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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the sx of giardiasis
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Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling diarrhea
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This protozoa is often seen in campers/hikers and results in bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling diarrhea
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Giardia lamblia
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Giardia lamblia is transmitted how? And can be dx by?
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Cysts in water, trophozoites or cysts in stool
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The treatment for giardiasis is
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Metronidazole
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This protozoa causes vaginitis that is characterized by foul-smell, greenish discharge, itching and burning
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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How is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?
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Sexually
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Trichomonas vaginalis is dx how?
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Trophozoites (motile) on wet mount
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The treatment for trichomonas vaginitis is
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Metronidazole
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Chagas disease is cased by what organism
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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What are the three sx characteristic of Chagas, and what part of the world do you find this disease
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dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus; South America
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What is the treatment for Chagas disease
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Nifurtimox
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The reduviid bug ("kissing bug") is responsible for the transmission of this organism
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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Trypanosoma cruzi infection can be dx by
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Blood smear
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African sleeping sickness can be caused by what two organisms?
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Trypanosoma gambiense, Trypanosoma rhodesiense
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What are the sx of African sleeping sickness?
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Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (due to antigenic variation), somnolence, coma
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The tsetse fly is responsible for transmission of what organism?
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Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense
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The treatment for blood borne African sleeping sickness is
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Suramin - Sure is nice to go to sleep
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"SURe is nice to go to sleep."
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The treatment for African sleeping sickness that has penetrated the CNS is
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Melarsoprol - MELAtonin helps with sleep
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Trypanosoma gambiense and Trpanosoma rhodesiense can be diagnosed by
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Blood smear
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Leishmania donovani cause what disease
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Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
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What are the sx of visceral leishmaniasis
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spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
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The sandfly transmits what organism?
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Leishmania donovani
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Leishmania donovani is transmitted by what organism?
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Sandfly
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How do you diagnose infection by Leishmania donovani?
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Macrophages containing amastigotes
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What is the treatment for visceral leishmaniasis
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Sodium stibogluconate
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Name the four types of malaria
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Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium falciparum
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What are the common sx of malaria
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Cyclic fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
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What types of Plasmodium have dormant forms in liver (hypnozoites) and causes relapsing malaria?
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P. vivax and P. ovale
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What Plasmodium cases severe malaria that can affect CNS
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P. falciparum
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What is the treatment for malaria?
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chloroquine + primaquine (to prevent relapse w/ vivax/ovale)
mefloquine sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine quinine + doxycycline |
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What are the symptoms of Babesiosis
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fever and hemolytic anemia
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How is Babesia transmitted?
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Ixodes tick
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What is a protozoa that is transmitted by the Ixodes tick
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Babesia
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What is a Maltese cross
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A classic sign of Babesiosis: a RBC has no RBC pigment and a cross shape can be seen
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What RBC forms are seen in babesiosis
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Maltese cross and ring forms
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What are the treatments for babesiosis
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Quinine, clindamycin
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Cryptosporidium causes what condition
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Mild disease (watery diarrhea) in non-immunocompromised. Severe diarrhea in AIDS.
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How is Cryptosporidium transmitted? diagnosed?
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Cysts in water, cysts on acid-fast stain
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There is no treatment for Cryptosporidium: true or false
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TRUE
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What protozoa causes brain abscess in HIV and birth defects?
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Toxoplasma gondii
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How is Toxoplasma gondii transmitted?
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Cysts in meat or cat feces; crosses placenta (pregnant women should avoid cats)
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Why should pregnant women avoid cats?
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Risk of Toxoplasma gondii transmission.
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How is Toxoplasma gondii infection diagnosed?
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Serology, biopsy
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How is Toxoplasma gondii infection treated?
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Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
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What organism can cause bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, and RUQ pain?
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Entamoeba histolytica; Amebiasis
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How is Amebiasis transmitted
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Cysts in water
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How is amebiasis dx?
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Serology and/or trophozoites or cysts in stool
RBCs in cytoplasm of entmoeba "flask-shaped ulcer" in submucosal colon |
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Treatment for Entamoeba histolytica infection
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Metronidazole and iodoquinol
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Naegleria fowleri is responsible for what disease
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Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
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Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis is caused by what protozoa?
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Naegleria fowleri
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How is Naegleria fowleri transmitted?
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Swimming in freshwater lakes (enter via cribriform plates)
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How is Naegleria fowleri diagnosed?
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Amoebas in spinal fluid
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