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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hardware consists of components that do what?
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Input Data
Output " Process " Store " |
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examples of Input Hardware
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Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner
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Central Processing Unit (CPU) is known as
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the brain of the computer, and is part of the processing devices
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What are 4 types of Operating Systems?
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-Windows (Microsoft) Business Users/Servers
-Macintosh (Apple) Graphic Artists/ Art Community -Unix (Sun Microsystems) Scientists, Engineers -Linux (IBM) Servers, Scientists, Engineers |
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The 3 types of Application Software
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Horizontal Market- Word, Excel
Vertical Market- one industry (Dental appointments) One of a Kind- specific, unique. IRS |
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Three ways of getting application software?
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Off the shelf
Off the shelf w/ alterations Custom-developed Software |
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What is the difference between a Thick and Thin client?
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thin client- is an application that requires nothing more than a browser
thick client- requires program like Micro. Outlook |
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Database (definition)
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Collection of organized information so that a computer can quickly select desired pieces of data.
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Traditional Databases are organized by...
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Fields- single piece of info. (columns)
Records- one complete set of fields (rows) Table- collection of records |
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Database overview, formula for a database
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Tables or Files +
Relationships among Rows in Tables+ Metadata = Database |
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Metadata
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Describes structure of the database.
Data that describes data |
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Key
(Foreign) |
a column or group of columns that identifies unique row in a table
(keys of a different table than one in which they reside) |
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5 components of Database application?
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Forms
Reports Queries Applications Programs |
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A Database management system is...
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a program used to create, process, and administer a database.
e.g. (DB2 from IBM, Access & SQL from Microsoft) |
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Steps for development database process (5)
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-Interview Users
-Develop requirements -Create Data Model -Design Model -Design implemented |
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Data Model Components (3)
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Entity
Attribute Relationship |
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Entity
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type of person, place, thing which an organization must manage and for which data is stored... has lasting importance
e.g.- product, employee, order 1st of 3 data model components |
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Attribute
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single detailed characteristic captured for each instance of an entity
-has lasting importance e.g. Employee ID (identifying) Last Name (describing) |
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Relationship
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defines a direct business-based association between two entities
-lasting importance e.g. Employee---------Department |
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Attribute
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single detailed characteristic captured for each instance of an entity
-has lasting importance e.g. Employee ID (identifying) Last Name (describing) 2nd data model component |
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Relationship
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defines a direct business-based association between two entities
-lasting importance e.g. Employee---------Department 3rd data model component |
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Major Types of Networks (3)
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1. Local Area Network (LAN)
-comp connected to single physical site 2. WIde Area Network (WAN) -comp connected between 2 or more separate sites 3. The internet and internets -networks of networks |
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NIC
WNIC |
Network interface card. connects devices circuitry to the cable
Wireless NIC. usually in LANs |
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What does a Modem do?
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converts digital byte to analog signal
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Public Switched Data Network
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PSDN. network of computers and leased line that is developed and maintained by a vendor that leases time on the network to other organizations.
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When comparing networks, a company should consider...
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-Cost- of set up, operation, maintenance
-Performance- speed, availability.. -Other- growth potential, financial risk |
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Internet
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network of networks. LAN and WAN-owned by ISP
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What does Communications Protocol do?
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coordinates activities between 2 or more computers.
2 machines must agree and follow protocol to send messages |
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What are the two main types of Network Addresses?
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MAC and IP addresses
IP- public vs. private static vs. dynamic |
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VPN (virtual private network)
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uses Internet of private internet to create the appearance of private point-to-point connections. server and client connect through a virtual Tunnel.
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Three types of IS
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Calculation
Functional Integrated -cross-functional -process based |
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Five Types of Functional IS
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1. Marketing and Sales
2. Operations 3. Manufacturing 4. Human Resources 5. Accounting and Finance |
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Marketing and Sales, part of functional IS, does these four tasks
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Product management
Sales forecasting Lead Tracking Customer Managment |
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Operations, part of functional IS, does these four tasks
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Order entry
Order management Customer Service Inventory management |
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Manufacturing, part of functional IS, does these four tasks
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Inventory
Planning Scheduling Manufacturing Operations |
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Human resources, part of Functional IS, does these 5 tasks
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Payroll and Compensation
Recruiting Assessment Developing and Training Human Resources Planning |
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What are the 3 types of Cross-Functional Information Systems?
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Customer Relationship Management
(CRM) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) |
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) consists of
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Solicitation
Lead Tracking (presale) Relationship Management(postsale) CRM integrates all primary business activities. |
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
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Provides cross-functional process view of organization.
has centralized database hard to implement very expensive |
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Enterprise Application Integration
(EAI) |
integrates existing systems by providing layers of software that connect applications together
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B2B refers to e-commerce sales between:
A) Businesses B) Business and Consumers C) Businesses and Banks D) Businesses and Government |
A) Businesses
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supply chain
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network of organizations and facilities that transforms raw materials into products delivered to customers
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customers
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order from retailers, who
order from distributors, who order from manufacturers, who order from suppliers |
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What are the three key parts of a supply chain?
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supply, manufacturing, distribution
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supply
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focuses on the raw materials supplied to manufacturing, including how, when, and from what location
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manufacturing
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focuses on converting these raw materials into finished products
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distribution
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focuses on ensuring these products reach the consumers through an organized network of distributors, warehouses, and retailers
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supply chain performance drivers (4 things)
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facilities
inventory transportation information |
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What are 4 considerations of supply chain?
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bullwhip effect, privacy and security, profitability, disintermediation
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supply chain management
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Supply chain management (SCM) is the structuring and coordination of relationships and activities across firms to deliver value in an information- and technology-intensive global environment
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What is a difference between functional IS and cross-functional IS?
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functional database- each function has a separate database
cross-functional- has single database |
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Application Portfolio
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is a visual representation of the information systems that an organization uses and how those information system are linked together
-helps IT managers to consider benefits of applications vs. costs. |
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Operational vs. Managerial Data
ex. of difference in questions.. |
Op= When was the order shipped?
Mang= How many orders did we ship last month? Op= Do we have that product in stock right now? Mang= How much of that product have we sold over the last year? |
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Business intelligence (BI)
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a broad category of applications and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions
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Business intelligence (BI) applications include the activities of...
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decision support systems,
query reporting, online analytical processing(OLAP), statistical analysis, forecasting and data mining |
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What is the primary purpose of Extensible Markup Language (XML)?
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Its primary purpose is to help information systems share structured data and it is used both to encode documents and to serialize data.
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Extensible Markup Language
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A general-purpose specification for creating custom markup languages
Classified as an extensible language because it allows its users to define their own elements |
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B2G
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Receive Financial Aid Requests
Receive Grant Offers |
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B2C
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Accept Student Loan Offers
Request Student Loan Application |
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B2B
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Receive Lending Services
Offer Payment Distribution |
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Software Localization
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User Interface (e.g., labels, icons, sort orders, field size)
Documentation Training and Support |
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Database Localization
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Replication
Metadata Application Data |
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Major categories of Corss-Org IS (4)
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1. E-Commerce
2. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 3. Supply Chain Management (SCM) 4. Interorganizational Transaction Processing |
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Types of E-Commerce
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Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Business-to-Business (B2B) Business-to-Government (B2G) |
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E-commerce Considerations (4)
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Channel Conflict
Price Conflict Logistics Expense Customer Service Expense |
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What are 3 types Traditional Managerial Analysis?
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Batch processing
standard reports data re-entry into spreadsheets |
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What are some Problems with Operational Data?
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missing data
dirty data missing values too much data |
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Data Warehouse
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A database that consists of data extracted from operational databases and architected to enable business users to access business information in a timely and efficient manner.
*THE Backbone of BI solutions |
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Managerial Analysis with a Data Warehouse does what?
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-consistent view of data
-reduction of development effort -increased performance of transaction processing and design support |
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A data warehouse DIMENSION
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a category of data by which a user may need to sort, group, or aggregate data facts
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Reporting Managerial Information (4 things with data)
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filtering data
sorting data grouping data data calculations |
