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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
16
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.
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crust
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the outer layer; it is made of rock
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mantle
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the layer of rock beneath Earth's crust
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core
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center layer of Earth
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plates
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rigid blocks of crust and upper mantle rock
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magma
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molten rock from Earth's mantle
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volcano
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mountain formed by lava and ash
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earthquakes
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shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy in Earth's crust
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faults
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places where pieces of the crust move
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17
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.
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continental drift
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the theory of how Earth's continents move over its surface
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pangea
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supercontinent containing all of Earth's land that existed 255 million years ago
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fossils
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remains or traces of past life found in some rocks
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18
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.
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mineral
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a natural, solid material with particles arranged in a repeating pattern
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streak
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the color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral
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luster
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the way the surface of a mineral reflects light
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hardness
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a mineral's ability to resist being scratched
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19
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.
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rock
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material made of one are more minerals
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igneous
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rocks that form when melted rock hardens
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sedimentary rock
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a type of rock formed by layers of sediments that were squeezed and stuck together
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metamorphic rock
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rocks that can change the form of the minerals that make up the rock
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rock cycle
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the slow, never-ending process of rock changes
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20
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.
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atmosphere
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layer of air that surround Earth
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air pressure
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weight of air
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humidity
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a measure of the amount of water in the air
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precipitation
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any form of water that falls from clouds, such as rain or snow
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evaporation
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process of liquid water changing to water vapor
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condensation
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process by which a gas changes back into a liquid
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21
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.
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local winds
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the winds dependent upon local changes in temperature
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prevailing winds
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global winds that blow constantly from the same direction
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air mass
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a large body that has nearly the same temperature and humidity throughout
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front
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boundary between air mass
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22
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.
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climate
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the average of all weather conditions through all seasons over a period of time
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microclimate
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the climate of a very small area
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El Nino
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a short term climate change that occurs every two to ten years
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green house effect
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process by which the Earth's atmosphere absorbs heat
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global warming
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the hypothesized rise in Earth's average temperature from excess carbon dioxide
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23
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.
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salinity
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saltiness of the ocean
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water pressure
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the weight of water pressing on an object
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wave
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the up and down movement of water
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current
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a stream of water that flows like a river through the ocean
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tide
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repeated rise and fall in the level of the ocean
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shore
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the area where the ocean and land meet and interact
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headland
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a hard rocky point of land left when softer rock is washed away
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tide pool
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a pool of sea water found along a rocky shoreline
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jetty
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a wall-like structure made of rocks
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scuba
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underwater breathing equipment
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submersibles
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underwater vehicle
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sonar
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a device that uses sound waves
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desalination
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the process by which many materials move in and out of cells
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24
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.
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solstice
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point in Earth's orbit at which the hours of daylight are at their fewest or greatest
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equinox
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point in Earth's orbit at hours of daylight or darkness
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planets
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large round bodies that revolve around a star
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asteroids
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chunks of rock that have been described as looking like giant potatoes
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comets
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balls of ice and rock, circle the sun from two regions
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telescope
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an instrument that magnifies or make larger distant objects
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satellite
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natural body, like the moon
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space probe
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a robot vehicle used to explore deep space
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25
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.
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magnitude
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brightness
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main sequence
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a band of stars
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universe
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everything that exist
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galaxy
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a group of stars, gas, and dust
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light-year
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the distance light travels in one Earth year
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26
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.
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matter
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anything that has mass, takes up space
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physical properties
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characteristics or property
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mass
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the amount of matter in an object
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weight
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a measure of the pull of gravity
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volume
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the amount of space that an object takes up
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density
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concentration of matter in an object
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solubility
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ability of one substance to be dissolved in another substance
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solid
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definite shape and volume
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liquid
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a definite volume but no definite shape
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gas
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does not have definite shape nor volume
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evaporation
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process by which liquid changes to gas
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condensation
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process by which gas changes back to liquid
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reactivity
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ability of a substance to go through a chemical change
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combustibility
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chemical property of being able to burn
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27
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nucleus
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very tiny center of an atom
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proton
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a subatomic particle with positive charge
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neutron
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a subatomic particle with no charge
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electron
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a subatomic particle wit negative charge
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element
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substance made up of only one kind of atom
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atom
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smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of that element
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molecule
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two or more atoms linked together
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periodic table
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table of elements in order of increasing atomic number
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compound
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a substance made of the atoms of two or more elements
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