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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Kinesiology |
The study of human movement. |
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Biomechanics |
The study of how forces affect a living body. |
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A ground reaction force |
An external force. An equal and opposite force is exerted back into the body with each step. |
Watching exercises. |
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Qualitative analysis |
Involves applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an educated evaluation. |
Data & measurements |
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Quantitative analysis |
Involves taking physical measurements and making mathematical computations to reach a conclusion. |
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Anatomic position |
The standard posture wherein the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, the palms face forward, and the head faces forward. |
Front |
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Anterior |
The body part is either toward or on the front side of the body. |
Back |
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Posterior |
The body part is either toward or on the back side of the body. |
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Superior |
The body part is located above a landmark or closest to the head. |
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Inferior |
The body part is located toward or closest to the bottom part of the body. |
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Proximal |
The body part is located closest to the center of the body or a landmark. |
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Distal |
The body part is located farthest from the center of the body or a landmark. |
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Medial |
The body part is located toward or closest to the midline of the body. |
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Lateral |
The body part is located away or farthest from the midline of the body. |
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Lateral |
The body part is located away or farthest from the midline of the body. |
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Contralateral |
The body part is located on the opposite side of the body. |
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Lateral |
The body part is located away or farthest from the midline of the body. |
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Contralateral |
The body part is located on the opposite side of the body. |
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Ipsalateral |
The body part is located on the same side of the body. |
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Lateral |
The body part is located away or farthest from the midline of the body. |
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Contralateral |
The body part is located on the opposite side of the body. |
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Ipsalateral |
The body part is located on the same side of the body. |
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Sagittal Plane |
Bisects the body into a right half and a left half.
Movements are those that move forward and backward.
Walking, cycling, & squatting |
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Frontal Plane |
Divides the body into a front half and a rear half.
Movements occur parallel to this plane.
Jumping jacks, lunging from side to side, & hopping |
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Transverse Plane |
Bisects the body into a top half and a bottom half.
A dancers pirouette or a cable rotation. |
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Anterior-Posterior Axis |
A straight line that cuts through the body from front to back. |
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Anterior-Posterior Axis |
A straight line that cuts through the body from front to back. |
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Longitudinal axis |
An imaginary long straight line that cuts through the body from the top to bottom. |
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Anterior-Posterior Axis |
A straight line that cuts through the body from front to back. |
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Longitudinal axis |
An imaginary long straight line that cuts through the body from the top to bottom. |
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Flexion |
The bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases. |
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Extension |
A straightening motion where the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases. |
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Anatomic Locations |
Anatomic position Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior Proximal Distal Medial Lateral Contralateral Ipsalateral |
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Planes of Motion |
Sagital Plane Frontal Plane Transverse Plane |
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Anterior-Posterior Axis |
A straight line that cuts through the body from front to back. |
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Longitudinal axis |
An imaginary long straight line that cuts through the body from the top to bottom. |
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Flexion |
The bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases. |
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Extension |
A straightening motion where the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases. |
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Anatomic Locations |
Anatomic position Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior Proximal Distal Medial Lateral Contralateral Ipsalateral |
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Planes of Motion |
Sagital Plane Frontal Plane Transverse Plane |
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Frontal Plane Motions |
Abduction Adduction |
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Sagittal Plane Motions |
Flexion Extension |
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In which body segments does flexion occur in an anterior direction? |
Ankle Hip Trunk Upper extremity Neck |
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In which body segments does flexion occur in an posterior direction? |
Knee Ankle Toes |
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Abduction |
A body segment is moving away from the midline of the body. |
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Adduction |
A body segment is moving toward the midline. |
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Transverse Plane Motions |
Internal rotation External rotation Pronation Supination |
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Transverse Plane Motions |
Internal rotation External rotation Pronation Supination |
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Abductors |
A muscle that produces abduction of a limb or joint. |
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Adductors |
A muscle that produces adduction of a limb or joint. |
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Pronators |
A muscle that produces pronation of a limb or body segment. |
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Supinators |
A muscle that produces supination of a limb or body segment. |
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Triple Flexion |
A multi joint exercise that involves flexion (bending) at the hip, knee, and ankle. |
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Triple Extension |
A multi joint exercise that involves extension (straightening) at the hip, knee, and ankle. |
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Functional Movement |
Involve multiple joints and are multiplanar (occurring in more than one Plane of Motion). |
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Static posture |
The starting point from which an individual moves. |
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Internal rotation Aka Medial rotation |
Inward rotation of a limb or body segment. |
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External rotation Aka Lateral rotation |
The outward rotation of a limb or body segment |
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Pronation |
Rotated inward |
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Supination |
Rotated outward |
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Functional Muscle Groups |
Flexors and extensors Abductors and adductors Pronators and Supinators |
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Prone |
Body position where one is lying with the face downward. |
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Supine |
Body position where one is lying on the back and face is upward. |
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Flexors |
A muscle that produces flexion (bending) of a limb or joint. |
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Extensors |
A muscle that produces extension (straightening) of a limb or joint. |
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Transverse Plane Motions |
Internal rotation External rotation Pronation Supination |
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Abductors |
A muscle that produces abduction of a limb or joint. |
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Adductors |
A muscle that produces adduction of a limb or joint. |
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Pronators |
A muscle that produces pronation of a limb or body segment. |
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Supinators |
A muscle that produces supination of a limb or body segment. |
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Triple Flexion |
A multi joint exercise that involves flexion (bending) at the hip, knee, and ankle. |
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Triple Extension |
A multi joint exercise that involves extension (straightening) at the hip, knee, and ankle. |
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Functional Movement |
Involve multiple joints and are multiplanar (occurring in more than one Plane of Motion). |
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Static posture |
The starting point from which an individual moves. |
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Internal rotation Aka Medial rotation |
Inward rotation of a limb or body segment. |
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External rotation Aka Lateral rotation |
The outward rotation of a limb or body segment |
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Pronation |
Rotated inward |
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Supination |
Rotated outward |
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Functional Muscle Groups |
Flexors and extensors Abductors and adductors Pronators and Supinators |
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Prone |
Body position where one is lying with the face downward. |
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Supine |
Body position where one is lying on the back and face is upward. |
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Flexors |
A muscle that produces flexion (bending) of a limb or joint. |
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Extensors |
A muscle that produces extension (straightening) of a limb or joint. |
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Multiplanar |
Occurring in more than one plane of motion. |
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The muscle action spectrum includes which three major types of activation? |
Concentric Isometric Eccentric |
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Concentric activation |
The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening in length. |
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Active force |
Muscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements. |
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Isometric activation |
The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while maintaining a constant length. |
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Eccentric activation |
The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while lengthening. |
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Isolated function |
1.) A muscle's primary function.
2.) A muscle action produced at a joint when a muscle is being concentrically activated to produce acceleration of a body segment. |
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Eccentric function |
Action of a muscle when it is generating an eccentric contraction. |
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What are the three types of muscle function? |
Isolated Eccentric Integrated |
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Integrated function |
The coordination of muscles to produce, reduce, and stabilize forces in multiple planes for efficient and safe movement. |
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Kinetics |
Biomechanics term that involves the study of forces. |
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Force |
1.) A push or a pull that can create, stop, or change movement.
2.) Force = Mass x Acceleration |
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Mass |
The amount of matter in an object or physical body. |
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Matter |
A substance that has mass and takes up space. |
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Acceleration |
The rate at which an object is increasing in speed. |
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Weight |
The amount of force that gravity has on the body. |
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Gravity |
A force that accelerates an object or mass downward toward the earth's center. |
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Lever |
A relatively rigid rod or bar that rotates around a fulcrum. |
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Torque |
The rotary or rotational effect that a force has around an axis. |
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How can you optimize the muscle's ability to be strengthened? |
By maximizing the amount of torque that a muscle can generate. |
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Tempo |
The amount of time that a muscle is actively producing tension during exercise movements. |
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Repetition tempo |
The speed at which each repetition is performed. |
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Line of pull |
The direction in which a muscle is pulled. |
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