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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blastomycosis
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Mississippi river basin, Great Lakes, Southeast
In the Feces of birds and batrs -- caused by a dimorphic fungus, Blastomyces dermatitidis symptomatic in less than 50% of people. Acute lobar consolidation (like bacterial), chronic infiltrates may look like carcinoma. Outside of the lungs, skin and bones most affected. Also prostate, liver spleen, kidney, and CNS diagnosed by KOH of sputum -> yeast cells, single broad based buds treat with Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, voriconazole |
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Paracoccidioidomycosis
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South America, Mexico and central America (Brazil most reported)
Etiological Agent - Dimorphic fungus -- P braziliensis granulomatous disease of mucous membranse, skin, and pulmonary system. Can cause teeth to fall out. White plaques in the mucosa (differentiate from TB) Diagnose yeast in sputum, lavage fluid, biopsy, lymph nodes, and CSF, Yeast are round, double walls, single or multiple buds. "pilits wheel" morphology treat with Itraconazole. severe infection my require amphotercerin B first, followed by Itraconazole |
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Histoplasmosis
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H. Capsulatum -Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
Mexico and Central and South America H. duboisii - Africa Bird and Bat dropping H. Capsulatum - dimorphic fungus Acute pulmonary disease w. flu like symptoms, may progress to chronic phase which mimics TB diagnose with direct micvroscopy, blood culture, BM. serology/antigen detection in blood and urine treat with amphitercerin B |
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Coccidioidomycosis
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Western hemisphere, Sonoran desert, SW USA. Some in Mexico and Central and South America
dimorphic fungus, coccidiodes immitis Can cause pulmonary disease, or a flu like illness. Patients can have allergic reactions due to complex formation. Can see rash. diagnose with microscopy (not culture) Treat with amphoterecin B followed by an azole |
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Cryptococcosis
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systemic mycosis, encapsulated yeast. Worldwide distribution.
Pigeon droppings C. Neoformans pathogenic for immune competent people, but is most often an opportunistic pathogen It causes meningitis, infects people with AIDS Diagnose with Microscopy of CSF, also can culture positive for phenoloxidase activity treatment: 2 weeks of amphotericin B and flucytosine, then 8 weeks of azole. AIDS patients might be on lifetime azole therapy |
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Aspergillius
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ubiquitous
cause allergic bronchopulmonary asperigillosis, more common in CF patients Asperillogosis can cause granuloma o form in people with preexisting lung cavities can also cause a disseminated disease Diagnosis by culture and examination of tissue - long hyphae treat with Amphotericin B or 5-flucytosine if invasive |
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pneumocystis jivoreci
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opportunistic
pneumocustis carini pneumonia - common in AIDS patients, diffuse interstitial pneumonia diagnose: Gomori's methenamine silver stain - rounded cup organism treat with TMSM or pentamidine isothionate |
