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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Image Receptor
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A device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image.
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List four types of IRs used in radiology.
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Cassette with film
Image Plate Direct Raiography Fluroscopic |
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Define Optical Density
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Degree of blackening
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Define Contrast
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Difference in densities
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Define Recorded Detail
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Ability to visualize small structures
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Define distortion
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Misrepresentation of the size and shape of an anatomic structure
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Define magnification
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Image is larger than the actual part
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What exposure factor controls contrast?
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KvP
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True or False. All radiographs yeild some degree of magnification.
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True
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Describe anatomic position.
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Upright
Facing forward Palms out |
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Describe how a PA chest film should be hung on the viewer.
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Like the patient was standing face to face with the viewer.
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Describe how lateral projection radiographs should be displayed.
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As the viewer sees the patient from the persepective of the x-ray tube. Display the radiograph so that the side of the patient closer to the IR during the procedure is also the side of the image closer to the viewbox.
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Describe how hand and foot radiographs should be displayed.
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With digits pointing up.
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Describe the two most comman ways that lateral decubitus radiographs are displayed.
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1) With patient in anatomic position
2) In the manner in which the IR was positioned when exposure was made. |
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When the radiologist is unable to see the patient who is responsible for obtaining patient history?
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The radiographer
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What is the easiest and most convienient method to prevent the spread of microorganisms?
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Hand Washing
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According to the CDC, all human blood and body fluids should be treated as if they contain _______.
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Pathogenic Microorganisms
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What protective apparel should radiographers wear if the possibilty of touching blood exists?
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Gloves
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What procedure should be followed to properly dispose of hypodermic needles?
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Place them in a puncture proof container
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Define disinfectant.
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A chemical substance that kills pathogenic bacteria
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Define Antispetic.
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A chemical substance that inhibits the growth of pathogenic organisms without necessarily killing them.
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Define sterilization.
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The destruction of all microrganisms.
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Define Disinfection.
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The process of killing only pathogenic microorganisms.
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Which term--antispetic or disinfectant-classifies isopropyl alcohol?
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Antiseptic
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What information should be included in a procedures book that identifies each examination performed in the radiography department?
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An outline of each procedure, the number of staff required, duties of each member of the team, and a listing of required sterile and non sterile devices.
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List three ways that a patients colon may be cleansed for an abdominal exam.
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Limited diet, laxatives, enema
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Identify three types of muscular tissue and state the type of motion associated with each.
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Smooth-Involuntary
Cardiac-Involuntary Striated-Voluntary |
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The rythmic motion of smooth muscle structures is called_____.
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Peristalsis.
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What exposure factor is used to control involuntary motion?
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Exposure time
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What body system controls the movement of voluntary muscles?
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Central Nervous System
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Why is it necessary to ensure that and folds in cloth gowns are straightened out before making the radiographic exposure?
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To prevent confusing shadows.
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What devices are removed from the patient within the area of interest when the skull is examined?
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Dentures, Bridgework, earrings, eyeglasses, hairpins
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Before beginning a radiographic exam, what should the radiographer do to gain the cooperation of the coherent patient?
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Give an explanation of the procedure to be performed.
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What is the minimum number of personnel that should be used to transfer a helpless patient from a gurney to the radiographic table?
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Four
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What are the two phases of respiration?
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Inspiration and Expiration
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What respiration phase is requested when the goal is to expand lung fields to the maximum extent possible?
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Inhalation
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What respiration procedure provides for lung motion but not rib motion?
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Slow deep breathing
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What adjustment can be made by the radiographer to cpmpensate for an increase in OID?
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Increase SID
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List four reasons why it would be necessary to angle the central ray.
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To avoid the superimposition of overlying or underlying structures.
To avoid stacking a curved structure on itself. To project through angeld joints. To project through angeld structures without foreshortening, or elongation. |
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How is contrast affected when the radiation beam is restricted to only the area under examination? Explain why!
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Radiographic contrast is increased because scatter is reduced, thereby producing a shorter scale of contrast.
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List three guidelines for determining when gonadal shielding should be used.
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When the gonads are in close proximity to the primary beam (5 cm.)
When the clinical objective of the examination is not compromised. When the patient is of reproductive age. |
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For computed radiography, what is the purpose of the imaging plate?
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The imaging plate contains special image-storage phospors that acquire the latent image for later processing into a digital format by computer technology.
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Which radiographic term refers to the degree of blackness between two adjacent areas?
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Contrast
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What factor controls shape distortion?
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Alignment
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How should a left lateral projection radiograph of the chest be displayed on a viewbox?
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So that the side of the patient closest to the IR during the procedure is the side of the image closer to the viewbox.
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How should a PA projection radiograph of the chest be displayed on the viewbox?
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As though the patient were standing in front of the viewer, with the patients right side nearer the viewers left side and the patients left side nearer the viewers right side.
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A PA projection of the hand should be displayed?
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From the perspective of the x-ray tube with fingers pointing upwards.
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Within the operating room, who should remove sterile items that are in the way of the radiographer?
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Circulating nurse
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What type of muscle tissue compromises skeletal muscle?
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Striated
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What tech procedure best reduces the possibilty of patient controlled motion?
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Give understandable instructions to the patient
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Which side marker placement rule applies when performing an AP oblique radiograph of the cervical spine?
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Mark the side closest to the IR
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Why should you collimate to the area of interest?
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Reduces scatter
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How is the radiographic image affected when the beam is restricted to the area under examination?
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Improved recorded detail, increased contrast
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For computed radiography, what is the purpose of using laser film?
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Prints a permanent image of the examined body part.
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