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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A combination of notes that is considered stable and without tension is called a |
Consonance |
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A sequence is |
A melodic pattern repeated at different pitch levels |
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Definite and steady vibrations create a |
tone |
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The regular, recurrent pulsation in most music is called the |
beat |
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When a performer stresses a note that is placed between rather than directly on a beat, the result is called |
Syncopation |
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When music has two beats in each measure, we say it is in what meter? |
duple |
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Which of the following best defines music? |
Music is an art based on the organization of sounds in time. |
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Which of the following is not a dynamic indication? |
Presto |
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Which of the following shows tempo markings in the correct order of slowest to fastest? |
Largo, grave, lento, adagio, andante, moderato, allegretto, allegro, vivace, presto, prestissimo |
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Which of the following terms does not describe a fixed tempo? |
Fermata |
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Which term describes two pitches played together where the first pitch is produced by exactly double the vibrations of the second pitch? |
Octave |
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A group of flats or sharps shown at the beginning of each line of printed music is called a |
Key signature |
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A scale that includes all notes on both black and white keys played in order on the piano is called a |
Chromatic Scale |
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A small group of four singers is singing a hymn in four-part harmony. Each singer is always singing a different pitch but the rhythms for all four singers are the same. What is this texture called? |
Homophony |
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Choose the best explanations of ABB', ABA, AA'BB'. |
ABB' is a binary form. The B section is repeated but varied which explains the presence of the prime symbol. ABA is a ternary form. AA'BB' is a binary form where each section is repeated and varied |
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Define form. |
The organization of musical ideas in time. |
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If a man sings alone in the woods, he does make a sound but what type of texture would he create? |
Monophonic |
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The central note around which a specific musical composition is organized is called the |
Tonic |
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The shift from one key to another within a composition is called |
Modulation |
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When two adjacent white keys have no black key between them, the interval between the two pitches is a (n) |
Half step |
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Which notes are sharp in the D major scale? |
The D major scale requires a F-sharp as the third tone and a C-sharp as the seventh tone. |
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From high to low, what is the correct order of the voice types? |
Soprano, mezzo soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass |
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From highest to lowest pitch range, what is the order of the four most common orchestral brass instruments? |
Trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba |
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To which instrument family does the harpsichord belong? |
Keyboard |
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What effect does using a bow have on a stringed instrument? |
It allows the stinged instrument to sustain its sound and play smooth and connected melodies. |
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What limitation was characteristic of early synthesizers built in the 1960s? |
They could only produce one note (tone) at a time |
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What types of instruments are played by plucking, striking, or bowing? |
Stringed instruments |
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Which choir is a mixture of men and women? |
SATB |
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Which family of bowed string instruments is most often used today? |
Violin |
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Which of the following instruments uses a drone? |
Bagpipes |
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Which of the following keyboard instruments produces sound by striking strings with hammers? |
Piano |
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Which of the following statements is false? |
Aerophones are instruments that are plucked or struck. |
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Which of the following voices is a female voice type? |
Alto
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A toccata keyboard piece is characterized by |
Many scale passages, rapid runs and trills, and massive chords. |
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Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet's compositions are most closely associated with what instrument? |
Harpsichord |
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The standard plan of the initial section of a fugue is called |
An exposition. |
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What does "setting the registration" on a pipe organ accomplish? |
It determines which pipes will be used in various parts of the music. |
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What form of music did Bach not compose? |
Operas |
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What is the difference between a sonata da chiesa and a sonata da camera? |
The sonata da chiesa is intended to be played in church. The sonata da camera is intended to be played at home or in a palace. |
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When the second voice in the exposition of a fugue enters stating the subject, it is closely followed by the first voice stating a contrasting melody called |
A countersubject |
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Which of the following dances is least likely to be included in a Baroque suite? |
Waltz |
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Which of the following statements is not true? |
The organ and the piano were the chief keyboard instruments of the Baroque period. |
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Which of the following types of sonatas was not predominant toward the latter part of the Baroque period? |
Clarinet sonata. |
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Which of these statements is true? |
By the end of the Baroque era, instrumental music had gradually equaled or surpassed vocal music. |
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Concertos developed out of the interest in |
The contrasts between loud and soft. |
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Early Baroque orchestras were primarily made up of |
Bowed string instruments |
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What is a concertino? |
A small group of solo instruments that are contrasted with a full orchestra |
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What is a ripieno? |
A full orchestral ensemble. |
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What is the correct definition of the concerto grosso? |
A type of concerto in which a small group of solo instruments plays "against" a larger orchestra. |
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What is the most notable aspect of Vivaldi's four concertos, "Le Quattro Stagione"? |
Vivaldi was one of the first composers to try to depict through music the feelings and sounds of the changing seasons |
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Which concerto features a concertino of a violin, a flute, and a harpsichord, which all have quite different tone qualities? |
Brandenburg Concerto no. 5 |
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Which form used in a concerto movement includes short sections of orchestral music that are recurrent? |
Ritornello form. |
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Which of the following attributes of the harpsichord is not true? |
The dynamic level of the harpsichord can be changed by striking the keys with more or less force. |
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Which of the following composers created approximately 450 concertos and was criticized by a prominent critic as having composed "two concertos, 225 times each?" |
Vivaldi. |
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Which statement about Antonio Vivaldi is not true? |
He was an orphan. |
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Which statement below best describes the movements of a Baroque concerto? |
There are usually three movements (fast-slow-fast). |
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How many movements are there in a classical sonata? |
Either three or four. |
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How many symphonies did Mozart write? |
41 |
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In the development section of the sonata form, the tonal center changes frequently. What is this process called? |
Modulation. |
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In the exposition of the sonata form, what serves the function of modulating to a new key? |
Bridge |
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Music that is created without reference to a dramatic, philosophical, or visual program is called |
Absolute music. |
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The style of the classical era was a reaction to the instrumental polyphony of the late Baroque period, particularly the music of |
J.S. Bach. |
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What else does the conductor do for the orchestra in addition to setting the tempo? |
The conductor signals how loud or soft different sections of the orchestra should play in order to balance the overall sound. |
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What eventually replaced the minuet in the minuet and trio form? |
Scherzo. |
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What is the form of the first movement of a classical symphony? |
Sonata form. |
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Which of the following statements is not true? |
Haydn and Mozart wrote "classical" music but are also known for writing "transitional" music that contained elements of the Romantic period |
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Which of the following statements is not true? |
The "classical" style of music between 1750 and 1800 was essentially polyphonic rather than homophonic. |
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Which of the following statements is not true? |
The first movement of a classical sonata contains a minuet and trio. |
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Who is often called the "Father of the Symphony?" |
Franz Joseph Haydn |
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At the end of the Classical period and during the following Romantic period cadenzas were written out because |
Composers wanted more control over what was played by the soloist. |
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For which instrument did classical composers not write solo concertos? |
Saxophone |
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How would a concerto soloist let the conductor know that a cadenza was ending? |
The soloist would play a trill |
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Instead of repeating the exposition in the first movement of a classical solo concerto, the composer wrote the themes out two or more times so that both the soloist and the orchestra had an opportunity to play them. What is the term for this form? |
Double-exposition sonata form. |
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What follows the double exposition? |
Development |
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What happened to the concerto grosso in the classical era? |
It fell into disuse |
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When a solo concerto was performed for members of the growing middle class during the classical period, at most, how many listeners could attend? |
A few hundred |
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When do cadenzas usually occur in solo concertos? |
At the end of fast movements. |
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Which statement about classical cadenzas is not true? |
Classical soloists would avoid using thematic material from the movement they had just played. |
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Which statement about Johann Joachim Quantz is not true? |
He wrote about 200 flute concertos |
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A conductor is not used for chamber music because |
The instrumentalists can communicate among themselves. |
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Most chamber music is composed for how many instrumentalists? |
2-9 |
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The order in which themes appear in the most common rondo form is
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ABACA or ABACABA
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The standard instrumentation for the string quartet is |
Two violins, a viola, and a cello. |
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What happens during the last movement of Haydn's Symphony no. 45? |
Musicians snuff out their candles and leave the stage |
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What is one way chamber music instrumentalists communicate with each other during a performance? |
They nod their heads |
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What is the correct order of terms to describe works of music composed for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 instruments? |
Duet, trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, nonet |
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What was the name of the wealthy family that employed Haydn for 30 years? |
Esterhazy. |
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Which of the following statements about chamber music is not true? |
Most chamber music is intended to be performed without rehearsal. |
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Which statement is false? |
A piano quintet is written for violin, viola, cello, double bass, and piano. |
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Who was Haydn's composition and theory teacher? |
Haydn was largely self-taught. |
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Why do chamber musicians tune onstage, when they could do it backstage? |
The temperature of the stage may be different than the temperature backstage. That could affect instrument tuning. |
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Why is it important to indicate whether a note should be played with an up bow or a down bow? |
Because down bows tend to sound a bit heavier than up bows, which can affect the phrasing of the music. |
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Haydn wrote three oratorios. Which one is the most widely performed today? |
Creation |
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Operas are usually divided into two to four large sections called |
Acts. |
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What did Haydn realize after becoming familiar with Mozart's operas? |
That his own operas were inferior to Mozart's. |
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What musical device does Haydn use n the Benedictus of the Nelson Mass? |
Martial fanfares, which represent victory |
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Which two voice types are commonly given lead roles in operas? |
Soprano and tenor. |
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At one point in his life, Beethoven studied composition with |
Haydn |
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Beethoven's music was different from Mozart's and Haydn's music in a number of ways. Which of the following statements is not correct? |
Haydn and Mozart used the sonata form; Beethoven did not. |
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How did Beethoven's attitude about art influence how many compositions he wrote? |
Because he was very selective about accepting commissions. He only accepted those that personally appealed to him. |
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What are Beethoven's birth and death dates? |
1770 and 1827 |
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What did Beethoven do in his fifth symphony that had not been done by composers before him? |
He introduced the idea of uniting the four movements of the symphony by using a common theme in all four movements. This is called cyclic form. |
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Which of the following statements is not accurate about the third period in Beethoven's career? |
He learned to write more quickly, with fewer revisions. |
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Which of the following terms means "fast, with vigor and spirit"?
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Allegro con brio.
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Music that does not use repetitions but instead uses newly composed music throughout is called
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Through-composed
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The art song is
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A musical setting of a poem for solo voice and piano
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What became the standard term for art songs?
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Lieder.
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What is a song cycle?
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A series of art songs that tell a story or are otherwise related to one another.
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Which of the following compositions was not written by Schubert?
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New Journal of Music.
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Which of the following does not describe an aspect of the salon?
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Only family members performed at salons.
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Which statement about Franz Schubert is inaccurate?
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He became wealthy from publishing his many compositions.
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Who was the earliest composer of art songs?
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Franz Schubert.
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By what age had Chopin achieved eminence in both composition and performance?
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19 |
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Chopin wrote all of the following except
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Character pieces.
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How did the growing number of people learning to play musical instruments affect life in the Romantic period?
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The public was more interested in attending live concerts.
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Schumann's miniature character pieces can be described as
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Portraying a single mood, emotion, or idea.
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What type of piano music did Liszt not write?
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Children's music.
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Which composition did Schumann consider to be among his best work for piano?
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Fantasiestücke (Fantasy Pieces)
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Which of the following statements does not relate to Liszt?
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He was German.
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Why did Chopin perform almost exclusively in small settings?
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He did not enjoy playing for large audiences
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Why did the upright piano become popular beginning in the middle of the 19th century?
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Uprights took up less space in the parlors of middle-class homes.
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Bohemia is now part of what country?
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The Czech Republic.
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For what cycle of symphonic poems is Smetana best known?
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Má Vlast.
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What early Romantic composer wrote A Life for the Tsar?
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Mikhail Glinka
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Which composer is strongly associated with the Germanic style?
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J.S. Bach.
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Which Russian composer from "the Five" wrote the tone poem Schhrazade?
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Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
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Which Russian composer from "the Five" wrote Pictures at an Exhibition for solo piano?
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Modest Mussorgsky.
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Who most likes to imitate the music of the programmatic composers of the Romantic era?
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Modern movie composers
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Who was responsible for isolating Russia from the influence of Western Europe?
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Peter the Great
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All of the following apply to the Impressionist movement in music except
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Impressionist music introduced dance rhythms and music from nonwestern cultures
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Debussy was an outspoken critic of which composer?
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Wagner.
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How did Debussy move from one tone color to another in Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun?
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By beginning a melody with one instrument and continuing the melody with another.
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How does Ravel's music differ from Debussy's?
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Ravel had a classical orientation toward form and balance.
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What did Debussy and Ravel have in common?
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They shared an attraction to the rhythms of Spanish dance music.
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What programmatic orchestral piece by Debussy depicts, in a general way, a forest creature?
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Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.
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What was the name of the poetic style that experimented with rhythm, sound, and the clustering of images to suggest moods or emotions?
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Symbolism
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Which of the following characteristics is not typical of Impressionist music?
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Steady rhythmic pulse.
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Which of the following statements does not describe Impressionist painting?
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Impressionist painters sought to capture literary reality instead of visual interpretations of subjects
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Who created the work Impression: Sunrise?
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Claude Monet.
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At the French World Exhibition in 1889, what style introduced images, music, and dance from many nonwestern cultures?
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Primitivism
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How long did it take for audiences to appreciate the music of "The Rite of Spring"?
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One year after its debut, when it was performed without the dance
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Stravinsky socialized with the most distinguished musical and artistic figures in Europe. Which of the following persons did Stravinsky not know?
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Berlioz
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Stravinsky's "The Firebird" was commissioned for a Russian ballet company, but where did the ballet music premiere?
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The Paris Opera
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The texture and rhythms of Stravinsky's The Dumbarton Oaks Concertos were based on
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Bach's Brandenburg Concertos.
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What did the ballet "The Rite of Spring" depict?
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Ancient pagan Russian peasant rites.
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What term is used to describe art or music in the early 20th century that is based on objectivity, balanced formal structure, and emotional restraint?
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Neoclassical.
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Which statement is not true about "The Rite of Spring"?
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It has three large parts
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Why wasn't the premiere performance of "The Rite of Spring" ballet finished?
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Because a riot broke out.
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With which Russian composer and member of "the Five" did Stravinsky study?
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Rimsky-Korsakov
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