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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What do you call the direct transformation from ice tovapor? |
sublimation |
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What do you call the direct transformation from vapor to ice?
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deposition |
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Define saturation |
Balance between rates of evaporation & condensation |
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Define vapor pressure |
that part of air pressure which isdue to water vapor |
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Define saturation vapor pressure |
Vapor pressure thatwould exist at equilibrium over a flat surface of water.Depends on temperature only. |
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What happens to the saturation vapor pressure as temperature increases? |
For each 10°C (roughly 20°F) temperature increase, saturation vapor pressure roughly doubles |
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The saturation vapor pressure equals what otherpressure when water boils? |
Water boils when it is so hot that the saturation vaporpressure = pressure in the hot water = air pressure +small extra pressure due to weight of liquid water |
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What happens to the boiling temperature as you go to higher altitudes? Why does this happen? |
water boils at al ower temperature the higher you go because there is lower air pressure at higher altitudes. |
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define relative humidity |
vapor pressure / saturation vapor pressure |
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If the temp and dew point temp are close in values, is the relative humidity high or low? |
high |
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If the temp and dew point temp are not close in values, is the relative humidity high or low? |
low |
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If the dew point temp is really low, will the air have the highest or lowest water vapor content? |
lowest |
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If the dew point temp is really high, will the air have the highest or lowest water vapor content? |
highest |
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What fraction of evaporation occurs over oceans? |
85% of evaporation |
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How common are condensation nuclei? |
Abundant! (100’s to 10,000’s in cubic centimeter) |
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What does it mean if a condensation nucleus ishygroscopic? |
Some nuclei (such as salts) are “hygroscopic”: they dissolveand allow condensation at < 100% relative humidity |
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If hygroscopic condensation nuclei are present, howlow can the relative humidity be for condensation? |
can be as low as 75% relative humidity |
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How does a dry haze look different from a wet haze? |
Dry haze looks blue and wet haze looks white. |
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What is Radiation fog? |
(aka ground fog) infrared radiation fromground cools air next to it until condensation occurs. Thickest at sunrise after cooling all night. |
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What is Advection fog? |
warm moist air advects over coldsurface i.e.Occurs along Pacific Coast when warm moist air fromPacific blows over cold ocean current next toCalifornia coast. Example: Fog by San Francisco’sGolden Gate Bridge |
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What is Upslope Fog? |
Fog can form when air cools to saturation as itblows up the side of a mountain. (Recall: Airdoes work as it expands into lower pressure.) |
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What is Steam fog? |
Water evaporates from warm surface; warm,moist air rises; mixes with cold air above; aircools to dewpoint |
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what does alto mean? |
middle |
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Name the high clouds |
cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus |
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Name the middle clouds |
altostratus, altocumulus |
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Name the low clouds |
stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus |
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Name the clouds of vertical development |
cumulus, cumulus congestus, cumulonimbus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
Cirrus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
cirrocumulus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
altostratus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
altocumulus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
stratus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
stratocumulus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
nimbostratus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
cumulus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
cumulus congestus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
cumulonimbus |
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What type of cloud is the circular one? |
lenticular |
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What type of cloud is this? |
cirrostratus |
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What type of cloud is this? |
mammatus |
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What do you do when you're cloud seeding? |
inject ice nuclei into cloud to encourage ice crystal process. |
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what is sleet? |
Sleet (ice pellets) forms when rain freezes before reachingthe ground. Requires deep freezing layer near ground. |
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what is freezing rain? |
Freezing rain is rain that freezes after reaching the ground.Requires shallow freezing layer near ground. |
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How much is a trace of precipitation? |
< 0.01 inches |
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What is the average sea level pressure in Millibars? |
1013 mb |
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What is pressure gradient? |
(pressure difference) / distance |
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Which direction does the pressure gradient force push air? |
from high to low pressure |
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In Northern Hemisphere, winds spiral ____ _____ low and spiral ____ _____ high |
counter clockwise into low clockwise out of high |
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In Southern Hemisphere, winds spiral ____ _____ low and spiral ____ _____ high |
clockwise into low counter clockwise out of high |