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56 Cards in this Set
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Which nutrients function as coenzymes and are needed in only small amounts? A. electrolytes B. vitamins C. minerals D. carbohydrates |
vitamins (B) |
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Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration A. glycolysis-> citric acid cycle -> acetyl CoA -> electron transport chain B. citric acid cycle -> electron transport chain -> glycolysis -> acetyl CoA C. glycolysis-> acetyl CoA -> citric acid cycle -> electron transport chain D. electron transport chain -> citric acid cycle -> glycolysis -> acetyl CoA E. acetyl CoA-> citric acid cycle -> electron transport chain-> glycolysis |
glycolysis-> acetyl CoA -> citric acid cycle -> electron transport chain (C) |
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Which is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? A. C6H12O6+6H2O--> 6CO2+6O2+ATP B. C6H12O6+6CO2--> 6O2+6H2O+ATP C. 6O2+6H2P+ATP--> C6H12O6+ 6CO2 D. C6H12O6+6O2 --> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP E. 6CO2+6H20+ATP--> C6H12O6+6O2 |
C6H12O6+6O2 --> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP (D) |
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Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? A. electron transport chain B. ATP production by ATP synthase C. acetyl CoA formation D. glycolysis E. citric acid cycle |
glycolysis (D) |
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In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? A. nucleus B. Golgi apparatus C. mitochondrion D. chloroplast E. lysosome |
mitochondrion (C) |
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Which statement describes glycolysis? A. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose B. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose C. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration D. This process converts pyretic acid to acetyl CoA E. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion |
this process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose (A) |
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Which statement describes the citric acid cycle? A. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose B. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration C. This process converts pyretic acid to acetyl CoA D. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion E. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose |
this process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion (D) |
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Which statement describes the electron transport chain? A. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose B. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration C. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose D. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion E. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA |
this process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration (B) |
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Glycolysis occurs in the _______ of cells and is an _______ process A. cytosol; anaerobic B. mitochondria; anaerobic C. cytosol; aerobic D. mitochondria; aerobic |
cytosol; anaerobic (A) |
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Which term describes the breakdown of stored fats into glycerol and fatty acids? A. lipolysis B. beta oxidation C. lipogenesis D. ketogenesis |
lipolysis (A) |
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Which of the following is NOT an end product of the Krebs cycle? A. NADH B. CO2 C. FADH2 D. citric acid |
citric acid (D) |
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The body's rate of kilocalorie consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities is called the: A. basal metabolic rate B. food-induced thermogenesis C. total metabolic rate D. chemical thermogenesis |
total metabolic rate (C) |
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Which hormone is called the "metabolic" hormone? A. insulin B. thyroxine C. glucagon D. epinephrine |
thyroxine (B) |
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During ketosis caused by inadequate ingestion of carbohydrates, : A. the glycogen content of the liver is reduced B. the pH of the urine is elevated C. homeostatic mechanisms effectively increase the concentration of the blood's carbonic acid D. All of the above |
the glycogen content of the liver is reduced (A) |
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______ is a substance in food used by the body to promote normal growth, maintenance, and repair A. A nutrient B. A hormone C. ATP D. A calorie |
a nutrient (A) |
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Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? A. vitamin A B. vitamin K C. vitamin B D. vitamin D |
vitamin B (C) |
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Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? A. derived only from legumes and other plant material B. derived from meat and fish only C. must contain all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth D. meets all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet |
must contain all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth (C) |
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The most abundant dietary lipids are: A. triglycerides B. cholesterol C. fatty acids D. phospholipids |
triglycerides (A) |
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In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except: A. production of enzymes, clotting factors, and antibodies B. production of some hormones C. production of energy D. formation of functional molecules like hemoglobin and cytochromes |
production of energy (C) |
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Which of the following best defines negative nitrogen balance? A. a negative nitrogen balance is normal and is a way of maintaining homeostasis B. it is a condition usually caused by having a diet low in fish and meat C. it occurs when amino acids are broken down by liver enzymes and carried to the bloodstream D. protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis |
protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis (D) |
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Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones are anabolic (T/F) |
False |
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For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose (T/F) |
True |
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Which of the following is represented by the 'membrane' indicated in the figure? A. nuclear membrane B. plasma membrane C. outer mitochondrial membrane D. inner mitochondrial membrane |
inner mitochondrial membrane (D) |
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Which of the following molecules is most directly involved in the transfer of "energy from food" to the "proton pumps" depicted in this figure? A. NADH B. ATP C. ADP D. carbon dioxide E. oxygen |
NADH (A) |
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Redox reactions: A. are characterized by one substance gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron B. do not occur under physiological conditions C. rarely involve enzymes D. are characterized by the exchange of water molecules |
are characterized by one substance gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron (A) |
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What is the primary function of cellular respiration- its end-purpose? A. to generate ATP B. to produce proteins C. to oxidize glucose D. to metabolize nutrients |
to generate ATP (A) |
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Glucose serves as the initial reactant |
Glycolysis |
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Involves the removal of hydrogen electrons and CO2 from the substrate molecule |
Krebs cycle |
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Occurs in the cytosol of a cell |
Glycolysis |
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Produces the most ATP |
Electron transport chain |
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Involves the use of oxygen to pick up excess hydrogen and electrons |
Electron transport chain |
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Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? A. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation B. glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain C. lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation D. gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis |
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation (A) |
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Which of the following describes the event depicted on the right side of the figure? A. oxidation of ADP B. substrate-level phosphorylation C. active transport of H+ ions D. oxidative phosphorylation |
oxidative phosphorylation (D) |
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the electron transport chain? A. NADH is a product of the ETC B. The ETC occurs in the mitochondria C. The final electron acceptor in the ETC is water D. The electron transport chain is an anaerobic pathway |
The ETC occurs in the mitochondria (B) |
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Ammonia, which is a byproduct of protein metabolism, is converted to ______ primarily in the ________ A. ketones; liver B. ketones; kidney C. urea; kidney D. urea; liver |
urea; liver (D) |
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____________ is the key hormone regulator of the absorptive state A. Glucagon B. Parathyroid hormone C. Cortisol D. Insulin |
Insulin (D) |
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The primary goal during the post absorptive state is to: A. break down glucose in the liver B. form glycogen C. maintain blood glucose levels within an adequate range D. build fat reserves |
maintain blood glucose levels within an adequate range (C) |
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Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose |
Glycogenolysis |
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Formation of glucose from proteins or fats |
Gluconeogenesis |
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Storage of glucose in the form of glycogen |
Glycogenesis |
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Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid |
Glycolysis |
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Synthesis of lipids from glucose or amino acids |
Lipogenesis |
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Splitting of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids |
Lipolysis |
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Conversion of fatty acids into acetyl groups |
Beta oxidation |
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Formation of ketone bodies |
Ketogenesis |
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Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? A. oxidative phosphorylation B. substrate-level phosphorylation C. oxidation reactions D. lactic acid production |
oxidative phosphorylation (A) |
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Lipogenesis occurs when: A. excess proteins are transported through the cell membrane B. cellular ATP and glucose levels are high C. there is a shortage of fatty acids D. glucose levels drop slightly |
cellular ATP and glucose levels are high (B)
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What is the outcome of ketosis? A. water retention and edema B. glucogenesis C. metabolic acidosis D. glycogen buildup E. metabolic alkalosis |
metabolic acidosis (C) |
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In gluconeogenesis, during the post absorptive state, amino acids and ________ are converted to glucose A. glucagon B. glycerol C. glycogen D. acetyl CoA |
glycerol (B) |
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When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of: A. glycogen B. amino acids C. lactic acid D. fatty acids |
fatty acids (D) |
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Which brain region is the main integrating center for thermoregulation? A. cerebrum B. hypothalamus C. medulla oblongata D. thalamus |
hypothalamus (B) |
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Heat exchange when you are under a ceiling fan |
Convection |
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Heat loss during sweating |
Evaporation |
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Heat transfer into the chair you are sitting on |
Conduction |
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Heat loss in the form of infrared waves |
Radiation |
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The term basal metabolic rate reflects the: A. loss of energy to perspiration B. loss of organic molecules in urine C. energy needed to make all organic molecules D. energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities |
energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities (D) |
