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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
prejudice
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an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action
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stereotype
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a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people)
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discrimination
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unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
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ingroup
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"Us" -- people with whom we share a common identity
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outgroup
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"Them" -- those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup
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ingroup bias
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the tendency to favor our own group
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scapegoat theory
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the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
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other-race effect
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the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than the faces of other races. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias
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just-world phenomenon
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the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
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aggression
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any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
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frustration-aggression principle
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the principle that frustration -- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal -- creates anger, which can generate aggression
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mere exposure effect
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the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
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passionate love
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an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
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compassionate love
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the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
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equity
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a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
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self-disclosure
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revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
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altruism
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unselfish regard for the welfare of others
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bystander effect
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the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
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social exchange theory
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the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.
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reciprocity norm
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an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
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social-responsibility norm
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an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
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conflict
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a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
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social trap
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a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
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mirror-image perceptions
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mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive
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superordinate goals
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shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
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GRIT
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Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction -- a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
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