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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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with respect to oxygen requirements, the microbe responsible for stomach and duodenal ulcers (and gastric cancer) is what kind of organism?
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microaerophile (Helobacter pylori)
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which of the following is NOT true of Biosafety Levels of protection against biohazards?
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BSL 1 is for dangerous and exotics agents with high risk of aerosol transmission, severe to fatal disease, and no available vaccines or treatments AND BSL 4 is for well documented agents with minimal potential or environmental hazard
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which of the following is NOT true?
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penicillin G and Ampicillin are BETA-lactamase resistant
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what organisms are used in microbiological leaching processes for copper, uranium, and gold?
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ones that grow at pH 2, such as Thiobacillus and Acidithiobacillus
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with respect to the action of physical/chemical agents, which of the following is NOT true?
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all are true
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which of the following is NOT true of the Calvin Benson Cycle?
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all of the above are true
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which of the following would be the most effective for sterilizing plastic Petri plates and pipette tips, while still retaining the materials in a usable state?
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gamma radiation
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in a rapidly multiplying bacterial population, cell numbers increase...
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2 fold with each division
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which of the following media would you use to selectively isolate fungi?
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Sabouraud's dextrose agar
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fermentation...
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starts with pyruvate and uses organic molecules as the final electron acceptors AND produces different fermentation products which are typical of different types of organisms
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all of the following are routinely used to preserve food EXCEPT:
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formaldehyde
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to describe a type of photosynthesis as "oxygenic" implies that...
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oxygen is produced
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Modified Thayer Martin (MTM) is a supplemented chocolate agar made selective for pathogenic Neisseria (N. gonorrhoeae & N. meningitidis) by addition of...
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antibiotics
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a proton motive force (pmf)
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is used to synthesize ATP, drive flagella rotation, and transport some substances
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a urine sample with more than 100,000 organisms is considered indicative of infection. if a urine sample containing 2,000 bacteria with a generation time of 30 minutes, sits for 3 hours before finally being assayed, how many bacteria will then be present
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64,000 OR 128,000????? IDK
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glycolysis
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may occur under aerobic or anaerobic conditions
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enzymes speed up reactions by...
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lowering activation energy
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which of the following media would you use to selectively isolate Vibrio cholerae?
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TCBS agar
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for each glucose made in the dark reactions of photosynthesis the number of ATP:NADPH required is:
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18:12 (3 ATP & 2 NADPH)
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a microbe growing in a functioning refrigerator is probably a
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psychrotroph
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the organisms that obtain energy by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source are called...
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chemolithoautotrophs
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which of the following is the CORRECT decreasing order in resistance to heat and chemicals?
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prions -- endospores -- mycobacteria -- protozoan cysts -- fungi -- E. coli -- lipid viruses
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which is/are true of coenzymes?
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all of the above
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the TCA cycles produces...
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all of the above
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an ideal antimicrobial against agent X would meet all of the following criteria EXCEPT:
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broad spectrum killing many organisms including normal flora
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which of the following modes of action would NOT be fungicidal?
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inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
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which of the following items functions most like an autoclave?
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pressure cooker
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unlike a disinfectant, an antiseptic:
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is nontoxic enough to be used on human skin
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which of the following is NOT true of the major classes of enzymes?
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hydrolases catalyze polymerization of macromolecules (e.g. amino acids --> proteins) by removal of water
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enzyme activity may be affected by which of these environmental factors?
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temperature, pH, and concentration of the substrate
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which of the following is NOT true of the net ATP (ATP equivalent) yield/glucose?
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all of the above are true
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which of the following is NOT true concerning carbon flow in the different pathways of energy-yielding metabolism?
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carbon flow is from organic compounds to fermentation products in anaerobic respiration
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during anaerobic respiration ATPs are made by
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substrate level phosphorylation AND oxidative phosphorylation
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during aerobic respiration ATPs are made by
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substrate level phosphorylation AND oxidative phosphorylation
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in the aerobic metabolism of proteins by chemoheterotrophs (e.g. E. coli)
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all of the above are true
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which of the following is true of the process of autoclaving?
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121C, 15 min.
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during fermentations ATPs are made by
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substrate level phosphorylation
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which of the following is NOT true of noncyclic photophosphorylation?
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all of the above are true
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which of the following would be the most effective for sterilizing air in a hospital surgical suite during an operation?
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HEPA filtration
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the "roadblock" to continued oxidation of glucose in fermentations is bypassed through production of fermentation products for the purpose of...
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oxidation of NADH back to NAD+
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in aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is
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oxygen
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the generation of a PMF (proton motive force) for chemiosmotic production of ATP, which is NOT true?
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there is a negative charge gradient on the outside of the membrane
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beta oxidation involves...
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the cleaving of two-carbon units from fatty acid chains
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which of the following is the target of antibiotics, penicillins, and cephalosporins?
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cross-linking peptidoglycan
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which of the following would be the MOST likely and available choice for sterilizing heat labile liquids in different research and teaching labs at UTSA, while still retaining the materials in a usable state?
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membrane filtration
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which of the following is true of cyclic photophosphorylation?
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ATP is produced
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as one molecule of pyruvate goes through both parts of the Kreb's (citric acid) cycle, how many molecules of carbon dioxide are generated per pyruvate molecule?
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2 OR 1??? idk
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allosteric enzymes
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have an additional binding site other than the active site that is involved in regulating enzyme activity AND bind allosteric inhibitors (or activators) in the "other site"
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comparing aerobic respiration(AR) with photosynthesis (P) as carried out by a cyanobacterium, which of the following is NOT true
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AR reduces carbon, P oxidizes carbon
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which of the following is true of the process of hot air sterilization?
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180C for 2 hr
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in the growth curve of a bacterial population, the bacteria are most susceptible to antibiotics and other control agents in the
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exponential (log) phase
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with respect to siderophores which of the following is NOT true?
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they include hemolysins
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which of the following elements is critical for the electron transport process?
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iron
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the target of antifungal polyenes and imidazoles is...
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membrane synthesis or function
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which is true of competitive inhibition?
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substrate and inhibitor can both bind to the active site AND sulfonamides are competitive inhibitors of PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) AND alter the Km
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routine antimicrobial therapy for tuberculosis involves:
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two or four drugs for at least 6 months
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what is the general mode of action of vancomycin
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inhibition of cell wall synthesis
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what is NOT true of coliforms?
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includes fecal streptococci
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MRSAs (methicillin resistant S. aureus) are sensitive to
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vancomycin
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the enzymes that deal with toxic oxygen-containing molecules is/are...
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superoxide dismutase AND catalase
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which of the following is true of the process of pasteurization?
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63C, 30 min
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candle jars are usually used to
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provide atmosphere with increased CO2 for capnophiles
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in the electron transport system...
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NADH and FADH2 both donate electrons at the same location
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which of the following is most closely associated with a BETA-Lactam ring?
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penicillin
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under anaerobic conditions, which of the following molecules may be the terminal electron acceptor?
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nitrate
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if the free energy change in a system decreases (delta G' is negative)
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the reaction is exergonic and energy will be released
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which of the following is MISMATCHED concerning the growth requirements?
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photoautotroph::plants and fungi
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which of the following is NOT true concerning bacterial endospores?
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all of the above are true
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which of the following describes an organism that can't grow in an air atmosphere or in an anaerobic growth device, but does grow in the presence of 6% oxygen?
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microaerophile
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which of the following describes the oxygen requirement of E. coli (Salmonella and Shigella)?
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facultative anaerobe
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which of the following describes the oxygen requirement of Clostridium (and Bacteriodes)?
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obligate anaerobes
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which of the following targets would you expect to be the most selective with respect to toxicity?
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peptidoglycan synthesis
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which of the following is what is used to best kill microorganisms on laboratory surfaces?
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disinfectant
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consider solution A whose pH is 6 (acid) and solution B whose pH is 9 (basic).
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solution B is 1000 times more alkaline (basic) than solution A (solve by 10^3)
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which of the following is most likely to be bactericidal?
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ionizing radiation
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a minimal medium supports the growth of a wild type or ______ organism, but not the growth of a _____ of _____ organism
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prototroph: auxotroph; the same
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the name given to the reaction involving addition of electrons or hydrogen atoms to a compound is termed
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reduction
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which of the following is the target (mode of action) of aminoglycosides, macrolides, and tetracyclines?
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protein synthesis
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which of the following would be the most effective for sterilizing tubes containing non-labile liquid growth media for bacteriological studies, while still retaining the materials in a usable state?
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autoclaving
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which of the following is used to control microbial growth in foods?
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organic acids
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all of the following are modes of action of antiviral drugs in humans except:
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inhibition of synthesis at 70S ribosomes
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MSA, a selective medium for staphylococci is selective as a consequence of:
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high concentration of NaCl
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which of the following is generally NOT true of enzymes?
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all of the above are true
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antibiotics that inhibit translation may have some side effects:
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on the 70S ribosome in eukaryotic mitochondria
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enteric plating media (e.g., MacConkey and EMB agars) have which sugar and a pH indicator to distinguish coliforms from non coliforms?
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lactose
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tetracyclines and aminoglycosides are inhibitory through interaction with:
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30S subunit
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fluoroquinolones, like Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin, inhibit:
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DNA gyrase
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the primary mechanism of drug resistance due to drug-resistance plasmids is:
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enzymatic alteration (inactivation) of the drug
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zinc is an essential trace element for:
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RNA and DNA polymerase
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oxidative phosphorylation involves all of the following except:
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all of the above are true
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mycoplasmas are
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among the smallest of cells
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mycoplasmas can
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pass through bacterial filters that retain conventional bacteria
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mycoplasmas cause
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atypical pneumonia (M.pneumoniae) and non-gonococcal urethritis (Ureaplasma urealyticum)
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mycoplasmas have
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no cell wall
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mycoplasmas have
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sterols in plasma membrane
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mycoplasmas look like
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"fried egg colonies" on solid media
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mycobacteria cause
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tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and leprosy (M. leprae)
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mycobacteria are
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hard to stain, once stained resist decolorization by acid alochol
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mycobacteria
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often produce granulomas in infected tissues
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mycobacteria are
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acid fast
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mycobacteria have
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a high content of lipids/waxes in wall
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