Mme2601 Ch1

A primary industry is one that cultivates and exploits natural resources, such as agriculture or mining.

A secondary industry takes the outputs of primary industries and converts them to consumer and capital goods. Examples of secondary industries are textiles and electronics.

A tertiary industry is in the service sector of the economy. Examples of tertiary industries are banking and education

Capital goods are those purchased by companies to produce goods or provide services. Examples of capital goods are aircraft and construction equipment.

Generally production quantity is inversely related to product variety. A factory that

produces a large variety of products will produce a smaller quantity of each. A company that produces a single product will produce a large quantity.

Manufacturing capability refers to the technical and physical limitations of a

manufacturing firm and each of its plants. Three categories of capability mentioned in the text are:

(1) technological processing capability

(2) physical size and weight

(3) production capacity.

The three basic categories of engineering materials are:

(1) metals

(2) ceramics

(3) polymers

A fourth category, composites, is a non-homogeneous mixture of the other types and

therefore is not a basic category.

A shaping process changes the geometry of the work material (machining or forging)

A surface processing operation does not alter the geometry, but instead alters surface of the work

(painting or plating).

The two subclasses of assembly processes are: (1) permanent joining. Examples of permanent joining include welding or adhesive bonding.

(2) mechanical fastening. Examples of

mechanical fastening include threaded fasteners, such as nuts and bolts, and rivets.

Batch production is where groups, lots, or batches or materials or parts are processed

together through the manufacturing

operations. All units in the batch are

processed at a given station before the group proceeds to the next station. In a medium or low quantity production situation, the same machines are used to produce many types of products. Whenever a machine switches from one product to another, a changeover occurs. The changeover requires the machine setup to be torn down and set up for the new product. Batch production allows the changeover time to be distributed across a larger number of parts and hence reduce the average operation time per part.

A process layout is one where the machinery in a plant is arranged based on the type of

process it performs. To produce a product it must visit the departments in the order of the

operations that must be performed. This often includes large travel distances within the plant. A process layout is often used when the product variety is large the operation sequences of products are dissimilar. A product layout is one where the machinery is arranged based on the general flow of the products that will be produced. Travel distance is reduced because products will generally

flow to the next machine in the sequence. A product layout works well when all products tend to follow the same sequence of

production.

A common organizational structure includes the following three manufacturing support

departments:

(1) manufacturing engineering

(2) production planning and control

(3) quality

control.