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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are aka ____
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Prion Diseases
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What is the etiologic agent of Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies?
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..controversial, thought to be prions.
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What is a prion
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Replicating protein without any know associated nucleic acids
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Can prion protiens be affected by
a.) X-rays B.) UV rays C.)10% formalin D.) Sodium hypochlorite E.)AOT F.)NOT |
D. Only sodium hypochlorite (Bleach)
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In the white matter of a pt's cerebrum protien is aggregating resembling fiber-like tangles. This is a sx of?
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A prion disease
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Tangles resembling the amyloid plaques associated with alzheimers is a sx associated with __
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Prion Diseases
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Dementia, memory loss, behavior abnormalities and motor ataxias are sx of ___
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Prion Diseases
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Death occurs within _______ following onset of SX of a prion disease
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months to a year
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Scrapie
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The first prion disease discovered, occurring in sheep.
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BSE- what does it stand for and it's aka term
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Bovine Spongioform Encephalopathy - aka "Mad Cow Disease"
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BSE occurs in which animal?
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Cow
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BSE was first discovered in ___ (where) in ____ (when)
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England, 1986
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How did cattle obtain BSE?
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Eating sheep brains & viscera
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In what year was it discovered that humans could aquire BSE from eating cattle affected by it?
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1996
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Kuru
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First prion disease discovered in humans
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Which group of people were the first to aquire Kuru?
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Remote tribe of aborigines in New Guinea
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How did the New Guineans acquire Kuru?
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By eating the brain of dead relatives
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CJD - what is it?
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Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease- a rare prion disease occurring in humans
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Atypical CJD was first aquired by
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Eating diseased beef in england
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In the 1970's, CJD was aquired by
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using cadaverous somatotopin (hST) in the U.S.
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GSS
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Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker-Syndrome - a rare prion disease occurring in humans
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CWD stands for
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Chronic Wasting Disease
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CWD is a disease affecting
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deer and elk, captive and free-range
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How can deer hunters prevent getting CWD?
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Wearing gloves when field dressing carcasses and not eat obviously ill animals
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What diagnostic tests are available to detect prion diseases?
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None- usually confirmed by sx and autopsy
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Dermatophytosis
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mycosis infections of the skin due to Parasitic fungi
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Tinea
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Ringworm, fungal
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Tinea barbae
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Ringworm of the beard, fungal
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Tinea capitis
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Ringworm of the head, fungal
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Tinea corporis
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Ringworm on smooth or bare parts of skin, fungal
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Tinea cruris
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Jock itch, ring worm of the crotch, fungal
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tinia pedis
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athlete's foot, ringworm of the foot, fungal
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tinia unguim
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ringworm in the nails, fungal
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Coccidioidomycosis is what type of fungal mycoses?
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Systemic mycoses
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Coccidioidomycosis is also known as
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Valley fever
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the etiologic agent causing Coccidioidomycosis is
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Coccidiodes immitis
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Where is Coccidioidomycosis most common?
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semi-arid regions like San Joaquin Valley, CA
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What are the symptoms of Coccidioidomycosis
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Mild URT
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How is Coccidioidomycosis treated?
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Usually self-limiting, if not: Amphotericin B
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MOT for Coccidioidomycosis
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spore inhalation
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Coccidioidomycosis can be fatal when spread to
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the liver, kidneys or meninges
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Cryptococcosis is what type of disease?
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Systemic mycoses
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The etiologic agent causing cryptococcosis
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast associated with _
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aged, dried bird feces, esp. pigeons
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MOT of cryptococcosis
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Spore inhalation
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SX of Cryptococcosis
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Mild lung infection,
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if cryprococcosis spreads from the lungs to the CNS it is then called
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Cryptococcus meningitis
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Opportunistic systemic mycoses
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Fungi which occur naturally in the body become pathogenic in the immune suppressed or in increased number
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Tx for cryptococcosis
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Anohotericin B or Fluoricystosine
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Histoplasmosis
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A systemic mycoses aka Cave Sickness
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EA for histoplasmosis
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Histoplasma capulatum
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MOT of histoplasmosis
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spore inhalation
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RES of histoplasmosis
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bird and bat guano
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What animal does not get sick from histoplasmosis?
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birds
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Why don't birds get sick with histoplasmosis?
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Birds have higher body temp
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Histoplasmosis is an endemic in
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Miss, Ohio, rio Grande valley
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What are the sn/sx of histoplasmosis?
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lung infection similar to TB, rarely spreads to bone marrow
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EA for candidiasis
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Candidia albicans
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What bacteria keeps Candidia albicans in check and how?
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Lactobacillus sp, lowers pH
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Candidia albicans is a...
obligate/facultative/aerobe/anaerobe |
strict anaerobe
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What is thrush?
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oral form of candidiasis
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How is thrush obtained
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in babies who's mother has vaginal infection
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Candidiasis in the nails is usually due to
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being submerged in water too much
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Candidia albicans can cause ___ in babies who aren't changed often enough
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Diaper rash
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Topical treatments for candidiasis
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Nystatin, myconazole, gentian violet
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TX of systemic candidiasis
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Amphotericin B
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EA of aspergillosis
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Aspergillus fumigatus
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MOT of aspergillosis
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spore inhalation
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Sx of aspergillosis
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allergic reaction causing asthma
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in cases of aspergillosis, aspergillomas in the bronchi or lungs can result in
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Bronchopneumonia
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TX of aspergillosis
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amphotericin B or fluorocytosine
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Aflatoxin poisoning EA
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Aspergillus flavus
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Aflatoxin poisoning's EA occurs in
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soil
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Aflatoxin poisoning MOT
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ingestion of foods with toxin
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Aflatoxin poisoning sx
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Cancer
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TX of aflatoxin poisoning
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none (prevent)
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Mushroom poisoning EA
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Amanita phallides .aka death cap mushroom
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Death cap mushrooms produce which two toxins
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Phalloidin and a-amatoxin
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In cases of mushroom poisoning, Phalloidin ___ resulting in _____
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lyses hepatocytes resulting in hepatic necrosis
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In cases of mushroom poisoning, a-amatoxin causes
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severe GIT distress
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Hallucinogenic poisoning EA
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Psilocybe
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Hallucinogenic poisoning is caused by an alkaloid in the mushroom called
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psilocybin
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Sacred mushrooms used in incan religious ceromonies cause
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hallucinogenic poisoning
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teonanacatl =
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flesh of the gods, what the incans called the hallucinogenic mushrooms
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peyote=
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hallucinogenic cactus
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Edible mushroom species
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Agaricus bisporus
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Agaricus bisporus aka
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common white button mushrooms
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mature agaricus bisporus aka
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portabella
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Lophorphora williamsii
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Peyote - hallucinogenic cactus
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