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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. List all enzymatic reactions that produce ATP in an erythrocyte. |
Phosphoglycerate kinase Pyruvate kinase |
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2. Name all human organs where the transformation of glucose into fatty acids is significant.Please underline the organ where the rate of this process is the highest. |
Liver Adipose tissue |
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3. Name all human organs where the gluconeogenesis is significant. Please underline the organwhere the rate of this process is the highest. |
Liver Kidney |
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4. Name three human organs where the β-oxidation of fatty acids is significant. |
Liver Heart Skeletal muscle |
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5. Under conditions of hypoglycemia, the liver is not utilizing glucose as an energy source. Why? |
To prevent the blood sugar to become even lower. So it uses fat or other energy sources instead. |
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6. After eating a meal containing carbohydrates, the monosaccharides must be absorbed from the intestinal lumen. This transport is driven by which enzyme? |
Brush border hydrolases |
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7. An individual contains an inactivating mutation in a particular muscle protein, which leads to weight loss due to unregulated muscle fatty acid oxidation. Such an inactivated protein could be which protein indispensable in fatty acid synthesis? |
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 |
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8. A 7-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician due to severe exercise intolerance. In gymclass, the boy has trouble with anaerobic activities. Laboratory tests showed a lack of lactate production under such conditions. The boy was eventually found to have a mutation in which enzyme of which organ? |
Muscle PFK-1 |
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9. Which human organ produces the enzyme that triggers the activation of pancreatic zymogens? |
Pancreatic zymogens are normally only activated after they reach the small intestine. A brush border enzyme, enterokinase, cleaves a peptide from trypsinogen, forming the active enzyme trypsin. Trypsin then activates the other enzymes. |
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10. In which human organs can insulin increase the glucose permeability of the cell membrane? |
Adipose tissue Skeletal muscle Liver (indirect) |
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11. Which enzyme of which cell compartment catalyses the first step of the oxygen dependentdegradation of ethanol in the liver? |
Cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) - located in microsomes (Ethanol + NADPH + H+ + O2--> NADP + acetaldehyde + 2H2O) |
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12. Which enzyme of which cell compartment catalyses the first step of the oxygen independent degradation of ethanol in the liver? |
Alcohol dehydrogenase - located in cytosol (Ethanol + NAD + --> acetaldehyde + NADH + H+) |
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13. Write with names or abbreviations the reactions catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP). |
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14. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by phosphatidyl ethanolamine serinetransferase. |
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15. Write the carbonic anhydrase reaction. |
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16. Write the CO2 binding reaction of hemoglobin. Give the structure of the involved functionalgroup of hemoglobin. |
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17. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I. |
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18. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by ornithine transcarbamoylase. |
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19. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by argininosuccinate synthetase. |
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20. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by argininosuccinase (a.k.a. argininosuccinatelyase). |
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21. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by arginase. |
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22. Write with structures the overall equation of urea cycle involving the appropriate amino acid. |
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23. Write with structures the overall equation of urea cycle without any amino acid. |
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24. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by NO synthase. |
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