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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
phospholipid bilayer
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another more specific name for the plasma/cell membrane of eukaryotes, made up of two layers of phospholipids
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hydrophilic
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"water loving" attracted to water
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hydrophobic
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"water fearing" water repelling
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chromosome
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structures in the nucleus made of DNA and protein, a condensed form of chromatin
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chromatin
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the form of DNA when a cell is not dividing, tangled threadlike material
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fluid mosaic model
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states that the phospholipid bilayer behaves like a fluid more than a solid
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peripheral proteins
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proteins that lie on only one side of the membrane and are not embedded in it
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integral proteins
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specific proteins embedded within the lipid bilayer, can emerge from one or two sides of the membrane
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receptor protein
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recognizes and binds the substances outside the cell
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enzyme
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assists chemical reactions inside of the cell
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transport protein
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helps substances move across the cell membrane
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nucleoplasm
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a jelly like fluid that fills the inside of a nucleus, holds the contents of the nucleus
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nuclear envelope
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a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, made up of 2 phospholipid bilayers
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nuclear pores
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protein-lined holes that cover the surface of the nuclear envelope, provide passageways for RNA and other materials
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ribosomes
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small roughly spherical organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
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nucleolus
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site where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA
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mitochondria
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tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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endoplasmic reticulum
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ER, a system of membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae, functions as an intracellular highway
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golgi apparatus
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a system of flattened membranous sacs that label proteins to go to certain parts of the cell, the UPS of the cell
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lysosomes
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vesicles that bud from the golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes
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cytoskeleton
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a network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol
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microtubules
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hollow tubes made of protein called tubulin, radiate outward from central point called the centrosome, hold organelles in place, act as tracks to guide organelles and molecules
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microfilaments
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long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like strands of rope
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intermediate filaments
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rods that anchor the nucleus and some other organelles to the places in the cell
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cilia
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hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement, short and present in large numbers
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flagella
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hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement, long and appear in very small numbers
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centrioles
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consist of 2 short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope
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