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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Bergey's manual use to categorize bacteria into taxa?
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rRNA sequences
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What are some of the identifying characteristics that Bergey's manual lists?
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Gram stain reaction, cellular morphology, oxygen requirements, and nutritional properties
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Members of the phylum Proteobacteria share what gram stain result?
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Gram -
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List the 5 classes of the phylum proteobacteria.
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Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon
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Review: Distiguish between chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs.
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Both depend on redox reactions of inorganic or organic compounds for energy. Autotrophs use CO2 and heterotrophs require an outside organic carbon source.
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What traits do Alpha proteobacteria share?
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They are chemoautotrophs and chemoheterotrophs that are capable of nitrogen fixation. They are capable of growth with very low levels of nutrients.
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List some characteristics of the Alpha proteobacterium, Azopirillum.
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It fixes nitrogen and lives in symbiosis with many grasses.
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List some characteristics of the Alpha proteobacterium, Rhizobium.
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It fixes nitrogen and lives in symbiosis with legumes.
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List some characteristics of the Alpha proteobacteria, Acetobacter and Gluconobacter.
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They convert ethanol into acetic acid (vinegar). Industrially important.
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List some characteristics of the Alpha proteobacterium, Agrobacterium tumafaciens.
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It is a pathogen that causes Gall Disease in plants. It is also used to genetically engineer dicot plants.
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List some traits of the Alpha proteobacterium, Nitrobacter.
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Chemoautotroph and nitrifying, important to the nitrogen cycle and nitrification, also important in agriculture and the environment. NO2- to NO3-
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List some traits of the Alpha proteobacterium, Brucella.
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Pathogen of humans and animals; causes Brucellosis (undulant fever), can survive phagocytosis, and is an obligate parasite of mammals.
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List some traits of the Beta proteobacterium, Nitrosomonas.
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Nitrifying bacteria; important in nitrification and the nitrogen cycle, also important in agriculture (NH4+ to NO2-)
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List some traits of the Beta proteobacterium, Thiobacillus.
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It is a sulfur oxidizing bacteria and a chemoautotroph. (H2S or S0 to SO4-2)
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List some traits of the Beta proteobacterium, Neisseria.
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Aerobic, Gram- cocci, inhabits mucous membranes of mammals (N. gonorrhea)
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List some traits of the Beta proteobacterium, Zooglea.
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Important for aerobic sewage treatment
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List some traits of the Gamma proteobacterium, Pseudomonas.
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Plant and human pathogen; causes urinary tract infection and sepsis
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List some traits of the Gamma proteobacterium, Legionella.
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Human pathogen; common in streams and such habitats as warm-water supply lines in hospitals
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List some traits of the Gamma proteobacterium, Vibrio.
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Human pathogen (V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus); causes profuse and watery diarrhea; found in coastal waters, transmitted to humans by raw or undercooked shellfish
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List some traits of the Gamma proteobacteria, Enteric bacteria.
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Inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and other mammals; ex:Salmonella, Esherichia, Enterobacter, Shigella, Yersinia (Y. pestis = the plague), and Proteus (urinary tract infections)
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Name 3 Gram - photosynthesizing bacteria phyla.
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Cyanobacteria, Chlorobi (green sulfur bacteria), and Chloroflexi (green nonsulfur bacteria)
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List some traits of cyanobacteria.
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Blue green (cyan) pigmentation, Gram -, photoautotrophs, use light energy and CO2 to produce O2 (oxygenic)
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Name and describe the two phyla that Gram + bacteria are divided into.
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Firmicutes: have low G + C ratio in DNA
Actinobacteria: have high G + C ratio in DNA |
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Name 2 spore forming Firmicutes.
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Clostridium and Bacillus
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Name 4 human pathogenic Firmicutes.
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Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria, and Streptococcus
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Name a Firmicute that causes abortion and still birth in humans.
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Name the genus of Actinobacteria responsible for tuberculosis and leprosy.
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Mycobacteria
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Which Actinobacterium is responsible for diptheria?
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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Which genus of Actinobacteria can cause an infection in the face and neck?
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Actinomyces
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What trait do Archaea have that distiguishes them from other prokayotes?
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Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan.
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Where can Archaea be found?
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In extreme environmental conditions
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Name 3 extremophiles and give an example of each.
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Halophiles (salt loving) ex: halobacterium and halococcus; Thermophiles (heat loving) ex: sulfolobus; and Acidophiles (acid loving) ex: sulfolobus
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What is a strictly aerobic archaea that produces methane as its end product? (H2 + CO2 = CH4)
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Methanogen
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Give an example of a methanogen and explain its economic importance.
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Methanobacterium; used in sewage treatment
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