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115 Cards in this Set
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psychoanalytic theories
who came up with the "Psychoanalytic" theory -what is the etiology of this theory? |
freud
-unresolved childhood conficts |
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psychoanalytic theories
what theory incoprorates the id, ego, and superego? |
freuds psychoanalytic theory
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psychoanalytic theories
what theory has the "levels of awareness", how the mind functions? |
freuds psychoanalytic theory
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psychoanalytic theories
what theory believes that "anxiety is an inevitable part of living" |
freuds psychoanalytic theory
inevitable meaning can't be avoided |
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psychoanalytic theories
what theory has "defense mechanisms" -what can the overuse of defense mechanisms cause: |
freuds psychoanalytic theory
developed by the ego to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings reality distortions, maladjustment, and emotional development |
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psychoanalytic theories
what theory includes psychosexual stages |
freuds psychoanalytic theory
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psychoanalytic theories
Freud: Psychoanalytic -what is the focus of treatment: -what should the nurse try uncovering? |
talking about difficult emotions promotes healing.
-uncovering unconscious material (repressed memories. emotions associated with trauma that are too difficult for the pt to deal with) that relates to the pts problems will cause improvement |
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psychoanalytic theories
Freud: Psychoanalytic -what is the benefit of -implications for nursing: -what should the nurse consider? what does that help the nurse identify? |
talk therapy (1 on 1 with the pt which focuses on attentive listening)
-personality formation influenced by diverse sources rooted in past events -consider conscious and unconscious influences helps the nurse identify causes of pt suffering |
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psychoanalytic theories
Who developed the "Ego Theory" -what does it incorporate? |
Erikson
8 Stages of Development spans life cycle, personality develops |
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psychoanalytic theories
what theory believed an individuals development is influenced by more than the limited mother-father child triangle and that culture and society exert significant influence on personality |
Eriksons ---Ego Theory
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psychoanalytic theories
what theory, believes personality is not set in stone at age 5 but develops throughout the lifespan |
Eriksons: Ego theory
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psychoanalytic theories
what theory, the success or unsuccessful completion of each stage will affect the individuals progression to the next. |
Eriksons: Ego theory
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psychoanalytic theories
what theory, the person who fails to navigate to a stage successfully is unable to gain a mastery of age-appropriate tasks, cannot make a connection with peers and will feel like a failure (inferiority) |
Eriksons: Ego theory
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psychoanalytic theories
etiology: unresolved psychosocial crisis causes emotional and behavioral problems |
Eriksons: Ego theory
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psychoanalytic theories
what is the main focus of treatment for Eriksons Ego theory? -specificially, what is the focus on individuals? |
master tasks of stage
-individual responsibility, capacity for improving, tailor to developmental stage |
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psychoanalytic theories
-what are the implications for nursing for Eriksons Ego theory (what should the nurse assess) -what kind of interventions should the nurse aim for? |
assess developmental stage
directs the type of interventions most likely to be effective if congruent with the developmental level of pt |
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theories
who came up with the "Interpersonal theory" |
Sullivan
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what do interpersonal theories believe that all psychiatric theories are influenced by:
waht is the goal: |
interpersonal interactions and social context.
The goal is to reduce or eliminate psychiatric symptoms by improving interpersonal functioning and satisfaction with social relationships |
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theories
what theory, the purpose of all behaviors is to get needs met through interpersonal interactions and to decrease or avoid anxiety |
Interpersonal theory by Sullivan
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theories
what includes security operations |
Interpersonal theory by Sullivan
-security questions describe measures the individual employs to reduce anxiety and enhance security |
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theories
security questions (sullivan) are similiar to Freuds defense mechanisms, how? |
both processes of which we are unaware of
both reduce anxiety |
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theories
Etiology: unmet interpersonal security needs -anxiety and self esteem issues |
Sullivans interpesronal theory
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theories
what includes anxiety transmitted interpersonally by empathy |
Sullivans interpesronal theory
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theories
problems in relationships |
Sullivans interpesronal theory
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theories
Focus of treatment: Observe behavior in social framework |
-Sullivan: Interpersonal
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theories
Focus of treatment: -complicated grief, role disputes, role transitions -interpersonal deficits: inability to form or sustain close relationships |
Sullivan: Interpersonal
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theories
Implications for nursing: -educate clients, assist in developing effective interpersonal relationships -mutuality respect for the patient -unconditional acceptance -empathy |
Sullivan: Interpersonal
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theories
-authenticity: interact with client as an authentic human being |
Sullivan: Interpersonal
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theories
-what is the NURSING purpose of eriksons 8 stages of development: |
tells the nurse how to intervene with the patient
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theories
Interpersonal-Nsg |
Peplau
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theories
who founded the idea that the nurse-patient relationship is basis of nursing practice (what nurses do to patients to what nurses do with patients) |
Peplau: Interpersonal
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theories
-theory is concerned with the processes by which the nurse helps pts make positive changes in their health care status and well being and that illness offered a unique opportunity for experiential learning, personal growth, and improved coping strategies |
Peplau: Interpersonal
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theories
What theory, interpersonal relational model |
Peplau: Interpersonal
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theories
what includes self-awareness -why is this essential? |
Peplau: Interpersonal
-self-awareness is essential on keeping the focus on the patient as well as keeping the social and personal needs of the nurse out of the nurse-patient conversation |
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theories
what includes levels of anxiety |
Peplau: Interpersonal
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theories
-proposed an approach that both the nurse and patients observe in therapeutic conversation |
Peplau: Interpersonal
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theories
-believed it was essential for nurses to not only observe the behavior of the patient, but of themselves too |
Peplau: Interpersonal
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theories
-described levels of anxiety (mild, moderate, severe, and panic) on perception and learning |
Peplau: Interpersonal
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theories
-promoted interventions to lower anxiety with the aim of improving patients abilities to think and function at more satisfactory levels |
Peplau: Interpersonal
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theories
Etiology: -relational problems -nurse lacks self-awareness -patient and nurse’s level of anxiety |
Peplau: Interpersonal
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theories
Focus of treatment: -people -setting -structure -emotional climiate are all essential to healing |
Sullivan: Interpersonal
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theories
Implications for nursing: -assess levels of anxiety effects on perception and learning -intervene to lower anxiety -self awareness: observe behavior of self and patient during interactions to keep focus on patient -stages of nurse/patient relationship |
peplau: Interpersonal
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Behavioral Theories and therapies believe personality consists of:
-if the behavior changes, what else does? -they way they emphasize the ways in which: |
learned behaviors.
-the personality. - observable behavioral response are learned and can be modified in a particular environment |
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who are the two behavioral theorists?
what do they focus on? |
-Watson & Skinner
the belief that behavior can be influenced through a process referred to as conditioning (involves pairing a behavior with a condition that reinforces or diminishes the behavior’s occurrence) |
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theories
who created "Behaviorism" which he believed was more objective or measureable |
Watson
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theories
-can mold behavior by controlling environment |
Behaviorism: Watson
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theories
-contended that personality traits and responses –adaptive and maladaptive – were socially learning through classical conditioning |
Behaviorism: Watson
(ex: Watson stood behind little Albert, a 9 month old who liked animals, and made a loud nose with a hammer every time the infant reached for a white rat. after this experiment, little Albert became terrified at the sight of what fur or hair, even in the absence of a loud noise. |
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theories
who concluded that behavior could be molded by controlling the environment and that anyone could be treated to be anything |
Behaviorism: Watson
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theories
"Operant Conditioning Theory" |
Skinner:
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theories
Etiology: -problems come from learned behavior in the enviornment and have consequences |
watson and skiner
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theories
-believe behavior responses are elicited (to draw or cause) by positive and negative reinforcement |
Skinner: Operant Conditioning Theory
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theories
-negative reinforcement, such as the removal of an objectionable or aversive stimulus (walking freely through a park once the vicious dog is picked up by the dog catcher) |
Skinner: Operant Conditioning Theory
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theories
Focus of treatment: -insight not needed -positive or negative reinforcement |
behaviortal theories
(watson and skinner) |
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theories
-who gave us the phases of the interview with the patient (orientation, working, termination) |
Peplau
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theories
Focus of treatment: -modeling (pt learns through imitation) -role playing |
Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)
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theories
what includes aversion therapy (punishment) used to treat behaviors like alcoholism,, sexual deviation, shoplifting, hallucinations, violent and aggressive behavior |
Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)
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theories
what includes systematic desensitization? |
Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)
-involves the development of behavioral tasks customized to the patient while using learned relaxation techniques (decrease stress with exercise) |
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theories
Implications for nursing: -change targeted behaviors -behavior management |
Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)
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theories
Implications for nursing: -behavior modification (positive reinforcement to increase desired behaviors) -appropriate modeling |
Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)
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theories
Implications for nursing: biofeedback –controls bodies physiological response to stress and anxiety |
Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)
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Cognitive Theories, proposed that there is a dynamic interplay between
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individuals and the environment.
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what kind of theorists believed that thoughts come before feelings and actions
------thoughts about the world and our place in it are based on our own unique perspective which may or may not be based on reality. |
cognitive theorists
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theories
who came up with "Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)" |
Ellis:
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theories
Who came up with "Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT)" |
Beck
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theories
-the aim is to eradicate core irrational beliefs by helping people recognize thoughts that are not accurate, sensible, or useful. -the thoughts tend to take the form of should “I should always be polite” and oughts “I ought to consistently win games” and musts “I must be thin” |
Ellis: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
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theories
-perception influences all thoughts, which in turn influences our behaviors |
Ellis: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
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theories
-the way people feel and behave is largely determined by the way they think about the world and their place in it |
Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT)"
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theories
-we all have schemata (unique assumptions about ourselves, others, and the world around us) |
Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT)"
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theries
Etiology: -automatic thoughts (rapid, unthinking responses based on schemas are known as automatic thoughts. these responses are intense and frequent in psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety) -faulty cognitions |
-Cognitive theories
Ellis: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT)" |
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theories
Etiology: -distorted thinking (lead to false assumptions and misinterpretations) -irrational thoughts -negative view of self, others, events |
cognitive theories
-ellis: rational emotive -beck: cognitive behavioral |
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theories
Focus of treatment: -correct distorted thinking -correct dysfunctional reliefs |
cognitive theories
-ellis: rational emotive -beck: cognitive behavioral |
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theories
Focus of treatment: -reframe cognitive restructuring -thought stopping -thought substitution |
cognitive theories
-ellis: rational emotive -beck: cognitive behavioral |
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theories
Implications for nursing: -assess patients perceptions and thinking -assist in broadening perceptions and changing thoughts |
cognitive theories
-ellis: rational emotive -beck: cognitive behavioral |
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theories
Implications for nursing: -help identify negative thought patterns -challenge negative thoughts and replace with realistic thoughts |
cognitive theories
-ellis: rational emotive -beck: cognitive behavioral |
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theories
human potential and free will to choose life patterns that are supportive of personal growth. |
Humanistic Theories
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what kind of theories emphasize a person’s capacity for self-actualization
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Humanistic Theories
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what kind of theories focuses on understanding the patient’s perspective as they subjectively experience it
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Humanistic Theories
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theories
who came up with the "Humanistic Psychology Theory" |
Maslow
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theories
-conceptualized human motivation as a hierarchy of needs that are critical for the development of all humans |
Humanistic Psychology Theory" by Maslow
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theories
-assumption that humans are active, rather than passive participants in life, striving for self-actualization |
Humanistic Theories - Maslow
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theories
-focused on human need fulfillment which was categorized into six incremental stages |
Humanistic Theories - Maslow
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theories
-an emphasis on human potential and the patients strengths is key to successful nurse-patient relationships |
Humanistic Theories - Maslow
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theories
-motivation, active not passive in life, free will, growth, self actualizations (high productive/enjoyment) |
Humanistic Theories - Maslow
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theories
Etiology: if needs basic to existence are not met then tension, anxiety, discomfort evolve |
Humanistic Theories - Maslow
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theories
Focus of treatment: -meet basic needs to resolve the tension associated with unmet needs before patient can focus on meeting higher level needs |
Humanistic Theories - Maslow
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theories
-emphasize human potential and strengths which are key to effective nurse-patient relationships -prioritize nursing actions learn the patients experience |
Humanistic Theories - Maslow
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what kind of theory focuses on neurological, chemical, biological, and genetic issues
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Biological model
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what kind of theory seeks to understand how the body and brain interact to create emotions, memories, and perceptual experiences
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Biological model
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theories
Etiology: -physical in origin, -located in the body (brain), a disease process or defect usually in the limbic system and synapse receptor sites of the CNS |
Biological model
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theories
-what views abnormal behavior as part of a disease process or a defect and seeks to stop or alter it |
Bilogical model
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theories
-seeks to understand how body and brain interact to create emotions, memories, perceptual experiences |
Biological model
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theories
Focus of treatment: correct the disease or defect in the brain (limbic system, synapse receptors sites of the CNS) -treat with physical intervention (drugs, diet, surgery) |
Biological model
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theories
Implications for nursing: -recognize and teach that psychiatric illnesses are physical in origin which decreases stigma and lifts self blame |
Bioligical model
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theories
Implications for nursing -risk of focusing only on biological ignore other influences in development and treatment of mental/behavior (holistic approach) |
Biological model
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theories
who created "Mileau Therapy" |
Bruno Bettelheim
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theories
created a comfortable, secure environment, in which children were helped to form a new world |
"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim
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theories
-recognizes the people, setting, structure, and emotional climate as all important to healing |
peplau: interpersonal nsg
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theories
-emphasis on group and social interaction |
"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim
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theories
Etiology: Judgmental punitive environment |
"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim
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theories
Focus of treatment: -all members of the environment contribute to planning and functioning of the setting, provide safe and effective environment |
"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim
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theories
Implications for nursing: -assess and provide a safe and effective milieu (suicidal, manic, cognitively impaired) -promote appropriate social interaction |
"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim
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theories
Implications for nursing: -provide accepting emotional climate -advocacy role |
"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim
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theories
what is this an example of: -reframing (dad brings in his son and the problem is that the son is stealing from stores, friends, neighbors, family, and no matter what dad does, the kid has developed this habit of stealing and that’s all dad can focus on (not on his strengths) the therapist could say “do you think he’s stealing in an attempt to steal your attention and love?”) |
Cognitive Behavioral
-the points out the negative but also gives it a positive possibility. it can open ones eyes to another possibility |
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theories
-about teaching social skills -promoting social interactions -advocating for pt |
Mileau Therapy
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NCLEX:
when you see "priority" think _______ |
safety
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theories
their cognitions are based on attitudes or assumptions developed from previous experiences (these cognitions may be fairly accurate or they may be distorted) |
beck cognitive behavioral
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theories
perceivign the glass as half full or half empty |
ellis --- REBT
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theories
described negative thinking as an ABC process |
ellis ---REBT
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theories
"i must be thin" "i should always be polite" |
ellis--- REBT
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theories
their cognitions are based on attitues or assumptions developed from previous experienes |
beck ---cogntiive behavioral
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theories
"the only person i can trust is myself" |
beck ---cognitive behavioral
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theories
schemata |
(unique asssuptions)
beck ---Cognitive behavoral |
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theories
human potential and free will |
humanistic -maslow
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theories
focus should go beyond experience of hate, pain, misery, guilt, and conflict and include love, happiness, compassion, and well-being |
humanistic- maslow
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theories
this model helps establish what is the most important in sequencing of nursing actions in the nurse-patient relationship |
humanistc maslow
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