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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are Prokaryotic Cells? |
1.DNA is located in the nucleoid (region of cyto-plasm not enclosed by a membrane)
2. Organelles are few and simple 3. Cells are relatively small |
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What are Eukaryotic Cells?
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DNA is located in the nucleus
2. Organelles are many and complex 3. Cell are relatively large |
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Prokaryotic v. Eukaryotic Cells
What are common features? |
1.Chromosomes
2.Cytosol 3.Plasma membrane 4.Ribosomes |
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Prokaryotic v. Eukaryotic Cells
What about the Cell Size? |
1.Regardless of the size of organisms, cells are ap-proximately the same size
2.Cell size is limited by surface area to volume ratio |
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interior region of the cell between the nucleus and plasma membrane |
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boundary of the cell that functions as a selective barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes |
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1.Contains most of the genes in the cell |
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What is a |
a) Complexes line the pores in the envelope regulat-ing the exit of proteins, RNA’s, macromolecules |
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a) Maintains the shape of the
nucleus by mechanically supporting the envelope |
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a) Located in the nucleus, carry genetic information |
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a) Synthesizes RNA as well as ribosomal
subunits which assemble into ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
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1. Complexes composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins |
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suspended in cytosol; proteins produced here function within cytosol |
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attached to outside of the endo-plasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope; proteins pro-duced here function in other areas of the cell
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1. Extensive network of membranes (accounts for more than half the total membranes in a cell) |
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Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells
Endoplastic Reticulum What is smooth endoplastic reticulum? |
a)Outer surface lacks ribosomes
b)Drugs and alcohol increase proliferation, which increases rate of detoxification, which increases tolerances c)Lipid synthesis, especially steroids including sex hormones and adrenal gland hormones d)Detox of drugs (including alcohol) and poisons, especially in liver cells e)In muscles, stores Ca ions for muscle contractions |
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a)Outer surface is studded with ribosomes |
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membranous sacs in transit from one part of the cell to another, transporting mole-cules produced by the cell through the cytoplasm |
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1. Especially numerous in cells special-ized for secretions |
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1.Membranous sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules |
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a) Synthesizes RNA as well as ribosomal |
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1. Complexes composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins |
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suspended in cytosol; proteins produced here function within cytosol |
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attached to outside of the endo-plasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope; proteins pro-duced here function in other areas of the cell |
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1. Extensive network of membranes (accounts for more than half the total membranes in a cell) |
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a)Outer surface lacks ribosomes |
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a)Outer surface is studded with ribosomes |
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membranous sacs in transit from one part of the cell to another, transporting mole-cules produced by the cell through the cytoplasm |
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1. Especially numerous in cells special-ized for secretions |
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1.Membranous sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules |
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bound vesicles made by the ER and Golgi which perform a variety of functions in different cells |
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membranous sac formed by phago-cytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell
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membranous sac that assists in moving excess water out of some freshwater protists |
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in a mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage, and sequestration of toxic substances |
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1. Site of cellular respiration where ATP is |
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Site of photosynthesis where sunlight is converted into chemical energy (organic compounds) from carbon dioxide and water |
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membranous system in the
form of flat-tened, interconnected disks |
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fluid outside of thylakoids which contains DNA, ribosomes, and many different enzymes
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stack of thylakoids
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1.Both organelles have a double membrane |
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1.Specialized metabolic compartments surrounded by a single membrane; contain enzymes |
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1.Network of protein fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm |
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a)Maintains cell shape |
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a)Maintains and changes cell shape
b)Promotes muscle contraction and cytoplasmic streaming (animal and plant) c)Initiates cell division (cleavage furrow - animal) d)Promotes motility (pseudopodia - animal) |
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a)Maintains cell shape |
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structure present in cytoplasm of ani-mal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division (has two centrioles) |
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structure in centrosome of animal cell, composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets ar-ranged in a 9 + 0 pattern (occurs in pairs); respon-sible for spindle formation |
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short appendages specialized for locomotion or moving fluid past the animal cell; composed of a cylinder of microtubule doublets arranged in a 9 + 2 pattern; shorter and numerous |
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long appendage specialized for locomotion in the animal cell; composed of a cylinder of micro-tubule doublets arranged in a 9 + 2 pattern; longer and singular |
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globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically around each other; forming microfilaments in muscle (with myosin) and other kinds of cells |
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circular flow of cytoplasm involving interactions between actin and myosin filaments; speeds the distribution of materials with-in cells |
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cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding, involving interactions between actin and myosin filaments |
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protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants and fungi; poly-saccharides such as cellulose (plants) and chitin (fungi) are important structural components of cell walls |
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meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by the cells; regulates cell behavior
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open channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells allowing materials to pass between cells |
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prevent leakage of material through spaces between cells |
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function as rivets, fastening cells together
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consist of proteins surrounding a pore that allows the passage of materials between cells
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motor protein |
a protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell |
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endomembrane system |
the collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell , related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles; includes the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum , the golgi apparatus , lysosomes, and vacuoles |