Medtech

Refers to the study of organisms too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

MICROORGANISMS -are _______________. They can be found everywhere on earth in great quantites. - some are harmful (______________) - They are also so ________!

Enumerate the 6 branches of Microbiology

Studies bacteria an example of prokaryotic organism

the scientific study of virus,an acellular entity that contains either DNA or RNA but never both and uses the cellular machinery of living organisms to survive.

The scientific study of fungi (yeast and mold)

focuses on the study of protozoans, the simples and most primitive forms of animal life.

Study of rickettsiae, which are considered transitional organisms between bacteria and viruses.

Field that study parasites, organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism.

Enumerate the (9) parts in a bacterial cell structure

the lipoprotein layer that surrounds the cytoplasm

-the semi-rigid casing that provides structural shape and support to the cell.

-the hair-like proteinaceous structure that extends from the cell membrane into the external environment.

the structure that allows the bacteria to move.

the outer layer of the bacterium thay resists cellular phagocytosis and dessication.

the site of protein synthesis, they give the cytoplasm a granular structure

_______ are examples of prokaryotic organisms.

______________ generally lack a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, or other membranous organelle.

The region where the DNA ( the cell's genetic material) is concentrated

The structures that allow the bacteria to resist the sterilization process, making them viable over time.

The food reserves of bacteria.

Enumerate the orientation of flagella

(katong lima)

Absence of flagellum; non motile

One polar flagellum; usually exhibits darting motility

Single flagellum on both ends

Tuft of flagella on either end or both ends

flagella is around the organisms

Enumerate the things under Bacterial Growth and Metbolism (katong 5)

-largest family of bacteria

- mostly pathogens

________ is developed by Hans Christian Gram.

Who developed Gram Staining?

What are the 2 major classification of bacteria?

NSS stands for?

Enumerate the liquids/stains used in Gram Staing

The Primary Stain in Gram Staining

-This stain strengthen the binding or penetraiting of color.

-Mordant

Decolorizer

Counterstain

Primary stain ( e identify unsa ilang color)

Gram+ ____________

Gram - ___________

Iodine ( e identify ilang color)

Gram + ________________

Gram -________________

Alcohol ( e identify unsa ilang ma color)

Gram + _________

Gram - _________

Safranin Red ( e identify ilang color)

Gram + _________

Gram - ___________

-This classification of bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall.

-has thechoic acid.

-has thin layer of peptidoglycan sa cell wall-has lipopolysaccharide sa outer membrane

organisms that need 5%-10% carbon dioxide to live are called _____________ ?

_________ is used for converting energy.

with oxygen

without oxygen

requires oxygen pero gamay ra

kinahanglan NAA gyuy oxygen

neutral, mabuhi ug naa or walay oxygen

kinahanglan WALA juy oxygen

neutral, naa or wala ang oxygen mabuhi ra gihapon.

The proper ___________ elements must be available since microorganisms differ in food requirement.

Enumerate the following nutritional types of microorganisms

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

can make their own energy using light and carbon dioxide via photosynthesis

class of organisms that obtain their energy through the oxidation of inorganic molecules.

ex. mushrooms

enumerate the classification of temperature

0°C - 15°C

20°C-45°C

50°C-60°C

80°C-113°C

acid (0 - 5.5 pH)

neutral (5.5 - 8.0 pH)

alkaline (8.5 - 11.5 pH)base/basic

The 3 classification of pH chcuhu

-a technique used if kuntahay capnophilic ni nga bacteria tas ang usa kay di

enumerate abg organisms na gi example sa capnophilic or capnophile na bacteria.

capnophilic organisms needs ____-_____ % of carbon dioxide

example bacteria in psychrophile/cryophile

mostly pathogenic bacteria grows in this temperature

example bacterian in Thermophile

example bacteria in Hyperthermophile

example bacteria in Acidophile

Example bacteria in Neutrophile

example bacteria in alkalophile

2 types of stain

AST stands for ?

Only one stain is used and all structures present are stained with the same color.

-Used to distinguish between groups of bacteria.

-Used to differentiate various types of bacteria that have similar morphologic features.

Methylene Blue Stain is what type of stain?

Gram Staining is what type of stain?

-A test that provides a clinician with therapeutic guidelines.-Indicates which antibiotic is effective in killing the bacteria that has caused the infection or disease.

Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test is also known as?

yields qualitative results

Kirby-Bauer Method is also known as?

What is used to get the colony in the culture?

After e mix ang NSS and colony where man e compare ang solution?

what are the 2 types of Antimicrobial Assays

Yields quantitative results

The lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth.

-The lowest antibiotic concentration that results in 99.9% death of bacterial population.-Determines the efficacy and ability of the agent to kill the organism, or whether the agent is bactericidal.

Are drugs that are administered to either kill bacteria (bactericides) or inhibit their growth by preventing reproduction.

TYPES OF ANTIBIOTICS

agents that only inhibit microorganism growth in vitro that can kill standardized inocula of bacteria at high concentration.

- lethal to standardized inocula at clinically achievable concentrations.- Kill the bacteria

Refers to any organism that depends on another organism for shelter and nourishment.

Is an organism that supports the parasite. (gipuy-an sa parasites)

2 types of host

it harbors the adult stage of the parasite

it harbors the larval (asexual) form.

Refers to the manner of how a parasite successfully enter a susceptible host. It may include ingestion, inhalation, breastfeeding, insect bite, or sexual transmission.

Are disease-causing parasites and may require medical attention.

“commensal”Parasites that do not harm the host.

Like lice and fleas that thrive externally on host.

Synonymous with infestation.

Ectoparasitism synonym _________

Parasites found inside the body of an infected host.

Synonymous to infection.

Endoparasitism synonym _________

Refers to the increase in eosinophil count in blood and is usually associated with parasitism.

acts as cellular protectors against parasites.

pila ka percent ang plasma?

pila ka percent ang formed elements?

shape of rbc

pH level of RBC

bright red

dark red

low number of erythrocytes.

also known as erythrocytes

high number of erythrocytes.

Mobile blood cells.Produced in the bone marrow by stem cells similar to rbc.

Defend the body against infection.

Formed elements in Blood

means you have a high white blood cell count.

indicates a decrease in WBC in your body.

is a condition that occurs when the platelet count in your blood is too low.

involves having an elevated level of platelets in your blood.

Release chemicals that cause clots to form in the blood.

platelets is also known as?

A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood. (if decrease tanan)

Determine values of the cells.

Specifical count the values of different WBC.

(total WBC Count)

Determine the value of hemoglobin.

used to dilute the blood

Packed red cell volume.

Used for microscopic examination of blood cells.

in peripheral Blood smear what dye is used?

determine inflammation

what does ESR mean

PT and APTT