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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When was Hippocrates born? |
460 BC |
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How many books did galen write? |
60 |
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What did galen develop |
Hippocrates idea of four humours into the theory of opposites |
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What are the four humours |
Blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bike |
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What is the theory of opposites |
The idea that you can balance ye humours: too hot - have cucumber Too cold - eat some curry |
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Which scientists where the churches homeboys |
Galen and hippocrates |
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How where surgeons trained during the middle ages |
They where trained as apprentices, improving by practise and books on surgery |
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Four facts about medieval hospitals |
Run my monks Cared for the old and needy Provided warmth, food and prayers Rarely admitted the sick |
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When did the back death arrive in England? |
1348 |
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What was the death rate or the back death |
Over 40% of the population |
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List three symptoms of the black death |
Cough and fever Multiple organ faliure Buboes |
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Four things that where blamed for the back death |
The Jews (oh how times have changed) The planets aligning Noxious has from the earth crust And the good old wrath of God (that man has some serious anger issues) |
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What percentage of middle ages hospitals cared for the sick |
10% |
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How did people protect against the back death |
Gods punishment - they took their clothes of and started whipping themselves like something out of croppers search history Bad air - they wore cool bird masks with herbs in them Astrology **** - they prayed to god to stop the planets killing them... And we wonder why 40% of them dropped dead |
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Three reasons why nothing happened in the middle ages |
The church basically controlled everything and where massive cocks when it came to the whole discovering new **** so we don't die as fast thing Books where hand written so took ages to print and where really expensive Enquiry was not encouraged: doctors just read galen and didn't do any autopsies and **** |
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Learn this |
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Who the **** was Thomas Sydenham? |
Tough doctors needed to take a full history of patients health Belived in allowing body to fight Pescribed roast chicken to keep up strength Made detailed notes on many diseases |
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Richard wiseman |
Followed ideas of the four humours. Firm believer in practising medicine rather than learning from books |
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The church in the renaissance |
Still influencial, most people still believe in God and **** |
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Renaissance attitudes |
Remained largely unchanged as discoveries did little to impact everyday lives, also nobody could read so these new books where a bit useless |
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Renaissance treatments |
Purging and bleeding - all time favourite Herbal remedies - passed down from mother to daughter, actually half worked cos they had **** like honey which killed bacteria Tobacco used as all in one cure Kings touch meant to cure you or some **** |
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Vesalius |
Born in Brussels in 1514 Family of doctors Performed dissections and mapped blood and nerves Interested in anatomy Book: fabric of the human body |
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William Harvey |
Born in Kent 1615 first lecture Dissected cold-blooded animals Pushed rods down veins Proved blood was a one way system Proved heart pumped blood Work published 1658 |
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What was the royal society? |
London 1645. Had weekly meetings to discuss science and ****. Had its own labs and **** like microscopes. Published books and articles to spread discoveries |
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Printing press |
Developed by Johaness Gutenberg in the 1450s Made books cheaper and faster to make Crucial development |
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Vesalius |
Born in Brussels 1514 Interested in anatomy Proved galen was wrong about anatomy Book: the fabric of the human body |
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Great plague 1665 - God **** |
People gave dick magical charms Physicians tried bleeding/purging Dried toads used Put herbs over doorways |
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Great plague 1665 - progressive **** |
Quarantine - red Cross painted on doors Most people avoided contact with others Coins dipped in vinegar |
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Inoculation |
1721 lady Marty Wortley brought it from Turkey involves small amount of pathogen |
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Discovery of microorganisms |
Made by Anthony von leenwehork late 1600s - invented the microscope and discovered everything had microorganisms on them, reported findings to Royal society |
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Louis Pasteur |
Discovered that microorganisms where making alcohol go bad and growing in alcohol. Killed bacteria by boiling, discovered that beer, wine and kill also did this. Invented germ theory |
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What's germ theory |
Theory that germs causes diseases |
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Vaccination - pros |
Famous supporters - Thomas Jefferson championed idea, napoleon had all soldiers vaccinated Significant decrease in deaths from small pox - smallpox now wiped out Showed value of scientific method |
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Vaccination - cons |
Vaccination voluntary until 1852 - 50 years after discovery. many deaths years continued untill decades after discovery One off discovery - did not lead to new discoveries Massive opposition - people didn't accept the evidence Jenner recorded, and less careful doctors sometimes killed their patients - people heard of these stories |
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Robert Koch |
Proved bacteria causes anthrax by injecting a mouse with anthrax bacteria. Developed better mediums for growing bacteria in Koch was very good at staining bacteria |
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Florence nightingale |
Reorganised army hospitals Set up a nursing school Used statistics to prove her point Improved sanitation in hospitals Improved ventilation Indroduced washing of hands Took 38 nurses to crimea |
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Chloroform |
Discovered by James Simpson in 1847. Used in childbirth - Queen Victoria used it for the birth of her 8th child Made people vomit |
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Laughing gass |
Discovered in 1799 by Sir humphry Davie Did not make patients completely unconscious - did not fully solve problem |
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Ether |
1846 John Collins Warren removed neck tumour using ether Robert Liston used it during leg amputation Irritated eyes and lungs, flammable, smelt awful |
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Problems in cities |
Factories polluted air and rivers Poor water supplies Cheap housing - poor ventilation, overcrowded |
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Edwin Chadwick |
Worked to improve living standards of the poor Report on the sanitary conditions of the labouring population £18 million borrowed for improvements, 50 councils appointed medical officers of health |
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Cholera |
Regular epidemics. 1848 & 1854 major epidemics 1832 - studies linked cholera and water - 13 years before pastuer. |
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John snow |
Searched for patten of behaviour in victims House to house enquiries Listed water pumps people used Found links to broad street pump. Methods still used today |
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DNA discovery - factors |
Money - science is expensive Teamwork - Rosalind, Watson and crick |
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Pencillin |
Made by pencillium mould Discovered by Alexander Flemming First antibiotic Developed and used during ww2 |
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Prontosil |
Poisoned and kills bacteria Found by Gerhardt Domagk in 1932 Active ingredient sulphamade - used for cures for pneumonia, gonorrhea, scarlet fever |
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Rowntree |
Investigated poverty in York Quarter if population in poverty even though they had jobs Increased wages, encouraged government to do the same |
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Liberal government - 1906 - 1914 |
Provided free meals for children 1906 Pension paid to people over 70 1908 Back to back housing banned 1909 National insurance set up 1911 Free medical treatment in schools 1912 |