Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
osteoporosis
-def? -prognosis? -types? |
increased porosity d/t decr in bone mass
-prognosis: pulm embolism, pneumonia -Types: 1. Age Related (Senile osteoporosis): -low turnover -osteoblasts from old ppl havce reduced biosynthetic potential 2. Postmenopausal Osteoporosis -high turnover -decr estrogen-->incr cytokines that attract osteoblasts |
|
|
Paget's dz
-def? -MC site? -stages? -pathology? -monostotic/polyostotic? |
-incr osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity with ABNL bone formation
-MC site: axial skeleton and prox femur -incr serum alk phos (d/t incr bone turnover) -Sx: bowing of femur end result: coarsely thickened trabeculae and cortices that are soft and porous-->FRACTURES! -Stages: 1. osteolytic 2. mixed osteolytic/osteoblast 3. osteoblastic 4. quiescent osteosclerotic Path: -adjacent marrow hypervascular -mosaic cement lines |
|
|
bowing of femur
|
Paget's dz
|
|
|
incr serum alk phos
|
Paget's dz
|
|
|
mosaic cement lines
|
Paget's dz
|
|
|
pathologic fracture
|
bones already altered by dz process
|
|
|
stress fracture
|
slowly developing incr fracture after incr exercise
|
|
|
bone healing
|
soft callus (procallus):
hematoma-->influx of inflam cells-->fibroblasts (make collagen)-->new capillary vessels-->activate osteoprogenitor cells-->osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity Bony callus: -subperiosteal formation of woven bone -trabeculae perpendicular to cortical axis |
|
|
trabeculae perpendicular to cortical axis
|
bony callus formation
|
|
|
what causes pseudoarthrosis
|
cystic degeneration of non-union callus with synovial-like lining
|
|
|
non-union callus
|
abnl bone healing
-callus composed of fibrous tissue adn cartilage (unstable) -cystic degen of non0union callus-->pseudoarthrosis |
|
|
avascular necrosis
-et? -types |
-bone necrosis secondary to ischemia
*MCC=corticosteroids -also sickle cell anemia Types: 1.medullary infarcts: involve cancellous bone (cortex not affected d/t collateral blood flow) *no pain, rarely becomes malignant 2. subcortical infarct: wedge-shaped, overlying cartilage is viable *chronic pain, -->>severe osteoarthritis 3. dead bone: "creeping substitution" (resorption of dead bone with new bone formation) |
|
|
medullary infarct
|
involve cancellous (AKA spongy AKA trabecular) bone (cortex not affected d/t collateral blood flow)
*no pain, rarely becomes malignant |
|
|
subcortical infarct
|
wedge-shaped, overlying cartilage is viable
*chronic pain, -->>severe osteoarthritis |
|
|
creeping substitution
-what is it? -in what condition do we see it? |
resorption of dead bone with new bone formation)
-seen in avascular necrosis |
|
|
pyogenic osteomyelitis:
-et? -location -path? -prognosis? |
-caused by:
*Staph Aureus (MC) *Salmonella in sickle cell dz=EXAM -spread hematogenously location: neonates: metaphysis+epiphysis children: metaphysis adults: epiphysis Path: dead bone (sequestrum) srurrouded by sleeve of reactive bone (involucrum) -Brodie's abscess=small intracortical abscess Path: acute inflam-->bone necrosis-->osteoclasts resorb bone-->ingrowth of fibrous tissue-->BM elements disappear-->reactive bone in periphery X-ray: lytic focus surrounded by sclerosis prognosis: get endocarditis or SCC |
|
|
characteristic X-ray: lytic focus surrounded by sclerosis
|
pyogenic osteomyelitis
|
|
|
endocarditis assoc w/
|
pyogenic osteomyelitis
|
|
|
SCC in sinus tract in long stnading draining sinuses assoc w/
|
pyogenic osteomyelitis
|
|
|
tuberculous osteomyelisis: site?
|
spine ("pott's dz")
|
|
|
Pott's dz
-what is it? -assoc with what dz? |
-involves the SPINE
-assoc w/tuberculous osteomyelitis |
|
|
MC joint dz?
|
osteoarthritis
|
|
|
progressive erosion of articular cartilage
|
osteoarthritis (vs. RA-erosion of BONE)
|
|
|
"eburnation"
-def? -assoc w/what dz? |
eburnation=no cartilage
-assoc w/OA |
|
|
"joint mice"
|
OA
|
|
|
subchondral cysts
|
OA
|
|
|
Herberden's nodes
|
OA
|
|
|
"rice bodies"
|
RA (Rice=RA)
|
|
|
pannus
|
RA
|
|
|
rheumatoid nodules look like
|
central fibrinoid necrosis, surrounded by histocytes+mononuclear cells
|
