Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the three most common causative agents of Bacterial Meningitis?
|
Streptococcus pneumonia > Neisseria meningitidis > H. influenzae
|
|
|
Which is more severe, bacterial or viral meningitis?
|
bacterial
|
|
|
Why has the incidence of H. influenzae meningitis gone down?
|
Vaccination
|
|
|
What age group is Hib meningitis most common in?
|
Children < 4 yoa
|
|
|
What are the physical characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae?
|
gram negative coccobacilli
|
|
|
What are the physical characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis?
|
gram negative diplococci
|
|
|
What is the causative microbe of Meningococcal meningitis?
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
|
Is there any prophylaxis against Meningococcal meningitis?
|
Yes, vaccines against the capsular serotypes that are not B are effective.
|
|
|
What are the S&S associated with Bacterial Meningitis?
|
Fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, convulsions, coma
|
|
|
What morphology and gram stain does Streptococcal pneumonia have?
|
gram positive diplococci
|
|
|
What age group is primarily affected by P. meningitis?
|
1 month - 4 yoa
|
|
|
Is there any prophylaxis for P. meningitis?
|
Too many serotypes to make a vaccine. Antibiotics may be used.
|
|
|
What is the causative microbe of Listeriosis?
|
Listeria monocytogenes (note that they primary affect macrophages which is a monocyte)
|
|
|
What was the noted primary non-living reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes?
|
refrigerated foods (deli meats and soft cheeses)
|
|
|
Is there any prophylaxis for L. monocytogenes?
|
Bacteriophage spray
|
|
|
What is the causative microbe of Tetanus?
|
Clostridium tetani
|
|
|
What is the morphology and gram stain of C. tetani?
|
obligate anaerobic gram positive bacilli with subterminal endospores
|
|
|
What is the neurotoxin associated with Tetanus? What does this toxin cause?
|
Tetanospasmin; spasms and muscle contraction
|
|
|
What are the S&S for Tetanus infection?
|
lockjaw, opisthotonos. Death can result from respiratory failure
|
|
|
Is there any prophylaxis for Tetanus?
|
DTAP (diptheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) vaccine. Also toxin immunoglobulins can be given
|
|
|
What age group does tetanus primarily affect?
|
people > 50 yoa
|
|
|
What is the causative microbe of botulism?
|
Clostridium botulinum
|
|
|
What are the S&S of botulism?
|
blurred vision, difficult swallowing, flaccid paralysis
|
|
|
Is there any treatment for botulism?
|
If given before the toxin attaches to the nerves, trivalent ABE antitoxin can save the patient.
|
|
|
What age group is most affected by botulism?
|
Infants. Do not give honey
|
|
|
What is another name for Leprosy?
|
Hansen's disease
|
|
|
What is the morphology and gram stain of C. botulinum?
|
oligate anaerobic gram positive bacillus with endospores
|
|
|
Is there treatment for Leprosy?
|
Yes, antibiotics can render patient non-contagious
|
|
|
How is Leprosy transmitted?
|
Prolonged and intimate contact
|
|
|
What is the more serious and disfiguring leprosy in patients without cell-mediated immunity?
|
lepromatous/progressive./multibacillary (lepromin test = negative)
|
|
|
What is the leprosy that occurs in people with normal immune systems?
|
Tuberculoid/neural form/paucibacillary (lepromin test = positive)
|
|
|
How is polio transmitted?
|
fecal contaminated water
|
|
|
What are the S&S of polio?
|
headache, sore throat, fever, few cases of paralysis
|
|
|
What is the formalin-inactivated virus of polio vaccine called?
|
Salk IPV
|
|
|
What is the attenuated live polio virus vaccine called?
|
Salk OPV
|
|
|
What is the polio vaccine for immunocompromised called?
|
E-IPV
|
|
|
What does Arboviruses stand for?
|
Arthropod borne viruses (mosquitoes)
|
|
|
What is the most severe form of Arboviral Encephalitis in the US?
|
Eastern equine encephalitis
|
|
|
What is the most common form of Arboviral Encephalitis in the US?
|
California enceph. - mild
|
|
|
What are S&S of west nile?
|
subclinical, mild, fatal encephalitis, polio-like paralysis
|
|
|
What is the treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans (fungal disease)?
|
Amphotericin B & flucytosine
|
|
|
What is the treatment for Naegleria meningoencephalitis?
|
Usually you die, but some have lived while on Ampotericin B.
|
|
|
What is African Trypanosomiasis?
|
Protozoan sleeping sickness transmitted by the tsetse fly
|
|
|
What is the drug that could be used to treat African Trypanosomiasis?
|
Eflornithine
|
