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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gregorian Chant
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Melodies used in the Roman Catholic Church
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Monophonic
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A single melodic line
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The opposite of monophonic (moniphony) is_____
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Polyphonic (polyphony)
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Liturigical music
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Church music performed during worship or a religious rite
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Strophic
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Song structure where every verse of the text is sung to the same musical tune; same as song verses
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Syllabic
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1 SYLLABLE to 1 NOTE
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Neumatic
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Patterns of one to four notes per syllable of text
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Melismatic
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Unlimited notes per syllable of text
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Second Vatican Council
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1962-1965; the Vatican announced that not only Gregorian Chants had to be used in church, other music would also work
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Recitational
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Speech like singing
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Jubilus
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a long melisma placed on the final syllable of the Alleluia. The singer sings "alleluia" without the jubilus, and then the choir repeats the word "alleluia" with the melisma added
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Trope
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Additions of new music to pre-existing chants. Three types of additions:
1. new melismas/music without text 2. addition of a new text to a pre-existing melisma/music 3. new verse or verses, consisting of both new text and new music |
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Church modes
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Ionian
Dorian Phrygian Lydian Mixolydian Aeolean Locrian |
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Responsorial
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A chant or anthem recited or sung AFTER A READING in a church service.
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Organum
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The EARLIEST genre of medieval POLYPHONY; a chant with at least ONE VOICE ADDED to ENHANCE THE HARMONY.
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Notes Dame School
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Paris 1170-1200; the place where first motets were composed; a group of Parisian composers developing new compositional techniques
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Léonin
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1st known composer of POLYPHONIC ORGANUM; wrote polyphonic motets with DIFFERENT TEXT IN EACH VOICE, RHYTHMIC MODES; member of the NOTRE DAME SCHOOL
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Pérotin
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Composed POLYPHONIC ORGANUM (and STARTED 3 & 4 VOICE POLYPHONY); wrote polyphonic motets with different text in each voice, rhythmic modes; member of the Notre Dame School
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Perfect meter
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TRIPLE METER (top number divisible by 3); 9/8 was the most perfect; the number three has always been significant number in Christianity
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Cantus firmus
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ADDING POLYPHONY to a PREEXISTANT melody/chant
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Perfect intervals (perfect harmony)
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P1, P4, P5, P8; all other intervals were considered dissonant
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Ars Nova
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Book written by DE VITRY; a stylistic period in music of the 14th CENTURY in France (or all European polyphonic music of the 14th century);it means "NEW ART" or "NEW TECHNIQUE"
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Isorhythm
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A repeating patterns of rhythms and pitches, but the patterns overlap rather than correspond—for example a line of thirty consecutive notes might contain five repetitions of a six-note melody, and six repetitions of a five-note rhythm
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Machaut
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Wrote the NOTRE DAME MASS the 1ST ORDINARY OF THE MASS; most famous ARS NOVA composer; he developed the MOTET and the SECULAR SONG
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de Vitry
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Wrote ARS NOVA; wrote CHANSONS and MOTETS; developed the ISORHYTHM
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Talea
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Freely INVERTED RHYTHMIC PATTERN
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Hocket
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2 VOICES: 1 SINGS WHILE THE OTHER RESTS
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Motet 12th century
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PLAINCHANT and CANTUS FIRMUS (the religious chant melody in long notes); LATIN text; SACRED subjects
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Motet 14th century
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ISORHYTHM used; usually FRENCH text; SACRED and SECULAR subjects
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Motet 16th century
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POLYCHORAL motets (2 or more choirs of singers or instruments alternated); DA CAPO form; instrumental doubling; BASSO CONTINUO accompaniment; sometimes called the "Venetian motet"
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Renaissance
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1450-1600
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Chanson
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French secular vocal music
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Humanists
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Florence Camerata; a group of intellectuals
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Florence Camerata
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A group of intellectuals; study academy; wrote the 1ST EXPERIMENTAL OPERA "DAPHNE"; loved reading and studying GREEK DRAMA
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Word painting
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Musical illustration of the meaning of a word or phrase; the words decide what the music should do
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Madrigal
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DANCE; the main SECULAR VOICE OF THE RENAISSANCE
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Points of imitation
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Main texture of Baroque; IMITATIVE POLYPHONY
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A cappella
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Vocal music without accompaniment
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Paraphrase mass
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is a musical setting of the ORDINARY of the MASS with an elaborated version of a CANTUS FIRMUS as its base
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Canon
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Like singing in a "ROUND"; the same music at STAGGERED ENTRANCES
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Council of Trent
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1543-1563
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Pavane
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A SLOW processional dance; DUPLE METER
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Galliard
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A Renaissance court dance in TRIPLE METER
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Ground bass or basso ostinato
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Short musical phrase played REPTEDLY; "DIDO'S LAMENT"
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BAROQUE PERIOD
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1600 (creation of opera)-1750 (death of JS Bach)
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Baroque music begins to become TONAL
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Using M and m; there's a tonic (tonal center)
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"Concerti"--1587 volume by A and G Gabrieli
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ORAGNISTS at the ST. MARK'S BASILICA; placed chorus singers and instrumentalists in DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE CHURCH for GOOD ACCOUSTICS;
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G Gabrieli
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Wrote "O MAGNUM MYSTERIUM"; COMPOSER IN VENICE
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Antiphonal
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PLAINCHANT; SIMPLE MELODIC STYLE; FEW MELISMAS
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Cori spezatti
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Means "SPLIT CHOIRS"; groups of singers placed in DIFFERENT LOCATIONS of a building; created by A & G GABRIELLI
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Idiomatic writing
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Writing for specific instrunments
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Basso continuo
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set of CHORDS CONTINUOUSLY playing under a melody; harpsichord/cello/organ playing the continuo
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Recitative
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Sung imitation of speech
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Recitative secco
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"Dry" recitative, only harpsichord/(piano) accompaniment
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Accompanied recitative
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Orchestra accompanied the recitative
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Arioso
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A piece for solo voice in a style between recitative and aria
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Aria
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A vocal piece for solo singer
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"Orfeo"
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1607; the 1st successful opera; by Monteverdi
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In 1637 the 1st ________
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public opera theater opened in Venice
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Libretto
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Words to vocal music; composer's started to use word painting; Monteverdi said "text is mistress to the music"
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Costrato
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A promising young male singer who was castrated to continue to sing soprano; Ferinelli
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Stradiverius
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In 1684, Amati died and Stradivari changed his violin design to have an orange tint with a more powerful form
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Amati
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Earliest maker of violins whose instruments still survive today
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Virtuoso
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INSTRUMENTALISTS SHOWING OFF; most was IMPROVISED by the player
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Trio sonata (da chiesa and da camera)
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BAROQUE SONATA for 3 INSTRUNMENTS plus a CONTINUO (a chord instrunment)
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Suite
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A piece consisting of a series of DANCES
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Balletto
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aabb; DUPLE METER; A formalized type of PERFORMANCE DANCE or CONCERT DANCE FORM
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Corrente
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aabb; TRIPLE METER;It means RUNNING; a DANCE FAST RUNNING and JUMPING STEPS
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Rhythmically, Baroque starts using
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A strong DOWNBEAT; use of BAR LINES/MEASURES
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Figured bass or basso continuo
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Numbers under the staff; used for Baroque improvisation; played with at least 2 instrunments: 1 plays bass notes and the other improvises chords from reading the figured bass
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Baroque marks the creation of______
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Opera
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Before opera there were ______ and _________
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1. intermedios (a variety show)
2. liturgical drama (Gregorian Chant "scenes) |
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Greek choruses could not use _________
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IMITATIVE POLYPHONY (or the words would be overlapping and not understandable)
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"Daphne" was the 1st opera but it's not considered the 1st opera because...
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it only used recitative (and was boring)
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Monteverdi started in _________ and composed into the__________
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1. Renaissance
2. Baroque |
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Monteverdi broke "harmonic rules" because he said,
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"The text is mistress of music" (he used word painting)
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Purcell
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From England; wrote "Dido and Aeneas" (performed at an all girl's school)
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"Dido's Lament" from "Dido and Aeneas" used _______ or _______
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bass ostinato
or ground bass |
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Bass ostinato/ground bass
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Pattern in the bass line that repeats
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Name 7 dances:
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Pavane
Galliard Corrente Cabzona Suite Madrigal Balletto |