Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Otitis Media (middle ear infection) - bacterial |
Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis. |
|
Otitis Media (middle ear infection) - viral |
measles, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial (RSV) viruses (RSV) |
|
Pink Eye (bacterial conjunctivitis) |
Haemophilus influenzae, Strep pneumoniae |
|
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis (inclusion conjunctivitis, paratrachoma) and Trachoma |
Chlamydia trachomatis |
|
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis (Gonorrheal Ophthalmia Neonatorum) |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae = gonococcus or GC |
|
Diphtheria |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae - transmission occurs via airborne droplets, direct contact, contaiminated fomites raw milk) |
|
Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) |
Streptococcus pyogenes - transmission is human-to-human by direct contact, usually hands; also via aerosol droplets |
|
Pneumonia |
Gram + or Gram - bacteria, mycoplasmas, chlamydias, ciruses, fungi or protozoa. Community-acquired is most frequently caused by Strep pneumoniae <---- most common cause of pneumonia in the world |
|
Legionellosis (legionnaire'sdisease, pontiac fever) |
Legionella pneumophila, Gram - bacillus; transmission is via ponds, air-conditioning systems, hot tubs, etc. |
|
Mycoplasma pneumonia (primary atypical pneumonia) |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - tiny, Gram - bacteria, no cell walls, transmission via droplet inhalation, direct contact with infected person, or contaminated articles |
|
Tuberculosis (Tb) |
primarily mycobacterium tuberculosis - slow-growing acid-fast, gram positive to gram variabile bacillus) Ocassionally other mycobacterium spp. - transmission occurs primarily via infected humans (airborne droplets) |
|
Whooping cough (pertussis) |
Bordatella pertussis |
|
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) - trench mouth |
synergistic infection involving 2 or more species of anaerobic bacteria of the indigenous oral microflora |
|
Bacterial Gastritis and Ulcers |
Helicobacter pylori, Gram neg. bacisllus transmission ingestion H. pylori-diagnostic, antibioitic for tx |
|
Campylobacter Enteritis |
Campylobacter jejuni (less common, C. Coli) Transmision via animals (poultry, sheep, swine, rodents, puppies, pets) |
|
Cholera |
- certain types of Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 Gram neg. bacillus - transmission occurs via infected humans and aquatic reserviors; fecal oral route |
|
Salmonellosis |
Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Gram neg bacilli that invade intestial cells, release endotoxin, and produce cytotoxins and enterotoxins
Transmission via domestic and wild animals, contaiminated food, fecal-oral, food handlers, contaminated water |
|
Typhoid Fever (enteric fever) |
Salmonella typhi (gram - bacillus that releases endotoxin and produce exotoxin) Transmission occurs via infected humans for typhoid and paratyphoid; some people become carriers after infection (i.e. Typhoid Mary) |
|
Shigeollosis (Bacillary Dysentery) |
Shigella dystenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei; nonmotile gram neg bacilli, members of family enterobacteriaceae Tranmision via infected human |
|
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) Diarrhea |
E. coli 0157:H7 is most commonly involved Transmission occurs via cattle feces; also infected humans, fecal-oral route |
|
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Diarrhea (traveler's diarrhea) |
Many different serotypes of enterotoxigenic E. coli Transmission is via infected humans, fecal-oral |
|
UTI - most common |
Most common are E. Coli and other Enterobacteriaceae (esp. Proteus and Klebsiella) |
|
UTI - other common causes |
Enterococcus spp, Staphylogoccus spp (esp. S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
UTI two types |
healthcare-associated UTIs community-acquired UTIs |
|
Genital Chlamydial Infections (genital chamydiasis) |
direct sexual contact, or mother-to-neonate during birth |
|
Gonorrhea |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae; a Gram - diplococcus mucous membrane-to-mucous membrane contact |
|
Syphilis |
Treponema pallidum; gram-variable, tightly-coied; seem by darkfield microscopy usually sexual contact; also blood transfusions and transplacentally from mother to fetus |
|
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (tickborne typhus fever) |
Rickettsia rickettsii; gram negative bacterium; obligate intracellular pathogen transmission occurs via infected ticks on dogs, rodents, and other animals |
|
Endemic Typhus Fever (Murine Typhus Fever, Fleaborne Typhus) |
Rickettsia typhi; a gram negative bacterium; an obligate intracellular pathogen Transmission occurs via rats, mice, possibly other mammals, infected rat fleas |
|
Epidemic Typhus Fever (Lousborne typhus) |
Rickettsia prowazekii; gram negative bacterium; obligate intracelluar pathogen Reservoirs are infected humans and body lice |
|
Erlichiosis |
Gram negative coccobacilli, closely related to ricketsias; obligate intraleukocytic pathogens Reservoir unkonwn; transmission is via tick bite |
|
Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) |
Borrelia burgdorferi; a gram negative, loosely coiled spirochete Transmission is via tick bite |
|
Plague (Black Death, Bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicemic plague) |
Yersinia pestis; a non-motile, bipolar-staining, Gram negative coccobacillus Transmission is via wild rodents and their fleas (flea bite) |
|
Tularemia (rabbit fever) |
Francisella tularensis; a pleomorphic, Gram negative coccobacillus Transmission is tick bite; with rabbits |
|
Listeriosis |
Listeria monocytogenes; gram positive coccobacillus transmission occurs via ingestion of raw or contaiminated milk, soft cheeses, vegetables |
|
Tetanus (lockjaw) |
Clostridium tetani; a motile, gram positive anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus Transmission occurs via spores of C. tetani entering a puncture wound, burn, or needlestick by contamination with soil, dust, or feces |
|
Acne |
Propionibacterium acnes and other Propionnibacterium spp; anaerobic Gram + bacilli |
|
Anthrax, Woolsorter's Disease |
Bacillus anthracis; a spore-forming, Gram + bacillus |
|
Gas Gangrene (Myonecrosis) |
anaerobic bacteria in the genus Clostridium, especially C. perfringens |
|
Leprosy (Hansen Disease) |
Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast bacillus |
|
Staphylococcal Skin Infections (folliculitis, furuncles, abscesses, etc.) |
Staphylococcus aureus, a gram + coccus |
|
Streptococcal Skin Infections (Scarlet Fever, Erysipelas, etc.) |
Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram + coccus |
|
Wound infections |
result when skin barrier is broken opportunistic indigenous microflora and environmental bacteria can invade and cause local or deep tissue infections pathogens may spread through blood or lymph, causing serious systemic infections |