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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
contusion definition |
bleeding in soft tissue |
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hematoma |
when the bleeding in the soft tissue collects |
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edema |
inflammatory fluid in the tissue that is outside the joint |
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effusion |
inflammatory fluid in the joint capsule |
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sprain |
damage to a ligament |
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strain |
damage to a tendon |
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subluxation |
a partial dislocation |
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GO OVER: the superficial skin abrasion, deep soft tissue contusion slide |
do it, she said it was very important (on the test) |
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capsulitis versus fibrosis |
same thing but for some reason capsulitits is when you are talking about the shoulder and everywhere else is fibrosis; both are scar tissue in the joint that becomes calcified |
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tenosynovitis |
infection of the tendon sheath |
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need to know whether what you're seeing is |
infectious arthritis or not (SHE MADE A BIG DEAL ABOUT THIS BUT I'M NOT SURE WHAT SHE'S TALKING ABOUT) |
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anabolic steroids, abx (quinolones), statins increase the risk of what |
ligament strain, tendon sprain, rupture of either |
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which ligament has the better ability to heal: the cruciate ligaments or the colateral ligaments? |
the colateral ligaments; the ligaments intrarticular ligaments don't heal easily (cruciates); MCL heals fastest then LCL then PCL then ACL; this is why we replace the ACL instead of tying it back together (it won't heal) |
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bursitis |
inflammation of periarticular sac; shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, achilles; due to overuse; MAKE SURE THAT IT IS NOT SEPTIC and instead is due to overuse |
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WHAT IS THE UNHAPPY TRIAD |
tearing the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus at the same time |
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sprain- THE MORE SEVERE IT IS THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS FOR THEM TO |
WEIGHT BEAR |
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HOW DO YOU MAKE A DIAGNOSIS |
inspection, palpation, active range of motion (ROM) compared to passive ROM, gait; do an x ray (MAKE SURE YOU DON'T ONLY LOOK AT THE BONE ON X RAY BUT ALSO THE SOFT TISSUE SHADOWS) |
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if you think that there is fluid somewhere make sure it's not |
SEPTIC; THAT MEANS ASPIRATE AND TEST; RULING OUT SEPTIC ARTHRITIS AND SEPTIC BURSITIS; make sure that you don't aspirate through infected skin or tissue however because then you'll just introduce infection into the joint which would be disastrous
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the terms buckle/torus, greenstick |
buckle/torus is a compression (too high of a load on the bone that squeezes it down) fracture that looks like a greek column; greenstick is an incomplete fracture (due to tension); these are fractures in CHILDREN |
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avulsion is more common in adults or kids? |
kids; this is a disconnect of a tendon or ligament from its attachment site |
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IF YOU PAY ATTENTION TO THE LAST 2 SLIDES (OF HER SECOND LECTURE ON 9/10) THEN YOU WILL GET HER QUESTIONS RIGHT |
so look at them |
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you CANNOT examine a limb through |
a splint or dressing |
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what should you check when you're thinking fracture? |
neurovascular status |
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get x-rays of what? |
the joint above and below the injury |
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make a habit of looking at what |
the radiographic images and not just the readings |
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describe bone fractures by |
the bone, location, and classification |
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provide appropriate emergent treatment and then what |
consult the ortho asap |
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actions before sending a pt with a fracture to an orthopaedist |
examine the injured area and associated structures, obtain appropriate XRs, gently realign the limb, wash out and dress open wounds (administrate appropriate antimicrobial abx), immobilize the fracture (splint), speak personally to the consultant in all emergent cases |
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what does edema look like? |
it's extra articular (not in the joint) |
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what does effusion look like? |
it's fluid in the joint; could be due to a degenerative condition like arthritis (rheumatoid, gouty) or it could be due to infection (septic) |
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what is bursitis? |
effusion; so could be due to arthritis or infection; this can often be due to piercing of the skin but it is also commonly seen in diabetics (they're skin is not as protective as it once was) |
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medial tibial stress syndrome |
aka MTSS aka shin splints; runners get this; osteoclastic bone resorption is exceding osteoblastic bone formation; can lead to stress fracture; this is due to increased pressure in the compartment (leads to compartment syndrome too) |
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myofascial pain syndrome/fibromyalgia |
ideopathic diffuse pain; hard to treat |
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RSD/CRPS |
chronic regional pain syndrome; autonomic system sends severe pain for no reason (very sensitive so just touching the affected arm (or whatever) causes the pain) |
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myositis osificans |
MO; hard hit to a muscle can cause calcium deposition |
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heterotopic osification |
ectopic ossification; happens after injury or surgery so need to give them PT and not just tie down the arm (or whatever) |
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morel-lavalee lesion |
sheering of the epidermis and the dermis so subq is sheered off; skin can then die because of lack of vessels (they are destroyed in sheering force) |
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avulsion |
tearing away of a ligament or tendon from the bone; this is way more likely in children (adults will have a rupture or tear of the lig/tendon instead) |
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adhesive capsulitits of the shoulder |
the shoulder is stuck; there was inflammation that caused it to stick |
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apophysitis |
inflammation of the insertion point of tendons (childhood condition) |
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pop eye deformity of the bicept |
often occurs due to eccentric contraction (contraction without shortening of the muscle) |
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positive thompson test |
when you squeeze their calf they should plantar flex; if not= achilles rupture (and positive thompson's test) |
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comminuted bone fracture |
a break of the bone into more than 2 fragments |
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angulation in a fracture |
the bone it not aligned perfectly aka there is an angle formed between the proximal and distal bone piece |
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physeal refers to |
the growth plate; or something that is common in children |