|
failures of the Versailles Treaty
|
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Had to deal with growing socialism and the Irish question after WWI.
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Great Britain
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In 1922 it was divided into two parts; the largest part became an independent state, but the Northern part remained under English rule.
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Ireland
|
|
Fought a guerrilla war against the British before 1922 and continued to fight for Irish unification after 1922.
|
Irish Republican Army
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After WWI political parties here competed for power causing many changes in government.
|
France
|
|
In the U.S. fear of radicals and the Bolshevik Revolution resulted in police rounding up suspected foreign-born radicals, and expelling a number from the country.
|
Red Scare
|
|
French Fortifications against Germany.
|
Maginot Line
|
|
In 1925 Germany and France promised they would never again make war against each other
|
Locarno Pact
|
|
Almost every nation of the world agreed to renounce war as an instrument of national policy
|
Kellogg-Briand peace pact
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The Kellogg-Briand peace pact was NOT ____
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enforceable
|
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Attempts at making and ensuring peace among European nations in the 1920s. (including the Kellogg-Briand peace pact)
|
Spirit of Locarno
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In the spirit of Locarno the great powers pursued _______.
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disarmament
|
|
It was unable to stop aggression, a weakness noted by dictators.
|
League of Nations
|
|
Owed huge war debts to the U.S. after World War I.
|
Britain & France
|
|
In Great Britain in 1926 over three million workers went on a ________.
|
general strike
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Enjoyed an economic boom in the 1920s.
|
U.S.
|
|
Overproduction and a crisis in finance in the U.S. led to the _______.
|
Stock Market Crash
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Triggered a depression in the U.S. that spread world wide
|
Stock Market Crash
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|
Programs introduced by Franklin Roosevelt in an attempt to end the Great Depression.
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New Deal
|
|
Created a fertile ground for extremists who promised radical solutions.
|
Great Depression
|
|
Caused many people to lose faith in democracy.
|
Great Depression
|
|
First European country to become fascist.
|
Italy
|
|
Fascist dictator of Italy.
|
Benito Mussolini
|
|
Believed workers of all countries should unite in a class struggle
|
communists
|
|
Feared high inflation and or high unemployment might lead to a communist revolution
|
middle and upper class
|
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Have the most to lose in a communist revolution
|
middle and upper class
|
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Middle and upper classes supported Mussolini because they feared a ______-
|
communist revolution
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Won support in Italy by attacking communists
|
Benito Mussolini
|
|
Nickname for Mussolini's private troops he used to take power in Italy
|
Black shirts
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Mussolini and his Black shirts marched on Rome in _______ (year)
|
1922
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|
When Mussolini marched on Rome the Italian King asked him to form a government as ______.
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Prime Minister
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|
After Mussolini was named Prime Minister he used secret police and propaganda to ______-
|
eliminate all opposition
|
|
Extreme Nationalism, State supremacy, one party rule, retention of private property
|
Fascism
|
|
Want a planned economy with private ownership of the means of production
|
Fascists
|
|
Want a planned economy with public ownership of the means of production
|
Communists
|
|
Want to maintain the class system with an authoritarian government
|
Fascists
|
|
Want to do away with the class system with an authoritarian government.
|
Communists
|
|
Fascists believed the state should have an ______ leader
|
authoritarian
|
|
Both Fascists and Communists believe in
|
Dictatorial one-party rule
|
|
Under Fascism and Communism opposition was _____-
|
outlawed'
|
|
In Mussolini's new system loyalty to the state replaced ______.
|
individual goals
|
|
Mussolini brought the economy under state control but preserved _____.
|
capitalism
|
|
Mussolini's fascist government was the first _________.
|
totalitarian state
|
|
A one-party dictatorship attempts to control every aspect of citizens' lives.
|
totalitarian state
|
|
Under Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union developed into a _________.
|
totalitarian state
|
|
In the Soviet Union the government made most economic decisions.
|
command economy
|
|
Stalin wanted all peasants to farm on state owned farms.
|
collectives
|
|
Because farmers resisted collectivization Stalin seized all their grain and left peasants to starve.
|
Terror Famine
|
|
Fearing rival party leaders were plotting against him Stalin launched the _________.
|
Great Purge
|
|
Resulted in the killing or imprisonment of at least four million people in the Soviet Union.
|
Great Purge
|
|
Stalin's attempt to make non-Russian cultures in the Soviet Union more Russian.
|
russification
|
|
The communist party in Russia attempted to destroy the religious faith of the people to reinforce the official communist belief of ____.
|
atheism
|
|
Soviet leaders had two conflicting _________.
|
foreign policy goals
|
|
Soviets worked to spread worldwide communist revolution through the _______.
|
Comintern
|
|
At the same time they supported worldwide communist revolution the Soviets also wanted to strengthen their national security through the ______.
|
support of other countries
|
|
Did not completely destroy Germany but created a motive for revenge.
|
Versailles Treaty
|
|
Germany's solution to war reparations following WWI.
|
Printing money
|
|
Just printing money resulted in extremely high _______.
|
inflation
|
|
Economic problem in Germany from 1918-23.
|
inflation
|
|
Democratic Government set up in Germany after WWI.
|
Weimar Republic
|
|
Became a scapegoat for Germany's problems after WWI.
|
Weimar Republic
|
|
Germans blamed the Weimar Republic for their __________.
|
defeat in World War I
|
|
Was doomed to failure by the harshness of the Versailles Treaty.
|
Weimar Republic
|
|
Came out of WWI stronger than before. (countries)
|
U.S. & Japan
|
|
World War I resulted in the rise of unstable _________.
|
democracies
|
|
When difficulties arise people are often willing to sacrifice democracy in exchange for _________.
|
strong leadership
|
|
Avoiding political ties to other countries.
|
isolationism
|
|
After World War I Americans became ____.
|
isolationists
|
|
By the autumn of 1923 it was worthless
|
German Mark (unit of currency)
|
|
Enabled Germany to recover from its tremendous inflation
|
Dawes Plan
|
|
$200 million loan from American banks to stabilize German economy.
|
Dawes Plan
|
|
National Socialist German Worker's Party
|
Nazi
|
|
Became the fuehrer (leader) of the Nazi Party.
|
Adolf Hitler
|
|
Attempted a coup in Munich in 1923
|
Adolf Hitler
|
|
After the attempted coup in 1923 Hitler was
|
Imprisoned
|
|
While in prison Hitler wrote ______-
|
Mein Kampf
|
|
Set forth Hitler's objectives for Germany
|
Mein Kampf
|
|
Nazism was a form of ______
|
Fascism
|
|
Lost popularity during the prosperity of the 1920s
|
Nazis
|
|
Results in both Communists and Nazis gaining popularity in the 1930s
|
Great Depression
|
|
Because of the depression Germans began to feel they had to choose between _______
|
Communism and Nazism
|
|
Nazi private army
|
Storm Troopers
|
|
Engaged in terrorism to help the Nazis come to power
|
Storm Troopers
|
|
Nickname for the Nazi Storm Troopers
|
Brown Shirts
|
|
German initials for Storm Troopers
|
SA
|
|
Industrialists, upper class and the middle class backed Hitler because they feared they might lose everything to a ______
|
communist revolution
|
|
Ruling body under the Weimar Republic.
|
Reichstag
|
|
In 1933 President Hindenburg named Hitler
|
Chancellor
|
|
As Chancellor Hitler called for new______
|
Reichstag elections
|
|
Enabled the Nazis and their allies to win a majority of seats in the Reichstag.
|
Reichstag Fire
|
|
The Nazis blamed the Reichstag fire on the _____
|
Communists
|
|
After gaining a two-third majority the Nazi's passed the ______-
|
Enabling Act
|
|
The Enabling Act made Hitler the ______
|
Dictator of Germany
|
|
Dreaded elite corps of Nazi Germany
|
SS
|
|
Hitler's secret police.
|
Gestapo
|
|
Used by Hitler to eliminate opposition
|
Gestapo
|
|
The Gestapo was part of the ______
|
SS
|
|
Nickname for the SS
|
Black shirts
|
|
Head of the SS and the Gestapo
|
Heinrich Himmler
|
|
Nazi propaganda chief
|
Joseph Goebbels
|
|
Deprived Jews of German citizenship and political rights (1935)
|
Nuremburg Laws
|
|
Individuals are subordinate to the state but private property is retained
|
Fascism
|
|
German Fascism
|
Nazism
|
|
Fear of communism, resentment of Jews, resentment of the Treaty of Versailles, and the depression, helped _________
|
Hitler rise
|
|
Fascists generally believe in a superior____
|
race
|
|
Won support by offering simple solutions to complex problems
|
Dictators
|
|
Hoped to solve their nation's economic problems by building a Pacific empire
|
Japanese Militarists
|
|
In 1937 Japan went to war against ______
|
China
|
|
In 1936 Italy conquered
|
Ethiopia
|
|
Making concessions to avoid war.
|
Appeasement
|
|
When Hitler first began to violate the Treaty of Versailles, Britain and France followed a policy of _______.
|
Appeasement
|
|
Hitler began to violate it provisions step by step.
|
Versailles Treaty
|
|
First violation of the Versailles Treaty.
|
German Rearmament
|
|
After Hitler rearmed his second violation of the Versailles Treaty was to occupy the demilitarized zone of the _______.
|
Rhineland
|
|
Hitler annexed Austria with _______.
|
no resistance
|
|
Britain & France give up the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to maintain peace.
|
Munich Pact
|
|
Germany, Italy, and Japan (1936)
|
Axis Powers
|
|
Led revolt against the elected government in Spain.
|
Francisco Franco
|
|
Used German and Italian troops against Spain's Republican army.
|
Francisco Franco
|
|
During Spain's civil war western democracies _____.
|
remained neutral
|
|
The government established by Franco in Spain was _______.
|
Fascist
|
|
British Prime Minister famous for appeasement.
|
Neville Chamberlain
|
|
Hitler violated the Munich Pact by taking ____.
|
all of Czechoslovakia
|
|
Signed a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939. (shocked the world)
|
Soviet Union
|
|
Planned to divide Eastern Europe between them.
|
Hitler and Stalin
|
|
World War II started when Germany _____.
|
invaded Poland
|
|
Date of the beginning of World War II.
|
1939
|
|
German "lightning war"
|
Blitzkrieg
|
|
Quick surprise strikes by tanks supported by airplanes.
|
Blitzkrieg
|
|
After Hitler invaded Poland, Britain and France __________.
|
declared war on Germany
|
|
Followed Britain and France declaring war on Germany.
|
Phony War
|
|
No fighting on land between the Allies and Germany.
|
Phony War
|
|
Those who fought against the Axis Powers.
|
Allies
|
|
Hitler's armies simply went around it from the North.
|
Maginot Line
|
|
Hitler used the Blitzkrieg to overrun this country in about a month in 1940.
|
France
|
|
British rescued 300,000 troops out of France at this port.
|
Dunkirk
|
|
Succeeded Neville Chamberlain as Britain's Prime Minister.
|
Winston Churchill
|
|
Hitler wanted to crush this country's air force to prepare to invade it.
|
Britain
|
|
The British RAF defeated the German Luftwaffe.
|
Battle of Britain
|
|
New technology used by Britain in the Battle of Britain.
|
Radar
|
|
German Air Force.
|
Luftwaffe
|
|
RAF
|
Royal Air Force
|
|
Commander of the Luftwaffe
|
Herman Goering
|
|
Prevented a German invasion of Britain.
|
Battle of Britain
|
|
Head of the Soviet Union during WWII.
|
Joseph Stalin
|
|
After Hitler was unable to invade Britain he broke his non-aggression pact and invaded ____.
|
the Soviet Union
|
|
Ripped through the Soviet Union at first.
|
Blitzkrieg
|
|
Allowed Roosevelt to send war supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.
|
Lend-lease Act
|
|
U.S. President during World War II.
|
Franklin Roosevelt
|
|
Official leader of Japan during World War II.
|
Emperor Hirohito
|
|
Dominated Japan prior to and during World War II.
|
Militarists
|
|
Proposed Japanese Empire. (name)
|
Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere
|
|
Japan went to war to obtain an empire for ______.
|
raw materials
|
|
Brought the U.S. into World War II.
|
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
|
|
Planned and executed the attack on Pearl Harbor.
|
Admiral Yamamoto
|
|
The U.S. entered World War II in ________. (year)
|
1941
|
|
Critical new naval weapon of WWII.
|
Aircraft Carrier
|
|
Turning point in the Pacific War.
|
Battle of Midway
|
|
Commander of the American Pacific fleet directed the victory at the Battle of Midway.
|
Admiral Nimitz
|
|
The Selective Service Act in 1940 was the first U.S. _________.
|
peacetime draft
|
|
Main cause of the loss of civilian lives.
|
bombing by airplanes
|
|
Hitler's plan to murder all the Jews.
|
"Final Solution"
|
|
Wartime hysteria in the U.S. resulted in the _____.
|
internment of Japanese Americans
|
|
Nazi destruction of the Jews. (6 million killed)
|
Holocaust
|
|
Nazis sent Jews and political opponents to ____.
|
Concentration camps
|
|
Nazis forced Jews, poles, & Soviet Slavs to work as _____.
|
slave labor
|
|
Hitler believed they were a master race.
|
Aryans
|
|
Carried out Hitler's policy of exterminating the Jews.
|
SS
|
|
Americans and British troops first fought together in ______. (place)
|
North Africa
|
|
From North Africa the Allies attacked ______. (in 1943)
|
Sicily and Italy
|
|
Desert Fox, German General who at first had great success against the Allies in North Africa, eventually his army was driven back and forced to surrender.
|
Erwin Rommel
|
|
Beginning of the end of the war in Europe.
|
Invasion of Normandy
|
|
The Allied invasion of France forced Hitler to fight a war on _____.
|
two fronts
|
|
Beginning of the invasion of Normandy.
|
D-Day
|
|
Year of D-Day.
|
1944
|
|
Commanding General of the invasion of Normandy.
|
Dwight Eisenhower
|
|
Wanted the U.S. & Britain to open a second front in France. (person)
|
Joseph Stalin
|
|
Turning point of the war in the Soviet Union.
|
Battle of Stalingrad
|
|
Defeated Germany in Russia. (a major factor)
|
Russian Winter
|
|
Soviets and Americans met in Germany at the _______.
|
River Elbe
|
|
Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders.
|
V.E. Day
|
|
Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin met to plan the end of the war.
|
Yalta Conference
|
|
Strategy to defeat Japan in the Pacific.
|
Island hopping
|
|
U.S. policy of leap frogging over Islands that were well fortified by the Japanese and attacking less fortified islands that strategically enabled the U.S. to move toward Japan.
|
Island hopping
|
|
With the use of blockades islands which were leap frogged were left to _____.
|
"wither on the vine"
|
|
Truman ordered the dropping of the Atomic Bomb to avoid _______.
|
invading Japan
|
|
Two cities hit by nuclear bombs (in order)
|
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
|
|
World War II ended in _______. (year)
|
1945
|
|
The number of deaths in World War II was as many as ________.
|
50 million
|
|
Created at the end of World War II to keep the peace.
|
United Nations
|
|
Nazis tried for war crimes.
|
Nuremburg Trials
|
|
World Powers after World War II.
|
U.S. and U.S.S.R.
|
|
As soon as World War II was ended distrust and different philosophies led to the _____.
|
Cold War
|
|
Tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1990.
|
Cold War
|
|
Stalin's threat to Greece and Turkey after the war resulted in the _____.
|
Truman Doctrine
|
|
Policy that the U.S. would resist the spread of Communism throughout the world.
|
Truman Doctrine
|
|
To strengthen democracies, the U.S. offered food and economic aid to Europe.
|
Marshall Plan
|
|
Forced the Soviets to end their blockade of West Berlin.
|
Allied Airlift
|
|
New alliance formed by the U.S. and nine other countries in 1949.
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
|
|
The Soviet Counter to NATO.
|
Warsaw Pact
|
|
Nonviolent hostility between the U.S. & Soviet Union that arose during the 1950s.
|
Cold War
|
|
Emerged from World War II as superpowers.
|
U.S. & Soviet Union
|
|
Resulted in competing Communist & Western alliances.
|
Cold War
|
|
One contributing factor to the Cold War was the fact that Stalin broke a promise he had made at Yalta for ___________.
|
free elections in Eastern Europe
|
|
Both the U.S. & the Soviet Union formed them with the countries they protected or occupied.
|
military alliances.
|
|
Consisted of the U.S. and its Western European allies.
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
|
|
Included the Soviet Union and its satellite countries.
|
Warsaw Pact
|
|
A country whose policies are dictated by another country.
|
satellite
|
|
Division of Europe into Communist and Democratic regions.
|
Iron Curtain
|
|
At Yalta they agreed to divide it into four occupation zones.
|
Germany
|
|
The occupation zones resulted in a democratic and a communist _________.
|
Germany
|
|
Democratic Germany
|
West Germany
|
|
Communist Germany
|
East Germany
|
|
In addition to dividing Germany after WWII ________ was also divided.
|
Berlin
|
|
West Berlin was completely surrounded by ________.
|
East Germany
|
|
Was created so people could not escape to West Berlin.
|
Berlin wall
|
|
In East Germany, Poland, Hungary, & Czechoslovakia there were revolts against____.
|
Soviet domination
|
|
USSR
|
Soviet Union
|
|
First major leader to succeed Stalin.
|
Nikita Khrushchev
|
|
When the Soviets developed Nuclear Weapons in 1949 the result was a _________.
|
Nuclear arms race
|
|
Building up nuclear weapons to keep an opponent from using their nuclear weapons.
|
nuclear deterrence
|
|
The belief that if nuclear weapons were balanced between sides, neither side would use its weapons because it would result in their own destruction.
|
Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)
|
|
Made the U.S. & USSR reluctant to become involved in direct military conflict.
|
fear of global nuclear destruction
|
|
To reduce the threat of nuclear war the two sides met in ______.
|
disarmament talks
|
|
Resulted in two agreements, one in 1972 & one in 1979, to limit the number of nuclear weapons.
|
SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
|
|
Missiles designed to shoot down incoming missiles.
|
Anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs)
|
|
ABMs were dealt with in SALT treaties because of the fear that they might make _____.
|
Nuclear deterrence ineffective
|
|
Missile defense program launched by Ronald Reagan.
|
Star Wars
|
|
Critics of the Star Wars defense system believed it violated an ______.
|
ABM treaty
|
|
Nuclear Arms treaty reached in 1991.
|
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
|
|
American and Soviet arms control agreements led to an era of _________.
|
détente
|
|
Relaxation of tensions between the U.S. and the USSR in the 1970s.
|
détente
|
|
As more nations developed nuclear weapons, a group of nations agreed not to develop nuclear weapons or stop their proliferation.
|
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
|
|
Ended the period of détente.
|
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
|
|
When WWII ended the Soviets were assisting communist forces in ________.
|
China & Korea
|
|
Doctrine giving military and economic aid to help countries block communist takeovers.
|
Truman Doctrine
|
|
The Truman doctrine was in effect the policy of _____.
|
containment
|
|
U.S. leaders attempted to keep communism from spreading to other nations in a policy of ______.
|
containment
|
|
As nations sought independence from imperial powers after WWII some sought the support of the U.S. others sought the support of the ___.
|
Soviet Union
|
|
At times the Cold War got "hot" and erupted into "shooting wars" especially in _______.
|
Korea & Vietnam
|
|
Led a successful revolution and Communist takeover in Cuba.
|
Fidel Castro
|
|
Unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by U.S. trained Cuban exiles supported by President Kennedy.
|
Bay of Pigs
|
|
Kennedy uses naval blockade to stop Soviet nuclear weapons from being placed in Cuba.
|
Cuban Missile Crisis
|
|
While Western democracies supported free markets Communism supported a _____.
|
command economy
|
|
Production & prices are based on supply and demand.
|
free market
|
|
Production & prices are determined by the government.
|
command economy
|
|
Fear that communists inside the U.S. might try to undermine the government. (late 1940s early 1950s)
|
Red Scare (actually second Red Scare)
|
|
Led a hunt for communists he thought were in the U.S. government.
|
Senator Joseph McCarthy
|
|
The newly created United Nations' headquarters were in ______.
|
New York City
|
|
During the 1950s and 1960s the U.S. experienced a post war economic _____.
|
boom
|
|
During the post war boom many Americans left the cities for the _____.
|
suburbs
|
|
The post war economic boom was brought to an end by ________.
|
high oil prices
|
|
The post war economic boom ended with the _______.
|
recession of 1974
|
|
Despite the post war economic boom in the U.S. minorities still suffered from __________.
|
segregation & discrimination
|
|
Even though it made segregated schools unconstitutional it did not end the practice in the South.
|
Brown versus Board of Education
|
|
Gifted preacher who emerged as a leader of the Civil Rights movement.
|
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
|
|
The civil rights movement inspired the women's rights movement to end _______.
|
gender based discrimination
|
|
The U.S. gave massive economic aid which revived Western European economies after WWII.
|
Marshall Plan
|
|
After WWII many Western democracies started to move toward assuming the basic responsibility for people's economic well being by building the ________.
|
Welfare State
|
|
The Welfare state requires higher _____.
|
taxes
|
|
Promoted free trade and economic cooperation among the nations of Western Europe. (formed 1957)
|
European Community (Common Market)
|
|
Led the U.S. occupation of Japan after WWII.
|
General Douglas MacArthur
|
|
Under U.S. occupation Japan established a parliamentary democracy and experienced an amazing _________.
|
economic recovery
|
|
Japan's economic miracle relied on _____.
|
exports
|
|
After Japan's defeat civil war resumed in China between the ____________.
|
Communists & Nationalists
|
|
Leader of the Communists in China after WWII.
|
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
|
|
Leader of the Nationalists in China after WWII.
|
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)
|
|
Communists won control of mainland China in _____. (year)
|
1949
|
|
The communists won in China in large part because they won the support of the _____.
|
peasants
|
|
After defeat the Chinese Nationalists fled to ____.
|
Taiwan
|
|
Under Chinese communism Buddhism, Confucianism and other traditional beliefs were ____.
|
suppressed
|
|
Mao forced people to move from small villages and individual farms to communes of thousands of people on thousands of acres.
|
Great Leap Forward
|
|
The "Great Leap Forward" proved to be a dismal failure and as many as 55 million Chinese are thought to have ___________.
|
starved to death
|
|
Mao Zedong put down any dissent with ___.
|
beatings, imprisonment, & execution
|
|
In 1966 Mao urged young Chinese to purge China of "bourgeois" tendencies in the ____.
|
Cultural Revolution
|
|
Resulted in bands of Chinese teenagers humiliating, beating, and even killing anybody they considered to be "bourgeois."
|
Cultural Revolution
|
|
Skilled workers & managers were forced to work on farms or in labor camps in China.
|
Cultural Revolution
|
|
It resulted in a slowed economy and the threat of civil war until Mao had the army restore order.
|
Cultural Revolution
|
|
When China first became communist it was supported by the Soviet Union but as the two nations grew to distrust each other the Soviets _______.
|
withdrew their aid and advisors
|
|
By "playing the China card" or improving relations with Communist China the U.S. hoped to _____.
|
isolate the Soviets
|
|
In 1971 the U.S. allowed the Communists to replace Taiwan in the United Nations and in 1979 the U.S. established _________.
|
diplomatic relations with China.
|
|
After WWII the U.S. and Soviet forces agreed to divide this nation at the 38th parallel.
|
Korea
|
|
Communist Dictator of North Korea after WWII.
|
Kim Il Sung
|
|
The North Koreans attacked the South in June of _________.
|
1950
|
|
Because of the absence of the Soviet Union it condemned the North Korean invasion and used a force made up mostly of U.S. troops to fight the North Koreans.
|
United Nations
|
|
The North Koreans overran most of the South until they were stopped by the U.N. forces, the U.N. forces then counter attacked and drove back close to the ______.
|
Chinese border
|
|
After Mao Zedong sent hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops to help the North Koreans the U.N. forces were driven back to the _____.
|
38th parallel
|
|
The Korean War turned into a stalemate and both sides signed an armistice to end fighting in ____. (year)
|
1953
|
|
After the Korean War nearly two million North and South Koreans remained dug in on either side of the _____.
|
demilitarized zone (DMZ)
|
|
Conquered Indochina in the 1800s and controlled it until it was overrun by Japan in WWII.
|
French
|
|
During WWII the Japanese faced stiff resistance in Indochina (especially in Vietnam) from _______.
|
guerrillas
|
|
Small groups of loosely organized soldiers who make surprise raids.
|
guerrillas
|
|
After the Japanese were defeated they set out to re-establish authority in Indochina.
|
French
|
|
Leader of the Vietnamese who fought the French.
|
Ho Chi Minh
|
|
Ho Chi Minh was both a nationalist and a ______.
|
communist
|
|
Vietnamese victory over the French in 1954 that convinced the French to leave Vietnam
|
Dienbienphu
|
|
Indochina countries that had gained independence separate from Vietnam.
|
Cambodia & Laos
|
|
After 1954 the struggle for Vietnam became part of the _______.
|
Cold War
|
|
After 1954 Western and communist powers agreed to a temporary division of _______.
|
Vietnam
|
|
After Vietnam was divided Ho Chi Minh's communists controlled North Vietnam and South Vietnam was controlled by noncommunist led by ____.
|
Ngo Dinh Diem
|
|
Ngo Dinh Diem and the South Vietnamese were supported by the ______.
|
United States
|
|
The agreement to divide Vietnam included an agreement to hold elections to reunite Vietnam, these elections were never held because _______.
|
Diem and the U.S. feared the communists would win
|
|
The majority of South Vietnamese actually supported ___________.
|
Ho Chi Minh
|
|
Catholic and pro-French Vietnamese favored ___.
|
South Vietnam
|
|
The U.S. supported Ngo Dinh Diem's regime because they feared the _________.
|
spread of communism
|
|
Ngo Dinh Diem's dictatorial regime alienated many Vietnamese because of its __________.
|
corruption and brutal tactics
|
|
Many Vietnamese believed South Vietnam was under the foreign domination of the ____.
|
U.S.
|
|
By the early 1960s many South Vietnamese communist guerrilla fighters, with the support of North Vietnam were fighting against the ____.
|
South Vietnamese forces
|
|
Belief that if one country falls to communism its neighbors would also fall.
|
Domino Theory
|
|
National Liberation Front, the South Vietnamese communist rebels trying to overthrow the government of South Vietnam.
|
Viet Cong
|
|
Ho Chi Minh determined to unite Vietnam supported the _____.
|
Viet Cong
|
|
The first attack on an American destroyer by the North Vietnamese was provoked by a South Vietnamese raid on the North, the second attack didn't actually happen, it was only a false sonar reading.
|
Gulf of Tonkin Incident
|
|
Claimed that both the first attack in the Gulf of Tonkin and the second (which didn't happen) were both unprovoked.
|
President Lyndon Johnson
|
|
Used the Gulf of Tonkin Incident to get congress to authorize his enormous escalation of U.S. forces in Vietnam.
|
President Lyndon Johnson
|
|
In August of 1964 it was passed by Congress giving President Johnson the authority to use whatever force he thought necessary in Vietnam.
|
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
|
|
Number of U.S. men sent to Vietnam from 1964 to 1973.
|
2.5 million
|
|
A large percentage of the men who served in Vietnam and often as high as two thirds of the men who served in combat were______.
|
drafted
|
|
About 80% of the soldiers who served in Vietnam came from the ______.
|
working and lower classes
|
|
U.S. Soldiers in Vietnam were generally not trying to take more territory, their primary objective was to increase the _______.
|
body count
|
|
Because they came from the Vietnamese peasants the U.S. soldiers had a great deal of difficulty finding and identifying the _______.
|
Viet Cong
|
|
Because many Vietnamese villagers gave refuge to the Viet Cong the villages themselves sometimes became _____.
|
military targets
|
|
A coordinated attack against cities and bases in South Vietnam by the Viet Cong & North Vietnamese in 1968.
|
Tet Offensive
|
|
Converted many Americans to the view that the Vietnam war could not be won.
|
Tet Offensive
|
|
Due to opposition to the Vietnam war he chose not to run for reelection in 1968.
|
Lyndon Johnson
|
|
Under increasing pressure to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam he negotiated the Paris Peace Accord in 1973.
|
Richard Nixon
|
|
The U.S. agreed to withdraw its troops and North Vietnam agreed not to send any more troops into the South.
|
Paris Peace Accord
|
|
Two years after the U.S. had withdrawn from Vietnam the _______.
|
North Vietnamese conquered South Vietnam
|
|
Also fell to communism after the U.S. withdrew from Vietnam
|
Cambodia & Laos
|
|
Communist guerrillas who came to power in Cambodia.
|
Khmer Rouge
|
|
Ruler of the Khmer Rouge who oversaw work camps and the genocide of more than a million Cambodians.
|
Pol Pot
|
|
After Cambodia and Laos communism did not spread any farther in ______.
|
Southeast Asia
|
|
It was unable to produce the incentive in the people to produce enough goods to keep the people happy.
|
command economy
|
|
When Hungarians tried to break free, of Soviet control in 1956, he sent tanks in to enforce obedience.
|
Nikita Khrushchev
|
|
Brief period of liberalization in Czechoslovakia in 1968.
|
Prague Spring
|
|
Ordered the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 to halt the reform movement there.
|
Leonid Brezhnev
|
|
The Cold War arms race put more pressure on the Soviets than the U.S. because of the ____.
|
Stagnant Soviet economy
|
|
The Soviet Vietnam.
|
Afghanistan
|
|
The Soviet supported government of Afghanistan attempted to ________.
|
modernize
|
|
Afghan warlords opposed _______.
|
land redistribution
|
|
Afghan Muslims opposed communist _____.
|
atheism
|
|
When rebels attempted to overthrow the Soviet backed government of Afghanistan _____.
|
Soviet troops moved in
|
|
Muslim religious warriors who fought the Soviets in Afghanistan.
|
Mujahedin
|
|
Soviet leader who came to power and urged reforms in 1985.
|
Mikhail Gorbachev
|
|
Signed arms control treaties with the U.S. and pulled Soviet troops out of Afghanistan.
|
Mikhail Gorbachev
|
|
Gorbachev's policy of openness and ending censorship.
|
glasnost
|
|
Gorbachev's policy of restructuring the government and the economy.
|
perestroika
|
|
Gorbachev's policies actually spread unrest across the ______.
|
Soviet empire
|
|
Independent labor union that demanded changes in Poland.
|
Solidarity
|
|
Leader of Solidarity and eventually president of Poland.
|
Lech Walesa
|
|
Dissident writer and human rights activists who gets elected president of Czechoslovakia.
|
Vaclav Havel
|
|
The Berlin Wall came down in 1989 and in 1990 __________.
|
Germany was reunified
|
|
When Gorbachev was prepared to sign a treaty reducing the power of the soviet government in 1991 ______________.
|
Communist hardliners tried to seize control
|
|
Russian President who defied the Communist hardliners and forced them to give up control.
|
Boris Yeltsin
|
|
On December 8, 1991, leaders of the Soviet Republics agreed to _______.
|
dissolve the Soviet Union
|
|
In 1992 it was divided into Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
|
Czechoslovakia
|
|
In the 1940s, tension between Hindus and Muslims led to violence in ______.
|
India
|
|
The British decided to partition India into ____.
|
two countries
|
|
After the British partition areas where Hindus were a majority became ____.
|
India
|
|
After the British partition areas where Muslims were a majority became _____.
|
Pakistan
|
|
Pakistan and India became independent nations in _____.
|
1947
|
|
After the partition of India millions of Muslims and Hindus moved to the country where their _________.
|
faith was the majority
|
|
As Muslims and Hindus moved to new countries on the Indian sub-continent they often ____.
|
attacked and killed each other
|
|
India and Pakistan have fought wars over the disputed region of ________.
|
Kashmir
|
|
The tension between India and Pakistan is of even greater concern to the rest of the world because they both have developed ______.
|
nuclear weapons
|
|
The British colony of Ceylon gained independence in 1948 and changed its name in 1972 to _____.
|
Sri Lanka
|
|
In Sri Lanka the minority Hindu Tamils have fought for a separate nation against the majority _____.
|
Sinhalese Buddhist majority
|
|
India's first Prime Minister made attempts to improve the conditions of the dalits (outcastes).
|
Jawaharlal Nehru
|
|
When Nehru died in office his daughter replaced him in office.
|
Indira Gandhi
|
|
Religious minority in India but the majority in the province of Punjab.
|
Sikhs
|
|
In 1984, in an effort to gain independence for Punjab, Sikhs occupied their holiest shrine the __________.
|
Golden Temple
|
|
After talks failed she sent troops to oust the Sikhs from the Golden Temple and Thousands of Sikhs were killed.
|
Indira Gandhi
|
|
She was killed by her Sikh bodyguards.
|
Indira Gandhi
|
|
World's most populated democracy.
|
India
|
|
A thousand miles separated West Pakistan from _______.
|
East Pakistan
|
|
In 1971 the Bengalis declared East Pakistan an independent nation ____.
|
Bangladesh
|
|
Pakistan tried to crush the Bengali rebels, but the rebels were successful because of support from ___.
|
India
|
|
A new movement started in 1955 which supported political and diplomatic independence from both Cold War superpowers.
|
nonalignment
|
|
In Southeast Asia Thailand and Malaysia have prospered as __________.
|
market economies
|
|
In Southeast Asia Myanmar has suffered under _____.
|
autocratic government
|
|
A nation of 13,000 islands gained independence after WWII and is 90% Muslim.
|
Indonesia
|
|
When Indonesia first won independence it was ____.
|
democratic
|
|
In 1966, an army general, Suharto took power and ruled as dictator until 1998.
|
Indonesia
|
|
After Suharto was forced to resign in 1998, a series of democratically elected governments tried to restore stability.
|
Indonesia
|
|
In 1975 Indonesia seized the former Portuguese colony _____.
|
East Timor
|
|
Mostly Catholic fought and gained independence from Indonesia in 2002.
|
East Timor
|
|
Gained freedom from U.S. control in 1946.
|
Philippines.
|
|
The Filipino constitution created a democratic government but politics were controlled by a ______.
|
wealthy elite
|
|
Elected President of the Philippines in 1965, abandoned democracy and made himself dictator.
|
Ferdinand Marcos
|
|
When Marcos finally held elections in 1986 she was elected.
|
Corazon Aquino
|
|
Marcos tried to deny the results and prevent Aquino from becoming president, but demonstrations in Manila forced him to resign.
|
"people power" revolution
|
|
In the Philippines, communist and Muslim rebels continue to _______.
|
fight across the country
|
|
After WWII many African nations demanded independence, a few developed peace and democracy, but most experienced _________.
|
civil wars, military rule, or corrupt dictators
|
|
Because Europeans had divided Africa into colonies without regard for ethnic groups, when African countries did gain independence they often had ________.
|
ethnic conflicts
|
|
Most of the people in the Middle East are ______. (religion)
|
Muslim
|
|
There are Christian and other religious minorities in the Middle East and Israel is largely _______.
|
Jewish
|
|
Borders drawn by Europeans divided their homeland among Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.
|
Kurds
|
|
In all the countries where they live Kurds are a _____.
|
minority
|
|
Kurds have faced the greatest discrimination in ________.
|
Turkey & Iraq
|
|
Jews had been driven out of what is today Palestine in the first century, but started to return in the _______.
|
1800s
|
|
The Holocaust created worldwide support for a _______.
|
Jewish Homeland in Palestine
|
|
After WWII Jews migrated in large numbers to ______.
|
Palestine
|
|
The U.N. drew up a plan to divide Palestine into an ______.
|
Arab and a Jewish state
|
|
Rejected the idea of a Jewish state in Palestine.
|
Arabs
|
|
When Britain withdrew from Palestine the Jews proclaimed the independent state of ______.
|
Israel
|
|
After Israel declared its independence the Arabs ______.
|
launched the first of several wars against them
|
|
Victors in the Arab Israeli wars.
|
Israel
|
|
As a result of the first Arab Israeli war 700,000 Palestinian Arabs ________.
|
fled Palestine
|
|
The Middle East is of great importance to the U.S. and other powers because of its huge ______.
|
oil reserves
|
|
The Middle East nations with large oil reserves are part of _________.
|
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
|
|
In 1973, OPEC blocked oil shipments to the U.S. to protest the ________.
|
U.S. support of Israel
|
|
The OPEC oil embargo contributed to a _____.
|
World Wide Recession
|
|
Some Middle Eastern countries have secular, or non-religious, _________.
|
governments & laws
|
|
By the 1970s some Muslim leaders were calling for a return to ___________.
|
Sharia law
|
|
Laws based upon the Quran and the Hadith.
|
Sharia law
|
|
Their rights are severely limited in countries governed by Sharia law.
|
Women
|
|
Is strategically important because it shares a border with Israel and controls the Suez Canal.
|
Egypt
|
|
Seized power in Egypt in 1952, worked to modernize Egypt and end Western domination.
|
Gamel Abdel Nasser
|
|
Nationalized the Suez Canal ending British and French Control. (person)
|
Gamel Abdel Nasser
|
|
Nasser fought two unsuccessful wars against __.
|
Israel
|
|
Nasser's successor who made peace with Israel.
|
Anwar Sadat
|
|
Assassinated Anwar Sadat for not ending corruption & poverty & for making peace with Israel.
|
Muslim fundamentalists (Islamists)
|
|
Ruled Iran, with U.S. support.
|
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
|
|
The Shah's attempts to Westernize Iran upset _________.
|
Islamic Fundamentalists
|
|
The Shah's secret police used terror to drive his critics into ______.
|
exile
|
|
In the 1970s the Shah's foes rallied behind the cleric ___________.
|
Ayatollah Khomeini
|
|
Massive protests drove the Shah into exile, Khomeini returned and Iran became an ____.
|
Islamic Republic
|
|
After the Iranian Revolution Islamists seized the American embassy and held 52 Americans ____.
|
hostage for more than a year
|
|
Many wars and conflicts have arisen over _______.
|
ethnic or religious differences.
|
|
Religious and ethnic differences have often led to _______.
|
civil wars
|
|
A war between the people of the same country.
|
civil war
|
|
Though they have great religious and ethnic diversity they have avoided internal conflict because they have distributed economic and political power among various groups. (2 Southeast Asian nations)
|
Malaysia and Singapore
|
|
Conflicts occur because one religious or ethnic group believes it is being ________.
|
discriminated against by another group.
|
|
Were excluded from power by the Sinhalese Buddhists.
|
Hindu Tamils
|
|
Rebelled against the Sinhalese Buddhists in Sri Lanka
|
Hindu Tamils
|
|
Would not agree to a ceasefire until 2002 when the Sri Lanka government agreed to negotiations for a separate ______________.
|
Tamil regional government
|
|
Felt they were mistreated by the English speaking majority in Canada.
|
French speaking people in Quebec
|
|
French speaking people in Quebec were able to get support for their language and culture through ____.
|
democratic means
|
|
Won independence from Great Britain in 1922.
|
Ireland
|
|
Six northern counties which remained apart of Great Britain and had a protestant majority.
|
Northern Ireland
|
|
Faced economic and political discrimination in Northern Ireland.
|
Catholics
|
|
The majority faith in the Republic of Ireland.
|
Catholic
|
|
The Catholics in Northern Ireland wanted Northern Ireland unified with the __________.
|
Republic of Ireland.
|
|
Attacked Protestants in Northern Ireland and engaged in terrorism against Britain.
|
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
|
|
Attacked Catholics in Northern Ireland.
|
Protestant militia
|
|
Protestants and Catholics signed a peace accord in Ireland in 1998.
|
Good Friday Agreement
|
|
Even after the Good Friday Agreement there were still episodes of violence in ______.
|
Northern Ireland
|
|
In several former Soviet Republics ethnic minorities fought for freedom from ______.
|
domination by the republics' majority
|
|
Chechen Muslims fought to free Chechnya from ____.
|
Russia
|
|
In the mid-1990s Russia brutally crushed a _______.
|
Chechen revolt
|
|
In 1999 when new fighting erupted Russian troops won control of Grozny the _____.
|
Capital of Chechnya
|
|
When some Chechens turned to terrorist attacks elsewhere in Russia, Russians claimed the Chechens rebels were linked to _____.
|
Muslim terrorists in other parts of the world.
|
|
In the 1990s Yugoslavia was torn apart by _______.
|
ethnic, nationalist, & religious tensions.
|
|
Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Croats, Slovenes, Bosniaks and Albanians made up the ethnic groups of ___.
|
Yugoslavia
|
|
Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Macedonia were the _______.
|
six republics of Yugoslavia before 1991
|
|
Prior to 1991 Yugoslavia was held together by the communist party dominated by _____.
|
Serbia
|
|
Serbs were the majority in Serbia but were minorities in the other ___.
|
Yugoslav republics
|
|
Tried in vane to control Yugoslavia after the fall of communism.
|
Serbians
|
|
After Croatia and Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 fighting broke out in Croatia between _______.
|
Croats and Serbs
|
|
By 1992 Macedonia & Bosnia had declared independence from ________.
|
Yugoslavia
|
|
In 2003 Yugoslavia was renamed _____.
|
Serbia & Montenegro
|
|
When Bosnia declared independence the Bosnia Serbs fought to set up their own ________.
|
government in Bosnia
|
|
Bosnia Serbs received money & arms from ______.
|
Serbs in Yugoslavia
|
|
Fought the Serbs in Bosnia.
|
Muslim Bosniaks
|
|
Bosnia Serbs engaged in vicious attacks against the Bosniaks called ____.
|
ethnic cleansing
|
|
Attempts to kill or remove other ethnics to create ethnically "pure" areas.
|
ethnic cleansing
|
|
Croats attempted it against the Serbs in Croatia.
|
ethnic cleansing
|
|
Ethnic cleansing sometimes resulted in ______.
|
mass executions
|
|
The Bosnian Serbs and the other warring parties were forced to negotiate by ______.
|
NATO air strikes
|
|
Ended the war in Bosnia in 1995.
|
Dayton Accords
|
|
Serbian province that was 90% Albanian.
|
Kosovo
|
|
Serbian President who in 1989 began oppressing Kosovar Albanians.
|
Slobodan Milosevic
|
|
After peaceful protests led to greater repression Albanian guerrillas from Kosovo began in the mid-1990s to attack _____.
|
Serbian targets
|
|
In 1999, NATO launched strikes against _______.
|
Serbia
|
|
In Kosovo the Yugoslavian/Serbian military attempted it against the Albanians.
|
ethnic cleansing
|
|
Forced Yugoslavia to withdraw its forces from Kosovo.
|
NATO air strikes
|
|
Restored the peace in Kosovo.
|
U.N. & NATO forces
|
|
Although Kosovo remained a part of Serbia in theory after 1999 it was under the control of the ___.
|
UN
|
|
When South Africa won independence in 1910, freedom was limited to the minority ________.
|
White settlers
|
|
Expanded system of racial segregation in South Africa began in 1948.
|
Apartheid
|
|
The main organization that opposed apartheid and led the struggle for majority rule. Outlawed in 1960.
|
African National Congress (ANC)
|
|
In 1960 police gunned down 69 men, women, and children during a peaceful demonstration in a black township in South Africa
|
Sharpeville Massacre
|
|
Pushed the ANC to shift from nonviolent protest to armed struggle.
|
Sharpeville Massacre
|
|
At first organized young South Africans to peacefully resist apartheid laws.
|
Nelson Mandela
|
|
As government violence grew he joined militants who called for armed struggle.
|
Nelson Mandela
|
|
ANC leader.
|
Nelson Mandela
|
|
Arrested, tried and condemned to life in prison for treason against apartheid.
|
Nelson Mandela
|
|
Even in prison he was a powerful leader and symbol in the struggle for freedom in South Africa.
|
Nelson Mandela
|
|
In 1984 a South African bishop who won the Nobel Peace Prize for nonviolent opposition to apartheid.
|
Desmond Tutu
|
|
South African president pressured to end apartheid.
|
F.W. de Klerk
|
|
Lifted the ban on the ANC. (1990)
|
F.W. de Klerk
|
|
Pressured to free Nelson Mandela (1990)
|
F.W. de Klerk
|
|
In 1994 becomes the country's first true president of a democratic South Africa.
|
Nelson Mandela
|
|
Since gaining independence from Belgium, in 1962, the central African countries of Rwanda and Burundi have been dominated by the conflict between the _________.
|
Tutsis & Hutus
|
|
In 1994 when a plane carrying the Hutu presidents of Rwanda & Burundi was shot down Hutu extremists urged civilians to _____.
|
kill their Tutsi & moderate Hutu neighbors
|
|
In the 1994 massacre in Rwanda about ______.
|
800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus were killed.
|
|
After Tutsi rebels win control in Rwanda in 1994 about 1 million Hutus fearful of revenge became ______.
|
refugees in Zaire & Tanzania
|
|
North eastern country in Africa, that has an Arab Muslim north dominating a non-Muslim, non-Arab south.
|
Sudan
|
|
Ethnic conflict causes civil war between the Islamic government and the non-Muslim rebels. (Northeastern African country)
|
Sudan
|
|
Sudan's western region
|
Darfur
|
|
Area in Sudan where the government backed Arab militias unleashed terror on non-Arab Muslim people.
|
Darfur
|
|
African nation won independence in 1975 but because its new government favored the Soviet Union, the U.S. aided the rebel groups fighting the new government.
|
Angola
|
|
Land Arabs lost to Israel through several wars
|
occupied territories
|
|
Palestine Liberation Organization
|
PLO
|
|
Organization leading the Palestinian fight against Israel
|
PLO
|
|
Head of the PLO (for most of its existence)
|
Yasir Arafat
|
|
Palestinian revolts in occupied territories
|
intifadas
|
|
The PLO often used this to attack the Israelis
|
terrorism
|
|
Israel responded to PLO actions with a strong ______.
|
armed forces
|
|
Palestinian _____ increased with each Israeli attack.
|
bitterness
|
|
First female Prime Minister of Israel
|
Golda Meir
|
|
Arab nations attacked Israel in _____(Year) when Golda Meir was trying to negotiate peace
|
1973
|
|
Israel returned this region to Egypt in a 1979 peace accord
|
Sinai Peninsula
|
|
Signed in 1993 after direct talks between Israel and the PLO
|
Oslo Accord
|
|
Hopes for peace in the Israeli region, center on ending this
|
cycle of violence and retaliation
|
|
outlined a plan proposing Palestinian self-rule in Gaza and the West Bank in exchange for an end to terrorism
|
Oslo Accord
|
|
Israeli Prime Minister pushing for peace in the 1990s and assassinated for signing the Oslo Accord
|
Yitzhak Rabin
|
|
An example of radical Palestinian groups who increased terrorist attacks on Israel after many years of little progress following the Oslo accord
|
Hamas
|
|
U.S. devised plan involving potential withdrawal of Israelis from Gaza
|
"Road Map to Peace"
|
|
released hundreds of Palestinian prisoners after the death of Yasir Arafat and new pledges from successor Mahmoud Abbas to end attacks
|
Ariel Sharon
|
|
Three obstacles to peace between Arabs and Israelis
|
original Palestinian land, Israeli settlements in occupied territories, and Jerusalem
|
|
City sacred to Jews, Muslims and Christians, capital of Israel
|
Jerusalem
|
|
Arab-Israeli conflict spilled over into this neighboring nation by the 1970s
|
Lebanon
|
|
Largest and most powerful group in Lebanon when independence was attained.
|
Arab Christians
|
|
outnumbered Christians in Lebanon and demanded a greater share of power after Palestinians fled into Lebanon from regions that became Israel
|
Muslims
|
|
Civil war from 1975 to1990 destroyed this commercial center and allowed an Israeli invasion in the South and Syrian occupation in the East.
|
Lebanon
|
|
Long history of internal and external conflicts due to oil wealth and ethnic diversity. (Middle East Country)
|
Iraq
|
|
After WW II Iraq's monarchy had close ties to the _______.
|
United States
|
|
After the 1958 overthrow of their monarchy, Iraq's rulers developed closer ties with the _______.
|
Soviet Union
|
|
This minority group dominated the political power of Iraq until the country's free elections in 2005
|
Sunni Arabs
|
|
Iraq's government responded brutally to this groups fight for control of northern Iraq
|
Kurds
|
|
seized power in Iraq in 1979 and ruled as a dictator until his regime was overthrown by Coalition forces in 2003
|
Saddam Hussein
|
|
Took advantage of political turmoil in Iran after that nation's Islamic revolution, seizing disputed border regions between Iran and Iraq. (person)
|
Saddam Hussein
|
|
Won U.S. support during their prolonged war with Iran in the 1980s mainly because of Iran's bitter opposition to the U.S.
|
Iraq
|
|
During the Iran-Iraq war Hussein used chemical weapons, killing thousands of civilians in ______ villages
|
Kurdish
|
|
Iraq's 1990 invasion of this oil-rich nation motivated the U.S. to lead coalition forces in a counterattack in 1991
|
Kuwait
|
|
Under the UN banner, U.S. led forces quickly liberated Kuwait from Iraqi forces in this 1991 conflict.
|
The Gulf War
|
|
Used torture, terror and execution to maintain control of Shiites and Kurds in Iraq
|
Saddam Hussein
|
|
Biological, nuclear and chemical weapons
|
weapons of mass destruction
|
|
Repeatedly violated no-fly zones and failed to cooperate with UN weapons inspectors.
|
Iraq
|
|
U.S. and British coalition forces topple Hussein and begin occupation of Iraq in ______. (year)
|
2003
|
|
In 2005 free elections, this majority group won control of the government for the first time in Iraq's history.
|
Shiites
|
|
Efforts to rebuild Iraq are hampered by these rebels targeting foreigners or Iraqi's cooperating with foreign troops
|
insurgents
|
|
After WWII the central goal in Africa, Asia, and Latin America was _______.
|
development
|
|
The process of creating a more advanced economy & higher standard of living.
|
development
|
|
Nations that are trying to develop economically.
|
developing world
|
|
Most of the developing world which exists south of the Tropic of Cancer.
|
global South
|
|
Most of the industrialized nations that are north of the tropic of cancer.
|
global North
|
|
To pay for development many nations have had to borrow from the __________.
|
global North
|
|
Developing nations have tried to improve both their ________.
|
agriculture & industry
|
|
Developing nations have built schools to increase _________.
|
literacy
|
|
Many nations in the global South for centuries had ________ economies.
|
traditional
|
|
Traditional economies tend to limit _________.
|
free enterprise
|
|
After gaining independence some developing countries changed to ______.
|
command economies
|
|
When developing countries could not repay their loans lenders from the global North often forced them to change to _________.
|
market economies
|
|
Many developing countries depend on the global North for _________.
|
investment & exports
|
|
In the 1950s the global South starts to use better seeds, pesticides, and farm equipment.
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Green Revolution
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The Green Revolution forced small farmers who couldn't afford the new technology to _________.
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sell their farms and move to the cities.
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Because some developing countries were dependent on one export their economies would suffer if the _____.
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price for that product dropped
|
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Because families in developing countries tend to have many children, both for religious reasons and as a source of labor, population growth tends to ___________.
|
outstrip food production
|
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Many people moving to the cities in the global South can't find jobs and are forced to live in overcrowded and dangerous _______.
|
shantytowns
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Often oppose changes that undermine religious traditions.
|
fundamentalists
|
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a system in which the government controls parts of the economy.
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socialism
|
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market economies with private ownership of property.
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capitalism
|
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a crop grown for direct sale rather than for personal consumption.
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cash crop
|
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support with government spending.
|
subsidize
|
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a change from fertile to desert land.
|
desertification
|
|
the loss of farmland and pastures to the desert
|
desertification
|
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
|
AIDS
|
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a disease that has affected millions of Africans
|
AIDS
|
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the disease known as AIDS is caused by the virus-
|
HIV
|
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damages the body's ability to fight off infections
|
HIV
|
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movement of people from rural areas to cities
|
urbanization
|
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increased the opportunity for women
|
urban markets
|
|
brought different ethnic groups together in cities
|
urbanization
|
|
replaced ethnic loyalties with a larger national identity
|
urbanization
|
|
weakened traditional cultures
|
urbanization
|
|
based on African village traditions of cooperation and shared responsibility
|
"African socialism"
|
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the government took over banks and businesses and encouraged farmers to move to larger collective farms
|
"African socialism"
|
|
a species threatened with extinction
|
endangered species
|
|
author of the "Green Belt Movement"
|
Wangari Maathai
|
|
economic development that provides lasting well-being for future generations rather than short term
|
sustainable development
|
|
Student who loves the studyof World History
|
write you name here
|
|
Served as the leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 through the early 90s, generally credited with developing China into one of the fastest growing economies in the world
|
Deng Xiaoping
|
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Deng's program allowing for some features of a free market
|
Four Modernizations
|
|
Economic reforms in China brought a surge of growth, but with it an economic gap between____.
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rural poor and wealthy city dwellers
|
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Thousands of young Chinese demonstrators pushing for democratic reforms were killed and many others arrested and tortured by government troops
|
Tiananmen Square Massacre
|
|
China created specific laws to limit _______ growth, to keep it from hurting economic development
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population
|
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Human rights activists have recently pressured China to correct many abuses such as their suppression of this regions ancient Buddhist culture
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Tibet
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With a population over 1 billion this nation is the world's largest democracy
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India
|
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One-third of India lives below the _______.
|
poverty line
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Roman Catholic nun founding the groups providing aid to millions in India suffering from the effects of overpopulation
|
Mother Teresa
|
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Despite a constitution banning this, it still exists among the caste system of India
|
discrimination
|
|
To reduce the need for foreign goods many Latin American governments adopted this policy.
|
Import substitution
|
|
Due to its high cost Latin governments began to give up ___________, because of high cost
|
Import substitution
|
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Giant commercial farms
|
Agribusiness
|
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Latin governments have backed __________ through irrigation and by clearing forested areas.
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Agribusiness
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__________ in Mexico City and Sao Paulo are among the largest in the world.
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Shantytowns
|
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Movement that urged churches to become a force for reform.
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Liberation theology
|
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Crusade for social justice and an end to poverty by nuns and priests in Latin America during the 1960s and 70s.
|
Liberation theology
|
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These groups linked to governments in Latin countries killed when social unrest became prominent.
|
Death Squads
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This group was formed in 1948 to promote democracy, economic cooperation, human rights.
|
Organization of American States (OAS)
|
|
In 1977, the United States signed treaties to turn control over of ________ in 2000.
|
The Panama Canal
|
|
The ____________ were a group of Nicaraguan socialist rebels who took control from the ruling family.
|
Sandinistas
|
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U.S. President backed ______________, in Nicaragua to fight against the Sandinistas.
|
Contras
|
|
Guerillas who fought against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua.
|
Contras
|
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Many people in Argentina fled the country while he ruled the country
|
Juan Peron
|
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He increased the governments role, raised wages, and backed labor unions as the president of Argentina.
|
Juan Peron
|
|
After being ousted as president in 1955 he was again elected as president of Argentina in 1973.
|
Juan Peron
|
|
The end of the Cold War resulted in the development of a ________ economy.
|
global
|
|
After the Cold War more people immigrated to Europe from the ____.
|
developing world
|
|
With the increase of immigration from developing countries to Europe _____________.
|
unemployment rose
|
|
The European Economic Community became the ________.
|
European Union (EU)
|
|
The EU countries shared a common currency the ____.
|
Euro
|
|
By the early 2000s some Eastern European nations had joined the __.
|
EU
|
|
Older EU members were concerned that the new Eastern European members had ____.
|
weaker economies
|
|
In addition to the EU some Eastern European nations also joined ____.
|
NATO
|
|
After the breakup of the Soviet Union Russia became a ________ economy.
|
market
|
|
Increased as Russia transitioned to a market economy.
|
inflation, unemployment, & crime
|
|
In 1998 Russia defaulted on much of its ____________.
|
foreign debt
|
|
Became the Russian President in 2000.
|
Vladimir Putin
|
|
Promised to end corruption & make Russia's economy stronger but also increased governmental control and cut back on individual liberties.
|
Vladimir Putin
|
|
World's only super power after the Cold War.
|
United States
|
|
Was involved in Middle East Peace talks, war in Iraq, and peacekeeping operations in Haiti.
|
United States
|
|
In the 1990s the U.S. produced a budget _______.
|
surplus
|
|
Government takes in more than it spends.
|
surplus
|
|
Slow economic growth and high military spending in the 2000s resulted in the U.S. having budget _____.
|
deficits
|
|
Government spends more than it takes in.
|
deficit
|
|
Vast region of nations that border the Pacific Ocean
|
Pacific Rim
|
|
Since the end of the Cold War it has become increasingly important to the global economy.
|
Pacific Rim
|
|
Grew into an economic power house after WWII but since the 1990s its economy has begun to slow.
|
Japan
|
|
Because of the economic growth of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea these nations have been called the ___________.
|
"Asian tigers"
|
|
the dependence of countries on each other for goods, resources, knowledge, and labor from other parts of the world
|
interdependence
|
|
using low-paid workers in developing nations to produce manufactured goods cheaply
|
outsourcing
|
|
the practice of sending work to developing countries to save money or increase efficiency
|
outsourcing
|
|
any property that has exchange value
|
asset
|
|
companies that have branches in other countries and sell throughout the world
|
multinational corporations
|
|
has encouraged multinational corporations
|
globalization
|
|
this happens in a country or nation and can have global impacts
|
economic crises
|
|
in an interdependent world, this plays a huge role
|
natural resources
|
|
the year OPEC raised oil prices and limited oil exports
|
1973
|
|
non-governmental organizations
|
NGO's
|
|
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
|
GATT
|
|
WTO
|
World Trade Organization
|
|
use of tariffs and other restrictions that protect a country's home industries against competition
|
protectionism
|
|
Great Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United States and Russia are countries that comprise the
|
G-8
|
|
a regional group that promotes trade and meets common needs
|
blocks
|
|
largest block in the world
|
EU (European Union)
|
|
North American Free Trade Association
|
NAFTA
|
|
the United States, Canada and Mexico are a block called
|
NAFTA
|
|
a regional block that went into effect in 1994
|
NAFTA
|
|
a block of Pacific rimmed nations is called Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
|
APEC
|
|
after crude oil is the most actively traded commodity
|
coffee
|
|
a movement that ensures coffee growers receive a fair price for their crops is called
|
fair trade agreement
|
|
consumers have a greater variety of goods and services available to them because of
|
globalization
|
|
a group of people bound together opposed to globalization
|
anti-globalizers
|
|
claim rich counties exploit poor or developing nations
|
anti-globalizers
|
|
the ability to meet the needs of the present without harming future generations
|
sustainability
|
|
Involves social and environmental issues that requires world attention and solutions in addition to the positives of economic and technological links
|
Globalization
|
|
Half the world's population lives on less than ____ a day
|
$2
|
|
Examples of nations who have enjoyed economic growth and less poverty but extreme poverty still exists
|
India and China
|
|
Organizations like the World Bank believe that erasing poverty is essential to global ___________.
|
security and peace
|
|
are often the cause of death, destruction and unsanitary conditions that can have a ripple effect on global economy
|
natural disasters
|
|
Poverty, disasters, and wars have forced many people to become
|
refugees
|
|
Two examples of international agreements that have tried to guarantee basic human rights around the world
|
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Helsinki Accords
|
|
Industrialization and the world population explosion have hurt the ___________.
|
environment
|
|
Commonly debated topic of the 21st century that refers to the rise in the Earth's temperature, from human activity such as the burning of fossil fuels, that could bring about devastating geographical changes
|
global warming
|
|
2005 treaty signed by over 140 countries (not the U.S.) to lower the emissions of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases that contribute to global warming
|
Kyoto Protocol
|
|
The purpose of this treaty was to ensure that nuclear weapons did not spread to countries that did not already have them.
|
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)
|
|
The use of violence, especially against civilians, by groups of extremists, which is sometimes backed by governments that protect and fund them.
|
Terrorism
|
|
They use headline-grabbing tactics to draw attention to their demands.
|
Terrorists
|
|
This group of terrorists in Spain seek to compel the government to allow them to secede.
|
ETA (Basque)
|
|
The __________ in Sri Lanka use bombings and guerilla warfare to try to achieve their goal of founding a separate state.
|
Tamil Tigers
|
|
This geographic region has become a training ground and source of terrorism.
|
Middle East
|
|
One of the powerful Islamic fundamentalist groups has this name, which means "the Base"
|
al Qaeda
|
|
He helped the warlords of Afghanistan drive the Soviets out of the country in the 1980s.
|
Osama bin Laden
|
|
By 2000, he was providing aid, training, and money to scattered terrorists groups from Morocco to Indonesia.
|
Osama bin Laden
|
|
This Islamic fundamentalist group in Afghanistan refused to turn over suspected terrorists to the United States after the September 11th attacks.
|
Taliban
|
|
After the September 11th attacks this governmental agency was formed to deal with aspects of the countries overall security.
|
Department of Homeland Security
|
|
In the past few years the U.S. and other European countries have tried to dissuade _____________ and ___________ to from developing nuclear weapons.
|
Iran and North Korea
|
|
President George W. Bush declared that __________ was the best deterrent to terrorism and regional unrest.
|
the spread of democracy
|
|
________________ was encouraged by a lack of basic resources in many Arab nations.
|
Islamic fundamentalism
|
|
This Lebanese group was formed after Israel invaded Lebanon.
|
Hezbollah
|
|
This group used terrorist tactics to force Britain to give up Northern Ireland.
|
Irish Republic Army (IRA)
|
|
Since 1945, scientific research & technological developments have ______.
|
transformed human life
|
|
In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite _____.
|
Sputnik
|
|
Sputnik set off the ______.
|
"space race"
|
|
The U.S. landed the first human on the moon in _____ (year)
|
1969
|
|
During the Cold War both the U.S. & the U.S.S.R. explored the ____ uses of space.
|
military
|
|
Greatest example of the U.S., Russia and other nations working together in space exploration.
|
International Space Station
|
|
Replaced typewriters & account books in homes & offices.
|
Personal computers
|
|
Links computer systems world wide, allows people to communicate instantly & access vast amounts of information.
|
internet
|
|
Applies biological knowledge to industry, engineering and technology.
|
biotechnology
|
|
Help prevent the spread of disease.
|
vaccines
|
|
In the 1970s, surgeons learned to transplant _______.
|
human organs
|
|
Have made many types of surgery safer and more precise.
|
lasers
|
|
The manipulation, or changing of genetic material to produce a specific result.
|
Genetic engineering
|
|
Has produced new drugs to fight disease and created hardier strains of fruits & vegetables.
|
Genetic research
|
|
Process of creating identical organisms from the cell of a host organism.
|
Genetic cloning
|
|
Has raised ethical issues about how science should be used to change or create life.
|
Genetic cloning
|