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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are some first lines of defense?
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Chemical: lysosomes, low pH, digestive enzymes
Physical: skin, tears, coughing, sneezing Genetic: inherent gene makeup |
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List some second lines of defense
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Phagocytosis
Inflammation Fever Interferon |
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List the third lines of defense
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T and B cells, antibodies
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What is the main distinguishing difference between the 3 lines of defense?
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1st and 2nd are innate and nonspecific, while the 3rd isnacquired and specific.
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What are the four body compartments involved in immunty?
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1. Reticuloendothelial system
2. Spaces containing extracellular fluids 3. Bloodstream 4. Lymph system |
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What are eosinophils functions?
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Involved in allergic responses and inflammation, important targets include helminths and fungi
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What are stem cells?
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The primary precursor to new blood cells--they are undifferentiated
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Leukocytes can be further broken down into what groups?
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Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
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What cells are included in the Agranulocytes?
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Monocytes (macrophages and dendritic cells) and lymphocytes (T and B CEO sand NK cells)
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What cells are included in Granulocytes?
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Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells
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What percentage do each of the following take up in the blood?
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Lymphocytes |
Neutrophils: 55-90%
Eosinophils: 1-3% Basophils: 0.5% Monocytes: 3-7% Lymphocytes: 20-35% |
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Macrophages are versatile, explain 3 actions they are responsible for.
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1. Specific and non specific kiling and phagocytic functions
2. Processing foreign molecules and printing them to lymphocytes 3. Secretions that assist, mediate, attract, and inhibit immune cells and reaction. |
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What are eosinophils primary action?
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First on site to inflammation, phagocytosis of large pathogenic molecules
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Explain the job of neutrophils.
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General phagocytosis
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What are basophils responsible for?
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Recruitment of other leukocytes to sites of infection
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Mast cells (motile/nonmotile) and are responsible for what?
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Nonmotile, First line defenders in local invasion in pathogens, recruiting other inflammatory cells, directly responsible for the release of histamine and other allergic stimulants during immediate allergies.
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What is the distinguishing factor of monocytes?
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They leave circulation nd mature into macrophages which are the largest phagocytic cells and are required for bothbspecific and non specific immune responses.
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What do T cells do?
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They assist B cells, mature in the thymus gland.
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Where do B cells mature?
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Yellow bone marrow
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Where do dendritic cells move to after leaving the blood?
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RES and lymph system
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Where do erythrocytes develop?
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Stem cells in the bone marrow (aka red blood cells)
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In regard to lymphoid organs, what are the primary organs? Secondary?
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Primary: thymus gland and bone marrow
Secondary: lymph, spleen, MALT, SALT, GALT. (mucose, skin, and gut associated lymphoid tissue) |
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What is the name of the syndrome that occurs when a child is born without a thymus?
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DiGeorge syndrome
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Do we need a thymus? Why?
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T cells mature here, people without a thymus are securely immunodeficient.
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What is the spleen responsible for?
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Filtering blood, removing worn out red blood cells, immunogically the spleen functions to filter pathogens from the blood
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What are some examples of GALT? What do components of GALT do?
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Appendix, Peyers patches, lymphocytes in the ileum of the small intestine. GALT provides immune function against intestinal pathogens
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What is MALT important for?
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Local, rapid response ton the constant influx of microbes entering the GI, respiratory, urinary and other portals of entry.
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