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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nuages
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Composer: Claude Debussy
Year: 1899 Instruments: Wordless Female Chorus Plot: The immutable aspect of the sky and the slow movement of clouds fading away Other: Part of the Nocturnes, inspired by impressionist painting by James Whistler Impressionism, Symbolism |
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Vers La Flamme
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Scriabin
1914 Piano Constant heat would cause the destruction of the world big build up and crescendos throughout the piece leading towards the flame |
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Embryons Desseches
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Satie
1913 Piano Example of Dadaism Involves dead fish embryos... |
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Pierrot Lunaire
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1912
Song Cycle Solo Voice, strings, woodwinds, and piano Uses Sprechstimme style From 21 Poems from Albert Giraud Rondeau form in 3 parts |
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Piano Suite, Op. 25
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Schoenberg
1921 Piano 12 tone Serialism! |
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What are the eight forms of a row in the Piano Suite, Op. 25?
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Two Versions of the Prime row
Two inversions of the row Four Retrogrades, one for each He creates a sense of staying in a single key. SPELLS BACH |
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Wozzeck
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Berg
1922 Opera, 3 acts Expressionism portrays the harsh life of a former soldier in the german army who struggles to make a living while others succeed based on george buchners play uses sprechstimme |
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Symphony, Op. 21
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Anton Webern
1928 Chamber Orchestra 12 tone intstruments get only one or two notes, extreme registers, arched form |
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The Rite of Spring
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Igor Stravinsky
1913 Ballet Scenes of Pagan Russia Vaslav Nijinsky Choreographer sacrag pagan ritual where elders watch a young girl dance to her death as a sacrifice to the god of Spring very controversial, riot broke out |
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Symphony of Psalms
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Igor Stravinsky
1930 choral symphony uses psalm text in choral parts |
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Mikrokosmos, no. 123
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Bela Bartok
Part of a collection of 153 pieces arranged by order of increasing technical and musical difficulty, staccato and legato |
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Music for strings, percussion, and celestra
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bela bartok
1937 4 movements, no key, changing time |
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General William Booth Enters Into Heaven
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Charles Ives
1912 after Vachel Lindsays poem |
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Symbolism
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Individual images carry the works structure or meaning, but sometimes the meanings are hidden or not in the music
Musical Example : Nuages |
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Impressionalism
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External impressions of items. The equivalent to Monets art
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Avant Garde
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-Art that seeks to overthrow accepted aesthetics and start fresh
1. Began in the years before ww1 2. it is not marked by a shared style, but a shared attitude- an unrelenting opposition to the status quo |
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Futurism
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1. Italian futurists rejected traditional musical instruments
2. Luigi Russolo argued that musical sounds had become stale so he divided noises into six families and helped make new instruments that became known as intuonarumori (noisemakers) 3. The movement anticipated other later developments, including electronic music |
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Modernism
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Young composers wanted a more radical break from the past, but cherished past traditions as well
1. They reassessed inherited conventions 2. They challenged perceptions and capacities of music 3. they did not aim to please listeners on the first hearing 4. They were critical of easily digested art and saw their own work as continuing the classical traditions Example: Schoenberg... really everyone except dada |
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12 tone method
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Pitches are related to each other , not to a tonic.
Basis of the compositions are rows or series 1. a row contains the 12 pitch classes arranged in an order. They can sound seperately or together 2. the composer states all of the pitches in the row before going to another 3. the original version if called the prime 4. It can also be used as an inversion, backwards, or backwards and inverted |
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Serialism
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In the 1950s, Schoenbergs 12 tone techniques were extended to things other than pitch
It was an order of ANYTHING These techniques were adapted by Stravinsky and are also evident in Schoenbergs piano suite |
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Dodecaphonic
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Uses all 12 tones equally
Schoenberg likes it! |
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Emancipation of Dissonance
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Schoenbergs concept of freeing dissonance from its need to resolve to a consonance.
Developed after Tristan took 2.5 hours to reach consanance! Schoenberg used 3 methods to create unity without tonality: Developing variation: looking backwards to Brahms to connect to old traditions Integration of harmony and melody Chromatic Saturation looking forward, uses all 12 pitch classes within segments of music example: piano suite |
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Sprechstimme
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Approximates the written pitches with gliding speech tones
example: Pierrot Lunaire |
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Row/Series
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A row contains the 12 pitch classes arranged in order
the pitches can be played seperately or together the composer uses all pitched in a row before going to another row |
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Prime
Retrograde Inversion |
Prime- the original form of the row
Inversion- the inverted form Retrograde- the backwards form of the row |
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Abyss of Freedom
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Abyss of Freedom (gaping hole of atonality)
• Need to resolve tonally is gone = complete freedom (Stravinsky talks about how frightening having no rules is) • Straus “stands on the cliff” of atonality Different composers deal with the abyss in different ways |
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Dadaism
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Stripping away everything normal and accepted
They put ordinary items in the museum Eric Satie- Embryo song Music is often modal Repetition is important He mocks program music and Wagner |
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Second Viennese School
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Schoenberg, Berg, Webern
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The Path to the new music
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Weber felt that evolution in art was neccessary and that history can only move forward, not revisit events or ideas of the past.
The path to the New Music was a series of lectures in which Webern argued that twelve-tone music was the inevitable result of music's evolution His beliefs gave him the confidence to continue composing despite much opposition; he saw himself as a researcher making new discoveries |
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Klangfarbenmelodie
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Weber's idea of tone color melody, in which changes of tone color are perceived as parallel to changing pitches in a melody
At times there is just one nore per instrument, creating tiny points of sound, which has been described as pointillism |
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Diaghilev
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Sergei Diaghilev commissioned Stravinsky to compose for the Ballet Russes
The famous trio, also including Nijinsky, created Rite of Spring, Firebird, and Pertrushka |
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Primitivism
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A deliberate representation of the crude and uncultured
An example is the Rite of Spring, in which the scenario, choreography, and music are all marked by primitivism The ballet, set in prehistoric Russia, doesn't tell a story, but shows a fertility ritual in which an adolescent girl is chosen for sacrifice and dances herself to death. Vaclav Nijinsky was the choreographer The audience broke into a riot at the premiere |
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Neoclassicism
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A broad movement that took place from the 1910s to the 1950s
Composers revived, imitated or evoked styles, genres, and forms of pre-Romantic music, particularly from the eighteenth century It rejected the high emotions of Romanticism Stravinsky used it as a new avenue for his own style. His music has an emotional detachment that can be seen as anti-romantic ex. Pulcinella |
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Neotonality
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Tonal centers are established through repetition and assertion, not through traditional harmony
Ex. Stravinsky uses repetition of E throughout the piece in different ways. He also juxtaposes E and G. |
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Principle of Non Repetition
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Don't repeat any of the 12 tone notes
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ethnomusicology
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Bartok collected thousands of folk songs and edited them into collections and wrote about folk music
he used audio recording in his field research he argued that peasant music better represented the nation than urban music |