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58 Cards in this Set
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Strept Throat
(Strept pharyngitis) Organism & Transmission |
Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A Trans: Respiratory areosols and contaminated food |
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Strept Throat
(Strept pharyngitis) Symptoms & Characteristics Treatment |
Sort Throat, if left untreated-Scarlet Fever, inner ear infection, acute glomerulonephritis
Treatment: Penicillin |
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Scarlet Fever
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When S. pyogenes produces an erythrogenic (reddening) toxin, it results in scarlet fever. It has been lysed by a bacteriophage. Causes pink.red skin rash and high fever. Strawberry-like tongue, that peels like scalded skin syndrome.
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Diphtheria
Organism & Transmission |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Trans: Respiratory areosols and fomites |
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Diphtheria
Symptoms |
Fever, Aches, Pains, general malaise, swelling of the neck
Produces an exotoxin capable of killing a 200lb man with .01mg by causing kidney and heart failure, and partial paralysis. |
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Diphtheria
Characteristics |
Gram + Rod
Doesn't produce spores Must distinguish between Strept Diphtheria has both virulent and non-virulent strains. |
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Sinusitis
Organism & Transmission |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae spread from infected nasal mucosa, (colds, allergies etc.) |
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Sinusitis
Symptoms |
Mucus build-up
Membranes swell Pressure builds can Be chronic |
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Sinusitis
Characteristics |
Capsules
Alpha-hemolytic Gram(-) - haemophilus influenza |
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Sinusitis
Treatment |
Penicillin in severe cases
analgesics, nasal decongestants, steam inhalation |
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Otitis Media
(Earache) organisms |
Streptococcus pneumoniae G(+)
Haemophilus influenza G(-) Streptococcus pyogenes G(+) Staphylococcus aureus G(+) Moraxella catarhalis G(-)-Coccobacillius (Strict aerobe) |
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Otitis Media
(Earache) transmission |
infected nasal and throat mucosa through eustachian tube.
contaminates water in pools, trauma, enlarged adenoids, injury to eardrum |
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Otitis Media
(Earache) Symptoms |
Inflammation of inner ear
Pain Pressure Partial loss or hearing Can rupture ear drum. |
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Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Typical Pneumonia Organism & Transmission |
Streptococcus Pneumonia
Trans: Respiratory areosols |
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Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Typical Pneumonia Symptoms |
Fever, Labored Breathing, Chest Pain. bloody sputum, can get into pleural cavity, can cause menengitis.
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Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Typical Pneumonia Characteristics |
90 serotypes
Culture -Blood, micro aerophilic conditions, alpha hemolysis. Disks of Optichin or bile solubility tests. |
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Haemophilus influenzae
Pneumonia Organism & Transmission |
Haemophilus influenzae
Trans: Respiratory areosols |
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Haemophilus influenzae
Pneumonia Symptoms |
Fever, Labored Breathing, Chest Pain. bloody sputum, can get into pleural cavity, can cause menengitis.
Alcoholics, poor nutrition, cancer, and diabetes make a person more susceptible. |
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Haemophilus influenzae
Pneumonia Characteristics |
Gram (-) coccobacillus
sputum samples w/ gram stain differentiates from streptococcal pneumonia |
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Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
(primary atypical pneumonia) (walking pneumonia) 20% of all types |
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Trans: Respiratory aerosols |
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Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
Symptoms |
3+ weeks of milder symptoms
Fever, headache, and cough |
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Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
Characteristics |
No Cell Wall
Medium must contain horse serum and yeast extract Colonies look like fried eggs PCR Test |
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Whooping Cough
(Pertussis) Organism and transmission |
Boretella
Trans: Respiratory aerosols |
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Whooping Cough
(Pertussis) Symptoms |
Episodes of violent coughing
convalescence stage could last months Most often occurs in children Extreme mucus build-up in throat causes the coughing, that can sometimes braek ribs. |
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Whooping Cough
(Pertussis) Characteristics |
Gram (-) coccobacillus
obligate aerobic virulent strains produce capsules produces two toxins, tracheal cytotoxin, and pertussis toxin Agar-Bordet Genqou PCR test and wire in throat test. |
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Whooping Cough
(Pertussis) Treatment |
DTaP Vaccine
Erythromycin Must be treated prior to second stage, or hard to treat. |
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Tuberculosis (TB)
Organism & Transmission |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
respiratory aerosols High concentration % in- Asians, Southern states and Alaska D.C> and NYC - highest % |
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Tuberculosis (TB)
Symptoms |
Vague chest symptoms, fever, anorexia, pleurisy, night sweats, pulmonary hemorrhaging.
Bacteria form the tubercle by infesting the macrophages, they clump, then they are deteriorated by the bacteria from the inside of the clump out. They finally break out into the bronchi and cause severe complications. |
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Tuberculosis (TB)
Characteristics |
Slender rods, obligate aerobes
slow growing, acid fast, viable for weeks in dried sputum. TB Test, Mantoux test, floruescent Abs test, ELSPOT test. 3-6 weeks for culture Must be reported |
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Bronchitis
(Infection of Bronchi) Organism & Transmission |
Heamophilus influenza
Respiratory aerosols |
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Bronchitis
(Infection of Bronchi) Symptoms and characteristics |
Thick mucus, productive cough, can become chronic, can develop into pneumonia.
Swab sputum samples X&B growth on disks of blood agar and chocolate agar. |
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Coryza
(Common Cold) Organism & Transmission |
Rhinoviruses - 50%
Corona Viruses - 15-20% More than 200 are known only takes 1 virus to cause a cold Respiratory aerosols, fomites, hands |
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Coryza
(Common Cold) Symptoms & Characteristics |
Sneezing, excessive nasal secretions, coughing, congestion.
7-10 days to run course. Visual determination |
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Q Fever
Q-in australia means Query (don't know) Organism & Transmission |
Coxiella Burnetti (only 1 to infect.
Animal to Human,(aerosols from infected animals, infected milk, or foor products) Animal to Human (bite of infected ticks Mainly found in CA, AZ, WA, OR |
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Q Fever
Symptoms |
Flu-like pneumonia
60% are asymptomatic Fever, Headaches, Muscle aches, coughing, malaise for months 5-10 yrs after initial infection - poss endocartitis |
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Q Fever
Characteristics & Treatment |
Similar to endospores
OIP- Can't grow on medium Must culture in chick embryo G(-) Rod |
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Psittacosis
(Ornithosis) Organism & Transmission |
Chlamydophila psittaci
Aerosol discharge from birds inhalation of dried bird fecal matter Lots of different types of birds. |
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Psittacosis
(Ornithosis) Symptoms |
Is a type of pneumonia
Fever, headache, chills Sometimes delerium and disorientation Under stress makes you more susceptible to acquire |
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Legionnaires' Disease
(Legionellosis) Organism & Transmission |
Legionella pneumophila
aerosols from contaminated water. (A/C of hotels, pools, humidifiers etc.) Most susceptible to acquire: Male, over 50 that smoke and jave underlying health complications such as COPD |
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Legionnaires' Disease
(Legionellosis) Symptoms |
Fever about 105 degrees
cough general pneumonia-like symptoms |
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Legionnaires' Disease
(Legionellosis) Characteristics |
G(-) Rods
Aerobic Resistant to chlorine and phagocytes Grown on charcoal ans yeast extract medium Part of Rikettsia group. |
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Influenza
Organism & Transmission |
Influenza virus (Myxovirus)
Types A (Major Pandemics) Type B (Mild local) Type C (Rare) Respiratory aerosols, highly contagious. Many different animals spread. 1918 20 Mil people die from Type A |
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Influenza
Symptoms |
Chills, Fever, Muscle Aches, cold-like symptoms.
Secondary bacterial infections often take over. NO ASPIRIN- Reye's syndrome possible. |
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Influenza
Characteristics |
Mutate at a high rate
Many different strains Top 3 strains become flu vaccine H & N spikes identify the strains. H - Hemagluttinin N - Neuraminidase |
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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
(found in 4 corners area) Organism & Transmission |
Hantavirus (sin hombre) means no name
Family Bunyaviridae aerosol transmission of rodent feces (Deer mouse) |
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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
(found in 4 corners area) Symptoms |
Fever, Cough, severe pneumonia, Edema in Lungs(Drown), Heart failure
Mortality was 40-50%, no lower because of quick supportive care like High flow O2. |
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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
(found in 4 corners area) Characteristics |
RNA Virus
ELISA Test Western Blot Seriological test |
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Coccidiodomycosis
(San Joaquin Valley Fever)-Epidemic area Organism & Transmission |
Coccidioides immitis
(Ascomycetes) Inhalation of airborn spores No direct contact Possibly when driving |
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Coccidiodomycosis
(San Joaquin Valley Fever) Symptoms |
Often subclinical symptoms
Possible, chest pain, coughing, fever, weight loss Less than 1% are serious |
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Coccidiodomycosis
(San Joaquin Valley Fever) Characteristics |
Spherules
Hyphae lay dormant in soil, then blows in wind. Dimorphic (Yeast or mold) Mimics TB, must RO TB by looking for spherules. Skin test similar to TB Test |
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Histoplasmosis
(Mississippi Valley Fever) Organism and Transmission |
Histoplasma capsulatium
(Ascomycetes) Inhalation of airborne spores, bird or bat droppings. |
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Histoplasmosis
(Mississippi Valley Fever) Symptoms |
Will mimic TB as well
Very vague subclinical symptoms: Fever and cough. Small number of cases can become bad and spread through blood and lymph. |
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Histoplasmosis
(Mississippi Valley Fever) Characteristics |
Dimorphic Fungus
Can grow inside macrophages Pt Hx is important (camping, bat hunting, etc.) DNA Probes |
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Blastomycosis
Organism and Transmission |
Blaastomyces dermatitdis
(Ascomycetes) Inhalation of airborne spores. Farmers with open skin in wind |
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Blastomycosis
Symptoms & characteristics |
Abcess formation and tissue destruction
forms cutaneous infection Dimorphic fungus Mississippi River Valley Area Biopsy |
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Pneumocystis pneumonia
Organism and Transmission |
Pneumocystis jiroveci
(ascomycetes) respiratory secretions, inhaling organism from environment. |
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Pneumocystis pneumonia
Transmission and carriers |
Rare before HIV and AIDS
Healthy person usually not infected, only immunosuppressed individual. |
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Pneumocystis pneumonia
Symptoms and characterisics |
Fever, cyanosis, alveoli filled with frothy material
Related to yeasts Thick walled cysts found in Sputum. |