Music History Final

Way of making money by putting together a concert for One's own benefit

1802

Beethoven write two letter two his brothers about his losing his hearing and not being able to hear his music.

He was suicidal so was sent here.

Movement in a symphony or sonata that is light and playful

Giant Orchestra

Fuller sounding

Long duration

Many technical demands

Tonal Drama

Dynamic purpose uniting the movements

Elevation of Poetry

Began October 14, 1814 - Gretchen am Spinrade

Freer forms

Lyrical verse full of expression

Innovations if the Piano:

More Dynamic

Piano became a voice with Schubert

Rise of the Middle Class

Same musical material repeated with different verses

The music lines are expanded from the original theme

Text and Melody continue and do not repeat earlier structures

Collection of Art songs by a composer

German Poet, beloved by German art song composers

Schumann's newspaper that both promoted and critiqued new music.

Florestan and Eusibius were the two different alter egos he wrote under.

Wrote the poetry used in Dichterliebe

Has a lot of Romantic Irony

Technique in musical composition where multiple sections or movements have a theme, Melody, or thematic material that reoccurs as a unifying device

Masters of their instruments that were the 'Rock Stars' of the Romantic period and gave concerts. Performers began to be more famous than the composers

Informal concerts in the homes of nobility

Night songs

Invented by John Field in 1806

A Character Piece

Suggests night and is usually quiet and meditative in character

Cantilena style

ABA form

Tempo Rubato

Lyricism

Pieces that evoke a particular mode or idea

Beautiful singing

Opera style and Singing Style

Number Opera

Flashy singing with great Virtuosity

Suitcase Arias

Minimal Accompaniment

Moment in comic opera of greatest plot confusion, prior to the unwinding and resolutions

Framework for Arias to function

Section 1: Cantabile - Lyric Section

Section 2: Tempo do mezzo- helps to change the mood

Section 3: Cabaletta - firework finale

The principles opening aria

Italian nationalistic movement in the late Romantic

Lyricist of Othello by Verdi

Wagnerian Essay of 1850

Art rises from nature and artifice and convention have no place in it

Opera and Drama

Art ought to express the essence of the people

Must unite Guesture, Speech and Music

Musical work that makes use of all forms of art. Coined by Wagner

Opera house in Bayreuth that was built for Wagner

Musical motif that is used to introduce characters into scenes and is repeated each time the character or object re-enters

King of Bavaria during the time of Wagner

Order of the Swan Knights: 'obviously' Lohengrin was about him

1876 creates the first Wagnerian festival in Bayreuth

1890s-1910

Reaction to what was happing in Germany

Derived from a critical review of Monets' Impression: Sunrise (1872)

Art movement before music

Artist attempt to be vague

Atmosphere, color, light

Traditional percussion ensemble

Made up of many different foreign scales

Use of planning and New Scales, Melodies are a consequence of harmonies

Chord that is moved up or down the scale without changing shape or key

Five notes per octave

All notes are a whole step apart

The expression of ugliness

1890-1910

German Movement

Shows the deliberately unpleasant aspects of society

Freud: repressed psychology

Ego: who you are at the conscious level

Schoenberg's Second Period:

No sense of tonic

All pitches are equal

Pierrot Lunaire

Expressionistic Group:

Schoenberg

Webern

Berg

Expressionistic Song

Sad Clown

From Pierrot Lunaire

Exact rhythms

Giant dark black butterflies

Sprechstimme

Speak Singing

Unconventional or non-traditional methods of singing or playing instruments to obtain unusual sounds or timbres

Use of 12 non harmonic tones to create music

12 tone music

Final period of Schoenberg

1921-

Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians

Western Style was Decadent: products of the pretentious middle class society

Reminiscent of Classical period

Theresienstadt

Concentration camp where most musicians and children were taken

Transferred from here to Auschwitz

Better living conditions then most

Children's opera by Hand Krasa

Written in 1938, performed 1942

Evil organ grinder that looked like Hilter and the town people scare him away

Used to fool the Red Cross

Second Style Period of Stravinsky 1920-1964

Looking back to the 18th century with 20th century ears and instrumentation

Rakes Progress

Symphony in C

Aspect of Total Serialism by Webern

Tone color Melody

Melody is not only in one instrument but across all instruments through the piece

Webern idea that the pitches of a Melody are presented just a few at a time as isolated points of sound

French Ballet company whose Impresario was Diaghilev

Performed the Rite of Spring

Choreographer for the Rite of Spring

Two or more rhythms playing at the same time

Chance Operations

Idea by Cage where music is preformed, composed or both to some degree of spontaneous decisions

Aleatoric Music

Performer has free will to adjust the composition to their desire

Insertion of objects into the piano to create new sounds in music

Continuation of Total Serialism

Electronic music made possible by the tape recorder: would use naturally occurring sounds in the environment and then cut and paste it together

1960s Movement

Consonant Harmony

Steady Pulse

Reiteration of musical phrases

Art out in the world and nature

Non-western influence

Influences devoid of modernization

Art of the "Noble Savage"