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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Innate immunity
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imediate, can't get better. Mediated by leukocytes such as phogocytes or natural kill. No specificity and no remembering
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Adaptive
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ag- specific. Mediated by lymphocytes. Improve with exposure = faster and stronger... leading to immunological memory = long-lasting protection.
to get rid of antigen. |
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Fishy & immue system
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Well, the first adaptation and adaptive mechanism
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2 types lymphocytes
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B (antibody) &T (killing and regulation) cells
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Lymphocytes repertoire
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Is an indication of past exposure and there are a much bigger repertoire of memories cell and young one has less memory cell.
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Steps in an immune Response
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1. Injury/ entrance of pathogen/antigen
2. Inflammation 3. Regconition of pathogen ( source of Ags). First by innate cell and then Lymphocytes activation= proliferation + differentiation 4. Mounting of effector responses 5. Regulation of effector responses 6. Development of immunological memory |
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Naive
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immune cell that has never seen Ag
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Priming
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Exposure to Ag
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Primaary immune response
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first time the system encounter an Ag ( start with naive cell)
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Secondary immune response
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later exposure, responses with prime cell
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Jonny example of rising basil line and the time for it to response
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5-6 days for a first response.
3 days for a second time |
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7 -10 days to get rid of the cold
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but the only way to fight the flu as if the virus is teh same. We are having problem we can fight flue because they mutate so fast. HIV is very same
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First Innate Response (mins to h)
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imflammation, phagocytosis and destruction of pathogen
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Adaptive response (hours to days)
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May step
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Immunization
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The capacity to deliberately induce adaptive immune system
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Active immunization
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Natural infection of vaccination
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Passive immunization
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Natural: Mother to fetus transfer of antibodies, breast-fed
Induced: administration of antiserum |
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Passive immunization
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it is not permenant
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We do not know the life span of memory cell
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How long will it survive ?
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Booster
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Second vacination
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Well, frog and Tetanomorphum tetani. What do we do ?
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Give shots.
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Injury
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Loss , damage or overload of physical or chimcal bariers that are part of innate defenses on skin and mucosal surfaces.
Loss |
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Imflamation
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Innitiated by activation of phagocytes (macrophages)
Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognitions receptors PRRs Phagocytosis Activation of a protein cascade (complement that destroys pathogens and enhances phagocytosis Activation of tissue macrophages triggers Secretion of cytokines and chemokines Leading to vasodilation and cell recruitment ( neutrophils !) Causing redness/heat Activation of enothelial cells |
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Imflamation (II) (Infl)
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Infl provides the appropriate environment for the initiation of an adaptive response:
- Migration of Ag-loaded Dcs to regional lymphoid organ to activate T cell |
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Where the lymphocytes goes ?
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Well the lymph node where
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Lymphocytes activation
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in secondary regional lymphoid organ.
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Lymphocyte like deposit box
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requires 2 signals
1. Specific signal ( antigen-receptor binding and activation 2. Common or co-stimualtion to all |
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Clonal Selection model
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Lymphocytes expresses one specific antigen and only activated if they see the antigen
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Approriate vs. Inapproriate immunity
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Mycobacterium leprae
Th1 response Th2 response |
