Music History Exam 2

-Drama for the stage in which all actors sing their parts.

-Top position in the hierarchy of musical genres.

-Types: Opera seria, Opera buffa

-Monologue/dialogue in speech rhythm accompanied by harpsichord and cello.

-Used to move the plot forward.

Types: Recitative secco, recitative accompagnato.

-Continuous bass melody underlying chordal accompaniment.

A male singer who was castrated before his voice changed in puberty.

-Elaborate song, expression a feeling or point of view.

-Made out of brief, recognizable motives.

-"Dry recitative."

-Standard form of recitative.

-Moves the plot forward and prepared for arias.

-"Accompanied recitative."

-Includes orchestral accompaniment, typically strings and continuo.

-More rare.

-Used in moments of emotional intensity or conflicting sentiments.

-1567 to 1643

-Born in Cremona, Italy.

-Musical prodigy.

-Worked at the court of Vincenzo Gonzaga, duke of Mantua, until 1612.

-Composed Orfeo.

-Composition style spanned the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

-"Fable in music."

-Used to describe an opera.

-Dramatic work on a religious subject with stylistic similarities to opera.

-Performed in a theater.

-Came during the prohibition against operas during the the Lenten season.

-Less expensive to produce.

-Double/symbolic meaning.

-1685-1759.

-Born in Halle.

-German composer.

-Moved to Italy for three years, absorbed the Italian style.

-Moved to London.

-Produced Italian language opera at the Royal Academy of Music.

-Composed "Messiah."

-"German who wrote Italian opera in England."

-Serious or tragic opera.

-Italian-language Opera.

-Based on historical or mythological figures.

-Structure: Alternation of recitatives and aria.

-A pastoral dance.

-Short musical figure repeated several times at progressively higher or lower pitch levels.

-Orchestral introduction, closing, and interludes between vocal phrases.

-Establishes mood, tempo, and musical ideas of the aria.

-Polyphonic piece in which a single theme is introduced in one voice, is imitated in other voices, and then reoccurs throughout the piece.

-Principle theme or melody.

-Section in which the subject is not stated.

-1750-1825

-"Enlightenment Music" or "music in the Age of Reason."

-Instrumental music become as significant as vocal music.

-Composers active in Vienna.

-Brought rise to conventions of modern concert life.

-Music of poetry.

-Disappearance of basso continuo.

-Melody organized in paired phrases.

-Age of the symphony.

-1685-1750

-Now considered one of the greatest composers in history, but wasn't well know during his lifetime.

-German composer, teacher, performer, and master of counterpoint.

-Born into a family of musicians.

-Spent his lifetime in a small part of Germany.

-Virtuoso harpsichordist and organist.

-Local music director at Leipzig's.

-A collection of preludes and fugues in all of the major and minor keys.

-The collection can be played on harpsichord, clavichord, or fortepiano.

-Three-movement work exploiting contrast between orchestra and one or more solo instruments.

-1756-1791

-Born in Salzburg.

-Trained by his father, a violinist.

-Toured Europe with father and sister.

-Employed as a court musician in Salzburg.

-Moved to Vienna.

-1749-1838

-Italian priest, libertine, and poet at the court of Joseph II.

-Created three operas with Mozart.

-Spent the last three decades of his life in America.

-"Playful drama."

-Mixes comic and serious elements.

-Serious characters: Members of the nobility.

-Comic characters: Peasants and servants.

-Comic opera.

-Included servants as well as nobles.

-The text of an opera.

-Exposition.

-Development.

-Recapitulation.

-Coda.

-"Tail."

-Social occasions where Franz Schubert entertained his friends with music.

-Informal social event, small scale, intimate, private.

-Music played by a small ensemble for a small audience.

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-1797-1828.

-Born and lived in Vienna.

-Sang and played piano and violin.

-Studied composition with Antonio Salieri.

-Worked at his fathers school but decided he didn't want to be a teacher.

-Contracted disease (likely syphilis).

-Died in 1828.

-German art song.

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-1770-1827

-Bridge between Classical and Romantic music.

-Born in Bonn and moved to Vienna.

-Virtuoso pianist, conductor, composer.

-Became deaf.

-Isolated his final decade by deafness.

-One of the first composers to make a living as an independent professional.

-Interested in the ideas of freedom and equality.

-Supported Napoleon Bonaparte.

-Common genre in the late eighteenth, early nineteenth century.

-Composition for orchestra.

-Movements: 1st movement (longest), slow movement, minuet and trio, and lively finale.