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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pure or stock culture |
A single bacterial species isolated from a mixed culture |
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Streak-plate technique |
A technique used to isolate a specific bacterial culture on an agar plate by turning the plate 90 degrees and zigzagging along the agar medium. |
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Serratia Marcescens |
A species of microorganism that has a red pigmentation |
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Micrococcus Luteus |
A specific species of microorganism that will show yellow colonies |
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Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) |
A specific microorganism that will show as white colonies |
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Obligate Thermophiles |
Microbial organisms that can function optimally in the 50-60 centigrade environments |
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Facultative Thermophiles |
Microbial organisms that can survive optimally in environments between 45-50 degrees centigrade |
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Plant Saprophytes |
A group of mesophile microbial organisms that function optimally between the 35-40 degrees centigrade |
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Three types of temperature microbial groups |
Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, and Thermophiles |
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Psychrophiles |
Microbial species that grow optimally between temperature ranges of -5 - 20 degrees centigrade |
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Normal human body temperature |
37 degrees centigrade |
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Enteric Bacteria |
Bacteria that survive in the digestive system |
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Zwitterions |
Amino acids that replaced a hydrogen on the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid to the amino group on the other side. |
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Coccus |
Microbe shape that resembles a sphere |
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Bacillus |
Microbe shape that resembles a pill |
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Vibrio |
Microbe shape that resembles a curved rod |
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Coccobacillus |
Microbe shape that resembles an oval or elongated circle |
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Spirochetes |
Microbe shape that resembles a corkscrew |
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Spirillum |
Microbe shape that resembles a wavy line |
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Pleomorphic |
A microbe that can change shape depending on environmental factors |
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Diplococcus |
A coccus shaped microbe that divides once along one axis |
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Streptococcus |
A coccus shaped microbe that divides many times along one axis |
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Tetrad |
A coccus shaped microbe that divides along two axis to form 4 identical cells |
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Sarcinae |
A coccus shaped microbe that divides along 3 axes which results in 8 daughter cells |
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Staphylococci |
A coccus shaped microbe that divides along all axes to form a grape like resulting structure |
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Streptobacillus |
Bacillus shaped microbes that divide multiple times along one axis |
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Diplobacillus |
A bacillus shaped microbe that divides one time about one axis |
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Rosette |
A microbe that divides using appendages that bloom like a flower |
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Inclusions |
General structures in a prokaryotic cell such as granules, vacuoles, or vesicles |
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Pili |
Small fimbriae appendages on the prokaryotic cell that are used for adhesion to surfaces |
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Plasmids |
Extra DNA found in the colloid cytoplasm of the prokaryotic cell that is used to improve the quality of the cell, but is not necessary for survival |
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Bacterial Capsule |
The outermost layer of the prokaryotic cell used for adhesion to surfaces |
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Gram positive bacteria |
Bacteria with abundant and thick cell walls made of peptidoglycan that absorb the gram stain well |
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Gram negative bacteria |
Bacteria that have thinner peptidoglycan cell walls but have two cell membranes that flank a thin cell wall that floats in the periplasm space |
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Liposaccharides |
Lipid-carbohydrate structures that extend from the outer membrane of the cell wall in gram negative bacteria |
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Teichoic Acid and Lipoteichoic Acid |
Lipid based appendages located in the peptidoglycan block on the cell walls of gram positive bacteria |
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NAGS and NAMS |
The backbone of peptidoglycan molecules that form an offset peptide bonds between tripeptides on the NAMS to strengthen the cell wall |
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Acid Fast bacteria |
Bacteria that closely resemble gram positive bacteria, but actually have a large lipid layer that can only be distinguished by a secondary stain of acid alcohol |
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Cell Wall Deficient |
Bacteria that are evolutionarily advanced to lack a cell wall but have reinforced cell membranes called mycoplasma |
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Mycoplasma |
Reinforced cell membranes with added cholesterol to increase rigidity of the cell membranes |
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L-Form bacteria |
Bacteria that used to have cell walls but lost them due to environmental conditions |
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Penicillin |
A general antibiotic that attacks the peptidoglycan of the cell wall |
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Chromatophores |
Internal structures within the bacteria that hold pigments and display color |
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Metachromatic granules |
Internal structures that store nutrients and phosphates that will show up as red with a blue stain |
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Clostridium Difficile |
Enteric bacteria that when multiplying causes severe intestinal inflammation and diarrhea |
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Clostridium Tetany |
A species of clostridium bacteria that lives in deep anaerobic conditions that can cause dysfunction of the muscles in the mandible and lumbar spinal area. |
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Sporulation |
In the context of bacteria, this means the formation of endospores that exist within the bacteria that lay dormant until activated |
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Endospore |
An internal structure that can survive beyond the lifespan of the host bacteria. These structures are resistant to depletion of nutrients, temperature, acids, bases, disinfectants or drying out |
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Monotrichous |
Microbes that have one flagellum for locomotion |
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Amphitrichous |
Microbes that have two flagellum for locomotion on opposite sides of the cell |
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Lophotrichous |
A microbe that has two or more flagellum on one end for locomotion |
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Peritrichous |
A microbe with two or more flagellum all around the cell |
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Atrichous |
A microbe that does not have any flagellum for locomotion |
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Endoflagella |
Flagella locomotion structures located between the cell membrane and cell walls to provide corkscrew locomotion |
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Positive chemotaxis |
Bacterium will move toward the positive attractant |
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Negative chemotaxis |
Bacterium will move away from a greater concentration of a chemical |
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Positive phototaxis |
Bacterium will move toward a light source as an attractant |
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Negative phototaxis |
Bacterium will move away from a light source as a repellant |
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Runs and tumbles |
The way bacteria move in media. Tumbles are suspensions of motion, runs are directional motions |
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Conjugation Pilus |
Sex pillus designed to perform gene transfer of plasmids and sometimes chromosomal dna |
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Glycocalyx |
An outside structure that consists of a slime layer and capsule that increases bacterial adherence to surfaces like teeth |
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Membrane Bound Proteins |
Proteins created through transcription and translation that are attached to the RER |
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Secretory proteins |
Proteins created by transcription and translation that are intended to be secreted into the bloodstream like hormones |
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Pseudopods |
Organisms that move by extending a fake foot and moving the rest of the body towards the foot. Examples are protozoans like amoebas |
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Osmotic pressure |
The measurement of the tendency of water to move towards it |
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Tonicity |
The measurements of salt conditions around the cell in question |
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Endotoxins |
Lipopolysaccharides on peptidoglycan |