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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This class of antibiotics is in the Penam group and inhibits transpeptidation:
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Penicillin
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What are the three things that penicillin needs to function in the bacterial cell?
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1. Transpeptidases
2. Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) 3. Autolytic Enzyme |
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What are the two major transpeptidases of bacteria?
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PBPs 1a and 1b
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Which bacteria have developed penicillin resistance through production of B-lactamase?
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Staphlococcus sp
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Which three bacteria have gained penicillin resistance through alteration of their PBPs?
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1. Strep pnumoniae
2. Neisseria gonorrhea 3. MRSA |
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These members of the 1st group of penicillins are good against Gram + cocci like S. pyogenes and A. haemolyticum:
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Penicillin G and V
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These are the members of the 2nd group of penicillins which are useful against producers of B-lactamase and gram + cocci (Streptococci).
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Oxacillins (cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin), Methicillin, Nafcillin and Temocillin - Ordinary Men Never Take 2nd
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Name two important B-lactamsase scavengers:
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1. Clavulinic Acid
2. Sulbactams |
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These two members of the 3rd group of penicillins are good for gram - but are not B-lactamase resistant and may need a scavenger:
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1. Ampicillin
2. Amoxicillin |
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These two antibiotics bind to Dala Dala, are good for gram + infections and are resistant to Beta lactamase:
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Vancomycin and Teicoplanin
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This Beta Lactam is good against only gram - bacteria and is used for enterobacteria. It cannot bind the PBPs of Gram +
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Monobactam (Aztreonam:synthetic derivative)
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This Beta Lactam is good against gram - and + and has great spectum of coverage. Is useful against most medically relevant infectious organisms and is resistant to Beta Lactamase
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Thienamycins (imipenem)
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These antibiotics bind the terminal D-ala D-ala of cell wall peptidoglycan and won't allow cross bridges
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Vancomycin and Teicoplanin
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This antibiotic inhibits the assembly of the 70s ribosome and is the first antibiotic in a completely new class in 35yrs. Important against S. aureus
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Oxazolidinone (Zyvox)
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This group of antibiotics has many important members, binds to the 30s ribosome, is best against gram - bacteria and forms streptomycin monosomes:
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Aminoglycosides (GNAT)
Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, and Netilmicin |
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This group of antibiotic acts against the 30s ribosome, is bacteriostatic (binds S4 and S18) and interferes with aminoacyl tRNA entering the acceptor site
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Tetracyclines (Doxycycline and Minocycline)
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How is resistance to tetracyclines achieved by bacteria?
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Through efflux mechanism
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This family of antibiotics are highly used, broad spectrum, useful against gram - and +, and affect the 30s ribosome:
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Tetracyclines (Doxy and Mino)
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Antibiotics that have this mechanism bind L15 and 16 subunits, inhibit transpeptidation, are best against gram + and are mosly bacteriostatic
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Antibiotics against 50s ribosome
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What are the antibiotics that mainly act against the 50s ribosome?
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Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Clindamycin, and Chloramphenicol
It only takes 50 SECCC |
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What is the antibiotic for which aplastic anemia is a risk?
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Chloramphenicol
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For which group is resistance gained by alteration of the ribosome or acetylation of the antibiotic?
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50s ribosomes - Chloramphenicol is one that gets acetylated
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This antibiotic is specific for the RNA polymerase of bacterial cells, binding to the beta subunit of this enzyme and blocking mRNA initiation:
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Rifampin
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How is resistance to rifampin gained?
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Through mutation of the Beta subunit of RNA polymerase
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This antibiotic is especially useful against TB, leprosy, Legionella, Haemophilus, and most other gram + species
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Rifampin
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This antibiotic is useful for treatment of infections with anaerobic bacteria and some protozoa (amebiasis and giardiasis). It is synthetic and broken down into free radicals.
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Metronidazole
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This group of antibiotics block DNA replication by inhibiting a subunit of DNA gyrase in bacteria.
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Quinolones
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Inhibits gyrase/helicase and is used to treat gram - uncomplicated urinary tract infections
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Nalidixic Acid
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These antibiotics inhibit DNA gyrase/helicase, have gram - and gram + activity and are useful against pseudomonas. Generally they are ideal drugs for UTIs
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Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin
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This antibiotic affects the bacterial cell membrane, targeting the gram -, resulting in leakage and is useful against pseudomonas
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Polymyxin E
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This is a macrolide antibiotic with a specificity towards fungi. It is used in situations of deep mycoses and is extremely toxic. Acts by binding ergosterol and creating pores.
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Amphoterocin B
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This is a topical antibiotic that acts against fungi by binding ergosterol, is toxic.
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Nystatin
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These broad spectrum antifungals inhibit ergosterol synthesis and cause lethal leakage of the cell. They are members of the azole family and have some toxicity.
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Imidazoles (Miconazole and Ketoconazole)
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This antifungal functions similarly to azoles but has lipophilic activity against a broad spectrum of yeasts and fungi
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Triazole (itraconazole)
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Name the antibiotics that affect intermediary metabolism:
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Aminosalicylic Acid
Sulphonomides Isoniazid Sulfones Trimethoprim ASIST in killing bacteria. |
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These antibiotics afftect intermediary metabolism by inhibiting folate synthesis through competitive inhibition of PABA
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Aminosalicylic acid
Sulphonomides Sulfones Kick PABA's ASS |
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This antibiotic interferes with intermediate metabolism of bacteria by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase
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Trimethoprim - Has UTI synergy with Sulphonoides
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This competetive inhibitor of PABA is used against TB
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Aminosalicylic Acid
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This competetive inhibitor of PABA is used against leprosy
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Sulfone
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This competetive inhibitor of PABA is used against Gram - and + UTIs
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Sulphomomides - has synergy with Trimethoprim
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This antibiotic inhibits mycolic acid, is used for TB because it inhibits wall formation in the Acid fast bacteria
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Isoniazid
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